Strontium isotope composition of the Arno River Valley waters （Tuscany, Italy） as a natural tracer of water-rock interaction and mixing processes

Sr isotope studies of surficial waters have highlighted that differences in the ^87Sr/^86Sr ratio and Sr concentration are primarily caused by mixing of waters of various origins with specific isotopic and chemical characteristics, resulting from water-rock interaction processes. In this paper we reported the first Sr isotopic ratios, coupled with water chemistry, the measurement was carried out on samples related to （1） the Amo River （Tuscany, central-northern Italy）, between the source and the mouth, （2） the most important tributaries and to （3） the thermal water discharges seeping out in the southern part of the basin. The main goals are： a） to use the ^87Sr/^86Sr ratio as a discriminative parameter of source areas, b） to define its variation along both the main course and principal tributaries, and c） to estimate the effects of the mixing process of the different end-embers. The outcropping rocks in the Amo River Basin are predominantly sedimentary, mainly made up of Mesozoic limestones, Oligocene sandstones and Plio-Pleistocene marine-lacustrine formations. Triassic and Mesosinian evaporites crop out in the Elsa and Era reaches, whereas Paleozoic quartzitic formations occur in the Mrs. Pisani area. Strontium isotopic composition is generally controlled by lithology and does not seem to be affected by anthropic input and flow rate. The ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios in the Arno Basin vary between 0.707963 and 0.712743, the highest ratios being related to waters circulating in the Palezoic rocks and Oligocene sandstone formations. Less radiogenic values pertain to the Elsa and Era tributaries where contributions related to the dissolution of evaporitic sequences, and mixing processes with the thermal discharges have been distinguished. The tributaries show that water samples in the pristine area have higher ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios than the respective tributaries from which water samples were collected near the confluence. Eventually, water samples collected along the Arno River, close to the mouth, tend to have Sr isotopic ratios similar to those of the present seawater.     

Distribution of uranium and thorium in Irtysh River and the upriver wastewater from a rare metal mine impact on it

Uranium and Th are important radioactive elements. Most studies were focused on their environmental impact from uranium deposits and mining sites. But other sorts of mines such as rare metals mines are associated highly with uranium and thorium, too. In China, the Irtysh River is the only river that runs into the Arctic Ocean. The famous Koktokay rare metal pegmatite deposit is located in the headwater region of this river and has been exploited for several decades. The waste ore piled along the riverside as long as several kilometers. The wastewater flom the concentrating plant is discharged into the river directly. In addition, uranium and thorium can be leached from the waste ore into the river in the weathering process. So it is necessary to study the uranium and thorium distribution in the branch and trunk streams of the Irtysh River and the wastewater from the mining site impact on it. In this study, the contents of uranium and thorium in water samples from the Irtysh River and rare metal mine wastewater have been detected directly with ICP-MS. Uranium and thorium distribution and geochemical behaviors in the Irtysh River basin have been studied. The environmental uranium and thorium pollution status in the Irtysh River and wastewater from a rare metal mine impact on it have also been evaluated. The study shows that uranium and thorium contents in wastewater from a rare metal mine are as high as 78.311 μg/L and 0.627 μg/L, respectively, so we should also pay attention to the radioactive pollution from the rare metal mine. The average contents of U and Th in the branch streams of the Irtysh River are 0.572 μg/L and 0.015 μg/L, respectively. At the mean time, in the trunk of the Irtysh River, average thorium content is 0.019 μg/L while U is up to 2.234 μg/L, much higher than the average content （0.0309 μg/L） of the world rivers. From upstream to downstream in the trunk of the Irtysh River, thorium content declines gradually due to dilution by other branches and deposition itself.     

Characteristics of trace elements in contaminated rivers and their environmental significance

Several rivers researched around Taihu Lake in Chinese eastern plain are distributed to the west of the lake. Pollutants of different types from tributaries and inlets flow directly into the main rivers and finally into the lake. They change trace elements of rivers fi＇om which we can analyze. Researches about trace elements are helpful for understanding the pollutant characteristics, industrial structure and agricultural cultivation in the area of network rivers in the plain of China. Samples of water column, suspended matter and sediment were collected fi＇om the west rivers of Taihu Lake, which represent three typical rivers. Observation in the field and the primary composition analysis showed the Caoqiao River was mainly contaminated by industrial wastewater, the Liangxi River was discharged by domestic sewage and the Dapu River was principally input by farmland runoff. REE concentrations and their normalized curves showed obvious characters for rivers discharged by different sewages. The contents of total REE in water column followed the order of the Caoqiao River, the Dapu River and the Liangxi River fi＇om high to low. TREEs in suspended matter and sediments follow the order of the Dapu River 〉 the Caoqiao River 〉 the Liangxi River. REE normalized curves （for Australia shale） suggested that significant diversities were presented in water column, suspended matter and sediments, i.e., heavy REE enrichment in water, middle REE enrichment in suspended matter, and smooth curves for sediments. But the heavy pollution resulted in several anomalous curves in the same rivers. Some element ratios were selected as indices for polluted rivers based on their geochemical properties and diversities between rivers. The results displayed the discriminative indices for water column, suspended matter and sediment. The effective indices were Pb/Fe, Cr/Fe, Ni/Fe, Pb/Ni, Zn/Ni for water column, Cu/Al, Cu/Fe, Zn/Fe, K/Ca, K/Na, Pb/Co, Zn/Co for suspend matter and Pb/Fe, K/Ca, Ca/Mg, Zn/Ni for sediment, respectively. In general, rivers mainly discharged by industrial sewage have high ratios of Pb/Ni, K/Ca, are enriched in the middle REE and have positive Gd anomaly. The domestic sewage flowing into rivers reveals high ratios of Zn/Ni, Pb/Fe, and is enriched in the heavy REE, and has the positive Eu anomaly. If runoff of farmland enters into the rivers, it will have high ratios of Ca/Mg, K/Na, high lanthanum, and show the smooth normalized curves of REE.     

青藏高原北部不同地区河流和湖岸阶地的演化特征

把青藏高原北部空白区已完成的1:25万区调成果报告中有关河流和湖岸地貌的剖面、实测数据提炼出来,将其位置点绘于同一张水系分布图上,然后根据不同位置、不同的剖面、不同的测试数据进行区域性对比研究,结果表明:①青藏高原北部昆仑山中部和东部地区,河谷、湖岸地貌都具有100 kaBP、10 kaBP、5～6 kaBP的阶地,这3个时期东西部河谷、湖岸地貌的形成具有同步性;②昆仑山中部地区具有70 kaBP的阶地,昆仑山东部地区具有50 kaBP的阶地,这2个时期昆仑山东西部河流、湖岸地貌的形成不具有同步性.对该地区河流、湖岸地貌成因分析后认为,除气候作用外,河流阶地、湖岸阶地对高原北部的隆升具有一定的指示作用,表现为从西向东抬升速率逐渐减小,总体上同一地方从老到新抬升速率逐渐增加.     

青藏高原北部不同地区河流和湖岸阶地的演化特征

把青藏高原北部空白区已完成的1∶25万区调成果报告中有关河流和湖岸地貌的剖面、实测数据提炼出来,将其位置点绘于同一张水系分布图上,然后根据不同位置、不同的剖面、不同的测试数据进行区域性对比研究,结果表明:①青藏高原北部昆仑山中部和东部地区,河谷、湖岸地貌都具有100kaBP、10kaBP、5～6kaBP的阶地,这3个时期东西部河谷、湖岸地貌的形成具有同步性;②昆仑山中部地区具有70kaBP的阶地,昆仑山东部地区具有50kaBP的阶地,这2个时期昆仑山东西部河流、湖岸地貌的形成不具有同步性。对该地区河流、湖岸地貌成因分析后认为,除气候作用外,河流阶地、湖岸阶地对高原北部的隆升具有一定的指示作用,表现为从西向东抬升速率逐渐减小,总体上同一地方从老到新抬升速率逐渐增加。     

加强领导 扎实工作 大力推进煤矿企业联合重组工作进程

今年以来，峰峰集团将联合重组地方中小煤矿作为实施企业发展、做大做强企业的一项战略措施，大力推进煤矿企业联合重组工作，取得了初步进展。     

用BATS模型模拟径流的个例研究

为了解陆气间水热交换在径表成中的作用,本文采用ＢＡＴＳ模型模拟了淮河流域山区和平原在１９９１年汛期５０天的暴雨洪水过程,计算了径流,土壤温度和感热,通量,并用常规的汇流计算方法得到了流域出口断量过程线。