不同地质条件下浅埋偏压小净距隧道围岩稳定性研究

不同围岩条件下浅埋偏压小净距隧道的围岩稳定性相差很大,特别是半软半硬岩层隧道,由于软硬交界面的存在,其施工力学特性更加复杂。使用FLAC3D模拟不同净距下均质硬岩、均质软岩和竖向半软半硬岩隧道施工15种工况,对比分析中岩墙、拱顶上部围岩、仰拱处围岩和边坡的围岩稳定性。结果表明:隧道开挖引起均质围岩中岩墙上部水平位移最大,而半软半硬岩中部水平位移最大,中岩墙上部围岩稳定性最差;0.6B净距可以作为半软半硬岩偏压小净距隧道的临界值;半软半硬围岩隧道开挖引起拱顶沉降量和硬岩隧道比较接近,远小于软弱围岩隧道拱顶沉降;隧道开挖引起软岩侧洞室上覆盖层围岩稳定性变差;隧道开挖引起拱顶上部围岩破裂面整体呈"W"形,仰拱部围岩破裂面呈"M"形。     

深水碳酸盐岩沉积体系与储层发育控制因素 ——以中东H油田白垩系Khasib组为例

深水碳酸盐岩是有利的油气储集岩,中东地区上白垩统Khasib组缓坡型深水碳酸盐岩是重要的产油层系.伊拉克H油田Khasib组储层非均质性较强,储层发育特征及控制因素、油气分布规律不清,制约了选区评价及勘探部署.在区域地质调研的基础上,基于岩心、薄片和测井资料,对H油田Khasib组岩相、沉积微相和沉积模式、储层发育控制...     

Geochemistry of mafic rocks and melt inclusions and their implications for the heat source of the 14.0°S hydrothermal field,South Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Fresh rocks sampled from the 14.0°S hydrothermal field of the South Atlantic Ridge can be divided into two categories： olivine-gabbro and basalt. The olivine-gabbro is composed mainly of three types of minerals： olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase, while a multitude of melt inclusions occur in the plagioclase phenocrysts of the basalts. We analyzed the whole-rock, major and trace elements contents of the basaks, the mineral chemistry of phenocrysts and melt inclusions in the basalts, and the mineral chemistry of olivine-clinopyroxene-plagioclase in the olivine-gabbro, then simulated magma evolution within the crust using the COMAGMAT program. The whole-rock geochemistry shows that all the basalts exhibit typical N-MORB characteristics. In addition, the mineral chemistry characteristics of the olivine-gabbro （low-Fo olivine, low-Mg# clinopyroxene, high-TiO2 clinopyroxene, low-An plagioclase）, show that strong magma differentiation occurred within the crust. Nevertheless, significant discrepancies between those minerals and phenocrysts in the basalts （high-Fo olivine, high-An plagioclase） reflect the heterogeneity of magma differentiation. High Mg# （-~0.72） melt inclusions isobaric partial crystallization simulations suggest that the magma differentiation occurred at the depth shallower than 13.03 km below the seafloor, and both the vertical differentiation column shows distinct discrepancies from that of a steady-state magma chamber. Instead, a series of independent magma intrusions probably occurred within the crust, and their corresponding crystallized bodies, as the primary high-temperature thermal anomalies within the off-axis crust, probably act as the heat source for the development of the 14.0°S hydrothermal system.     

A Spore-Pollen Assemblage from the Damoguaihe Formation in the Tamutsag Basin,Mongolia and Its Geological Implication

Based on the palynological data from Well Ta-19-36 and Well Ta-19-37 in the Ta'nan Sag, and Well Ta-22-1 and Well Ta-21-1 in the Bayin Gobi Sag, a spore-pollen assemblage from the Damoguaihe Formation is named as Cicatricosisporites minutaestriatus- Aequitriradites spinulosus-Protopinus sp. assemblage in the Tamutsag Basin, Mongolia. The assemblage is characterized by abundant gymnosperm pollen and diverse fern spores, counted 46.35%–65.57% and 34.43%–52.58% in percentage respectively. Among the gymnosperm pollen, Pinuspollenites sp.(2.66%–16.94%), Protopinus sp.(0–11.38%) and Protopicea sp.(0–10.81%) are dominant; and Alisporites sp., Cerebropollenites sp., Podocarpidites sp., and Abietineaepollenites sp. are common. Some important elements, such as Chasmatosporites sp., Callialasporites prominulus, Parvisaccites sp., Parcisporites sp., Jiaohepollis cf. annulatus, J. bellus, J. verus, Polycingulatisporites sp., Schizaeoisporites certus, Classopollis annulatus are seen. Within the fern spores, Osmundacidites wellamanii(0.85%–4.93%), Appendicisporites sp.(0–4.45%), Baculatisporites comaumensis(0.80%–2.87%), Cicatricosisporites sp.(0.51%–2.66%), C. minor(0–2.14%), Foraminisporis asymmetricus(0–2.40%), Aequitriradites sp.(0– 2.19%) and Cyathidites minor(0–2.13%) are dominant; and some specie of Densoisporites, Cooksonites, Impardecispora, Pilosisporites, Schizaeosprites, Fixisporites, Leptolepidites, Trilobosporites, Kuylisporites, Klukisporites, Hsuisporites, Couperisporites, Maculatisporites are seen. The angiosperm pollen are rare in the assemblage, characterized by Clavatipollenites sp.(0–0.80%) and Songipollis sp.(0–0.27%). The geological age of the Damoguaihe Formation is assigned to Hauterivian – Barremian of Early Cretaceous according to the palynological data, due to the fact that there existed a lot of diverse spores of the family Schizaeaceae and prosperous gymnosperm saccat pollen which the corpus and sacci are differentiated completely, and the presence of early angiosperm pollen of Clavatipollenites. However, the zircon U-Pb isotopic dating of the volcanic rocks in the Nantun Formation indicated that the overlying strata of the Nantun Formation, i.e. the Damoguaihe Formation must be younger than 127.0±2.0–137.9±1.5 Ma. This is consistent with the palynological data. Furthermore, the vegetation reconstructed on the palynological data of the Damoguaihe Formation is conifer forest with shrubs and grassland, belonging to the semi-humid or humid middle to south subtropical climate. Moreover, three new species, namely Biretisporites punctatus sp. nov., Chasmatosporites reticulates sp. nov. and Concentrisporites contractus sp. nov. are described here.     

The Insect Oviposition Firstly Discovered on the Middle Jurassic Ginkgoales Leaf from Inner Mongolia,China

Although the evidence of insect oviposition on plant organs has been reported from the late Paleozoic to the Miocene, record from the middle Jurassic is still blank. This paper reports a significant evidence of insect oviposition on plant leaf from the middle Jurassic for the first time. The ovipositional scar is distributed on the abaxial surface of Sphenobaiera leaf（Ginkgoales） from the middle Jurassic Daohugou Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. A new ichnospecies Paleoovoidus venustus sp. nov. is described. The scar is elliptic to oval, arranged in longitudinal rows between leaf veins with almost regular distance, with its long axis paralleling to the leaf venation. This discovery adds new information to the morphology of insect endophytic oviposition probably produced by Odonata existed in a terrestrial ecosystem ~165 Ma ago. The new materials also provide important data for the study of insect reproductive biology, plant-insect interaction and coevolution, as well as understanding the paleoclimate and palaeoenvironment during that time in northeast China.     

拉萨地块西段典中组火山岩岩浆作用过程及其地质意义

拉萨地块西段分布有大面积的古近纪火山岩,蕴含着丰富的地质信息。文章对措勤地区典中组火山岩年代学、地球化学的研究表明,典中组火山岩岩浆活动在晚白垩世晚期已经开始,之后逐步向东迁移,时间上一直持续到古新世。印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞可能是从西段开始的,之后逐渐向东碰撞过渡。典中组火山岩岩浆形成的过程中发生了部分熔融作用,且在成岩过程中发生了混合作用;典中组火山岩是岛弧型俯冲向碰撞过渡过程中产生的具有岛弧或陆缘弧特点的火山岩。     

茶尖岭矿区M28异常分布区银多金属矿源条件浅析

茶尖岭矿区M28异常分布区银多金属矿的形成与燕山期中酸性浅成岩浆岩有空间、成因联系,属于浅成热液矿床中的矽卡岩型成因。银多金属的成矿是热液活动、构造作用的产物,根据地层中元素的初始含量及矿源岩来阐明该异常分布区银多金属矿源条件。初步分析认为,板岩类及闪长玢岩为M28异常分布区的矿源岩,该异常分布区地层中银多金属元素的初始含量较高,该异常分布区银多金属成矿的矿源条件比较好。     

青海省都兰县阿拉克湖地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿方向

分析了区内的水系沉积物地球化学参数特征及其元素的相关性,认为元素(地球化学)异常(高值区)严格受东昆中断裂带、东昆南断裂带、布青山南坡乌断裂带,以及阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩带和东昆中蛇绿岩带,古-中元古代地层、岩体接触带、热液活动、脉岩等因素联合控制。根据异常特征与成矿地质条件,圈定了找矿远景区5个,且为该区下一步的找矿工作指明了方向。     

考虑边界反射作用河流污染混合区的简化算法

以排污口为坐标原点,通过数学推证了岸边排放时P(x,y)点与中心排放时Q(x/4,±y/2)点的污染物浓度对应相等.通过计算实验和曲线拟合,分别给出了中宽河流污染混合区最大长度、最大宽度和相应的纵坐标、面积等参数以及河流中心线和两岸线沿程浓度分布的实用化公式,给出了污染混合区的近似外边界曲线方程.对中宽河流污染混合区范围的计算和环境敏感点的浓度预测,具有重要实用价值,为工程技术人员提供了准确、简便、快捷的实用化方法.     

黄骅坳陷港中油田滩坝砂单一坝精细解剖

湖泊相滩坝砂体是我国大港油田沙河街组一种重要的储集层类型。为了揭示港中油田沙一段滩坝砂坝砂内部砂体叠置规律,本文以储层构型理论为指导,以沉积、露头、钻井岩心资料为基础,系统总结出滩坝砂单一坝内6种3级界面识别方法和垂向6种组合特征和平面上4种识别标志,取得了单一坝新认识。研究认为单一坝在剖面上为底平顶凸、近陡远缓不对称形态,呈斜列状排列,平均长宽比2.5,平均宽厚比49.1。单一坝长轴方向为北北东15°和北西西295°,并且以北北东方向为主。同时结合界面识别及动态资料,将Z9-61-2井钻遇单一坝坝进行了合理划分与组合,识别内插出13条泥岩夹层,划分出14期增生体,单一坝精细解剖研究工作,对于后期剩余油的挖潜提供理论依据。