Effects of salinity fluctuation amplitudes on growth, osmolarity, Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis Osbeck

The effects of various salinity fluctuation amplitudes (2, 4, 6 and 8) on the growth, osmolarity, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis cultured in seawater with a salinity of 20 were studied. The results show that weight gain in the salinity fluctuation treatments was better than that in control; in particular, the weight gain of treatments S4 and S0, at 231.8% and 196.3%, respectively, was significantly different (P<0.05). The hemolymph osmolarity of treatments S0, S2, S4, S6 and S8 was 635.4, 630.8, 623.6, 614.4 and 600.3 mOsm/kg, respectively, and decreased with increasing salinity fluctuation amplitude. The level of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in gills of F. chinensis was higher than that in hepatopancreas, but there were no significant differences among all treatments, either in gills or hepatopancreas (P>0.05). The relative level of Hsp70 in treatment S4 was 48.4% and 40.4% higher than control in muscle and eyestalks, respectively, with the highest values being recorded under a salinity fluctuation amplitude of 4.     

Ecosystem health assessment of Honghu Lake Wetland of China using artificial neural network approach

Honghu Lake, located in the southeast of Hubei Province, China, has suffered a severe disturbance during the past few decades. To restore the ecosystem, the Honghu Lake Wetland Protection and Restoration Demonstration Project (HLWPRDP) has been implemented since 2004. A back propagation (BP) artificial neural network (ANN) approach was applied to evaluatinig the ecosystem health of the Honghu Lake wetland. And the effectiveness of the HLWPRDP was also assessed by comparing the ecosystem health before and after the project. Particularly, 12 ecosystem health indices were used as evaluation parameters to establish a set of three-layer BP ANNs. The output is one layer of ecosystem health index. After training and testing the BP ANNs, an optimal model of BP ANNs was selected to assess the ecosystem health of the Honghu Lake wetland. The result indicates that four stages can be identified based on the change of the ecosystem health from 1990 to 2008 and the ecosystem health index ranges from morbidity before the implementation of HLWPRDP (in 2002) to middle health after the implementation of the HLWPRDP (in 2005). It demonstrates that the HLWPRDP is effective and the BP ANN could be used as a tool for the assessment of ecosystem health.     

Livelihood strategy change and land use change —Case of Danzam Village in upper Dadu River watershed, Tibetan Plateau of China

Land use change in rural China since the 1980s, induced by institution reforms, urbanization, industrialization and population increase, has received more attention. However, case studies on how institution reforms affect farmers’ livelihood strategies and drive land use change are scarce. By means of cropland plots investigations and interviews with farmers, this study examines livelihood strategy change and land use change in Danzam Village of Jinchuan County in the upper Dadu River watershed, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. The results show that, during the collective system period, as surplus labor forces could not be transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, they had to choose agricultural involution as their livelihood strategy, then the farmers had to produce more grains by land reclamation, increasing multiple cropping index, improving input of labor, fertilizer, pesticide and adopting advanced agricultural techniques. During the household responsibility system period, as labors being transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, farmers chose livelihood diversification strategy. Therefore, labor input to grain planting was greatly reduced, which drove the transformation of grain to horticulture, vegetable or wasteland and decrease of multiple cropping index. This study provides a new insight into understanding linkages among institution reforms, livelihood strategy of smallholders and land use change in rural China. Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40601006, 40471009), National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2005CB422006)     

莱芜房干九龙大峡谷成功申报省级地质公园

从国土资源部获悉,中国已探明矿产资源总量居世界前列,矿产资源开采总量居世界第二位,成为世界矿产资源大国之一。     

坚定的信心从何而来?——对当下中国迎战经济衰退的另类思考

当2009年元旦来临之际,国务院总理温家宝来到了青岛,看望并慰问广大的干部群众,鼓励大家面对当前的经济困境要坚定信心,迎难而上,创造新业绩.温总理抓住了解决当前中国应对经济衰退问题的核心,抓住了根本.对一个"后发的工业化大国"而言,战胜当下的经济困难,中国缺少的不是"金钱",而是"人心".问题的关键在于树立坚定的信心.     

Taxonomic Studies on a New Marine Ciliate, Apocoleps magnus gen. nov., spec. nov. （Ciliophora, Colepidae）, Isolated from Qingdao, China

The morphology and infraciliature of a new marine colepid ciliate, Apocoleps magnus gen. nov., spec. nov., are described based on living observations and silver impregnations. The new genus Apocoleps is characterized by having 8 (vs. 6 in most other related genera) armour tiers, spines at both ends of the cell, 3 adoral organelles and plates with 4 reniform uni-windows. Apocoleps magnus spec. nov. is defined by the following features: body elongated and slightly curved, about 100–120μm× 35–45 μm in vivo; an...     

2008年湖南土地市场简报

土地市场动态监测就是在一定区域范围内,将一定时期的土地供应数量、结构、区域分布、土地资产收益、地价房价水平等信息归纳整理,通过与以往土地市场数据的对比分析,寻找目前土地市场存在的问题,分析土地市场将来的发展趋势,为制定规范土地市场发展的政策和土地参与宏观调控提供依据和参考.     

新型城市化战略要力避“城市病”

中国近几十年来经历了一个无论在规模还是在速度上,堪称人类史无前例的城市化进程.在1978年到2008年的三十年间,中国城市人口从总人口的18%剧增到46%.     

垄断资源：周厉王身死国灭

周厉王是西周的第十位国王,他从老爹周夷王那里接过来的,是个烂摊子:"王室微,诸侯或不朝,相伐"(<史记·楚世家>).     

中国2008年将开建8大战略石油储备基地

2008年,中国首期4个战略石油储备基地已全部完工并已全面投入使用。2009年,中国还将开建锦州等8个战略石油储备基地。