若羌县水资源合理利用分析

针对若羌县水资源开发利用现状进行分析,预测2030年若羌县总需水量,通过计算分析,得出2030年总需水量为3.72亿m3,其农业、工业居民生活、生活需水量分别为0.78 m3、2.8 m3、0.07 m3、0.07 m3,提出加强水资源管理,建立城市再生水利用体系,制定节水办法、完善管理制度等措施,达到水资源的可持续利用。     

近源河流相辫状河—曲流河微相转换沉积特征及控制因素——以刘官庄油田馆陶组三段为例

刘官庄地区新近系馆陶组是黄骅坳陷歧南次凹的重要油气储层.利用岩心、测井、录井和地震等数据信息,探讨研究区馆陶组三段(馆三段)河流相的辫状河—曲流河(辫—曲)微相沉积特征及控制因素.结果表明:刘官庄地区馆三段共识别块状层理砾岩相、槽状交错层理砾岩相、板状交错层理砂岩相、平行层理砂岩相、块状层理砂岩相、槽状交错层理砂岩相、...     

中国国际河流水文地理研究进展

中国发育了亚洲主要的国际河流,丰富的跨境水资源在区域“水—能源—粮食—生态”安全维持中发挥着重要作用。近几十年来,受全球气候变化特别是大规模水利水电工程建设驱动,国际河流区水文及生态过程变化与跨境影响等问题备受关注。国内对这些问题的研究,重点聚焦于水文及生态过程变化规律与变化归因、跨境影响与安全风险调控,探讨跨境流域“水—能源—粮食—生态”纽带关系,构建适应全球变化的跨境水资源协调机制等方面,取得了突出的研发成效。面对全球变化影响下日益突出的跨境水安全与生态安全风险问题,国际河流的水文地理研究,更需要借助空天地一体化精准监测技术、现代空间地理信息技术和智能技术等,通过提供可量化、可参与、可公开的研发成果,更好地为国家对国际河流的合理利用与地缘合作、健康维持与风险管控、跨境水外交与环境外交等提供科学依据和决策支持。     

试卷后续跟进学习模式的构建——以考点“河流水文特征”的综合题为例

正高三地理复习过程中有大量的模拟训练,尤其是高考前阶段,更是周练、月考、模拟考接连不断。不可否认,大量的习题训练对学生确实有巩固知识、掌握地理原理和方法、提升应试技能的作用。但只重视解题结果,忽视习题训练后的悟题过程,陷入题海战术的怪圈,其学习效率是低效的。为了深化新课程改革、切实减轻学生过重的课业负担,倡导自主学习、合作学习和探究学习,改变学生学习方式单一、学习效率低下的现状。2013年9月温州市开展了"有效学习课堂变革"的     

全国环境质量状况总的来看有所改善，但生态环境保护形势依然严峻

环境保护部副部长李干杰今日表示,全国环境质量状况总的来看有所改善,但生态王不境保护形势依然严峻,还面临不少困难和挑战。主要体现在以下方面。一是全国水环境质量不容乐观。长江、黄河、珠江、松花江、淮河、海河、辽河、浙闽片河流、西南诸河和西北诸河等十大水系的国控断面中,～类、～类和劣类水质的断面比例分别为71．7％、19．3％和9．0％。     

Modeling tropical river runoff: A time dependent approach

Forecasting of rainfall and subsequent river runoff is important for many operational problems and applications related to hydrology. Modeling river runoff often requires rigorous mathematical analysis of vast historical data to arrive at reasonable conclusions. In this paper we have applied the stochastic method to characterize and predict river runoffofthe perennial Kulfo River in southem Ethiopia. The time series analysis based auto regressive integrated moving average （ARIMA） approach is applied to mean monthly runoff data with 10 and 20 years spans. The varying length of the input runoff data is shown to influence the forecasting efficiency of the stochastic process. Preprocessing of the runoff time series data indicated that the data do not follow a seasonal pattern. Our forecasts were made using parsimonious non seasonal ARIMA models and the results were compared to actual 10-year and 20-year mean monthly runoff data of the Kulfo River. Our results indicate that river runoff forecasts based upon the 10-year data are more accurate and efficient than the model based on the 20-year time series.     

Climate transformation to warm-humid and its effect on river runoff in the source region of the Yellow River

The change characteristics and trends of the regional climate in the source region of the Yellow River, and the response of runoff to climate change, are analyzed based on observational data of air temperature, precipitation, and runoff at 10 main hydrological and weather stations in the region. Our results show that a strong signal of climate shift from warm-dry to warm-humid in the western parts of northwestern China （Xinjiang） and the western Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province occurred in the late 1980s, and a same signal of climate change occurred in the mid-2000s in the source region of the Yellow River located in the eastern part of northwestern China. This climate changeover has led to a rapid increase in rainfall and stream runoff in the latter region. In most of the years since 2004 the average annual precipitation in the source region of the Yellow River has been greater than the long-term average annual value, and after 2007 the runoff measured at all of the hydrologic sections on the main channel of the Yellow River in the source region has also consistently exceeded the long-term average annual because of rainfall increase. It is difficult to determine the prospects of future climate change until additional observations and research are conducted on the rate and temporal and spatial extents of climate change in the region. Nevertheless, we predict that the climate shift from warm-dry to warm-humid in the source region of the Yellow River is very likely to be in the decadal time scale, which means a warming and rainy climate in the source region of the Yellow River will continue in the coming decades.     

渤海海域新近系河流相砂岩储层描述技术

针对海上河流相砂岩油田单砂体厚度薄,井间储层横向变化快,纵向上油气水间互,平面上连通性差等特点,渤海通过十多年的不断探索和实践,发展完善了定量描述砂体展布的储层描述技术.该技术很大程度上解决了在海上探井井距大,井控程度低,取心资料较少等情况下的储层横向展布问题,并基于已钻井资料,总结出如何在探井之间寻找潜力砂体的经验.随着渤海越来越多的河流相油田投入开发,储层描述技术的可靠性也得到证实.大量实例证明,该技术是渤海油田新近系河流相砂岩储层预测与描述的有效技术手段,其思路和方法也可借鉴到类似地质背景下的河流相岩性油气藏评价.     

Correlations between zooplankton assemblages and environmental factors in the downtown rivers of Shanghai,China

Most urban rivers play an important role in urban flood control and drainage in China, but pollution is fast becoming an issue of greater importance in water management. In this study, 63 zooplankton species were recorded in four downtown rivers in Shanghai between November 2007 and October 2008. Of these, 44 species belonged to the Rotifera, 13 to Cladocera, and six to Copepoda. The three most frequently occurring zooplankton （Brachionus calyciflorus, Microcyclops Ieuckarti, and Asplanchna priodonta） accounted for 80.00%, 76.84%, and 53.68%, respectively. Rotifera were found to be dominant, comprising 86.26% of total zooplankton, while cladoceran and copepod abundance amounted to 5.08% and 8.67%, respectively. Water temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity, and total nitrogen were of the greatest significance in the occurrence of zooplankton. Two species （Schmackeria forbesi and Lepadella ovalis） were notably more sensitive to environmental factors such as salinity and electrical conductivity than other species. The population size and community were inversely correlated with the increasing nutrient levels of the four rivers, suggesting that the water quality of the four rivers had been gradually recovering from a severe eutrophic state and that water conditions of the rivers had been gradually improved.     

利用伪归一化差异水体指数提取城镇周边

通过对归一化差异水体指数NDWI中的绿波段修正,提出了不依赖于中红外波段的伪归一化差异水体指数FNDWI（False NDWI）。使用NDWI和FNDWI分别在背景地物为城市、城郊、乡镇、村落和山区的遥感影像上进行河流水体提取,实验表明,FNDWI影像中城镇建筑用地与河流水体的可分离性较NDWI有所提升,提升率为116％～335％不等;相关性分析表明,河流宽度与可分离性提升率具有明显的负相关关系,相关系数为-0．82;分类结果显示,在城市和城郊区域,NDWI提取的水体中混杂有较多城镇建筑用地信息,而FNDWI提取的水体中基本未见混杂。总体上,FNDWI提高了2种地物的可分离性,剔除了NDWI影像混入的城镇建筑用地信息,较好地解决了NDWI城镇建筑用地与河流水体的混淆问题,尤其适用于城镇周边的细小河流。