Petrogenesis of the Late Jurassic Laomengshan rhyodacite (Southeast China): constraints from zircon U–Pb dating,geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopes

Extensive magmatism occurred in southeast China during Late Jurassic time, forming large-scale granitic and volcanic rocks associated with non-ferrous, rare earth and rare, radioactive metal deposits. The Shuikoushan Pb–Zn–Au orefield is a typical example located in Hunan Province. This study reports LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages, whole-rock chemistry, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions, and in situ Hf isotopic geochemistry of zircons from the Laomengshan rhyodacite in the Shuikoushan Pb–Zn–Au orefield. Zircon U–Pb dating yields a weighted average age of 156.7 ± 1.6 Ma for the intrusion of the rhyodacite. The rhyodacite samples are mainly shoshonitic series, having metaluminous to weakly peraluminous A/CNK values ranging from 0.96 to 1.09, with moderately high magnesium content (Mg# = 42.4–47.5). Samples display high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i values (0.71165–0.71176), low ε_Nd(T) values (?10.7 to ?10.3), old Nd model ages (T_DM = 1.73–1.86 Ga), and relatively homogeneous Pb isotopic compositions [(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i = 18.365–18.412, (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i = 15.663–15.680, and (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i = 38.625–38.666]. The zircons exhibit enriched ε_Hf(T) values (?16.22 to ?9.86) and old two-stage Hf model ages (T_DM2 = 1.82–2.22 Ga). All the above data indicate that the Laomengshan rhyodacite originated from melting Palaeoproterozoic basement, perhaps contaminated by subordinate mantle melts. Intense extension and thinning of the continental lithosphere during Late Jurassic time resulted in melting of upwelling asthenosphere, and mafic mantle melts interacted with and melted Palaeoproterozoic lower crust, thus forming the Laomengshan rhyodacite.     

重庆市青木关地下河水化学及其δ13C DIC变化特征

为了确定地下水中溶解无机碳和地下水中物质的来源,于2010年4月至2011年1月对重庆市青木关地下河流域系统进行了连续监测,分析其常规水化学组成、溶解无机碳含量及其同位素(δ13CDIC)组成变化特征及影响因素,2010年农耕期间(5-6月)又对部分观测点进行了加密取样分析.分析结果表明:(1)地下河水为HCO3-Ca型,其变化受水岩作用和降水作用的影响;(2)地下水中(Ca2++ Mg2+)/HCO3-的摩尔比值为0.6～0.72,平均为0.67,表明碳酸盐岩溶解受C3植被下土壤CO2、HNO3和H2SO4的共同作用的影响;(3)地下河水中由碳酸溶解碳酸盐岩产生的[HCO3-]的贡献率为56.16％～81.25％,平均为66.96％,硝酸和硫酸溶解碳酸盐岩产生的[HCO3-]的贡献率为18.75 ％～43.84％,平均为33.04％;(4)青木关地下河出口地下水的δ13 CDIC变化范围为-8.17‰～-13.68‰,平均值为-10.53 ‰.农耕期和枯水期地下河水的δ13 CDIC平均值分别为-9.25‰ 和-12.29‰,农耕期较枯水期偏正,偏正幅度达3‰,表明人类农业活动物质输入对地下河水δ13 CDIC有较大的影响.     

The genesis of Pb‐Zn sulphide occurrences in the Lower Devonian Buchan Group,Victoria

Six minor sulphide occurrences hosted by the Lower Devonian Buchan Group have been investigated. Sulphide minerals and associated phases are hosted by both dolostone and limestone lithologies along stylolitized bedding planes, cross‐cutting fractures, low angle minor faults and in cavities. Mineralization was closely associated with minor structures of inferred Tabberabberan age (Middle Devonian), which it appears to have post‐dated, but was largely strata‐bound in nature. The mineralogy of the occurrences is simple and characterized by the following generalized paragenesis which reflects the increasing oxidation state and pH of the mineralizing fluids: pyrite (pseudomorphous after marcasite)‐galena ± sphalerite ± pyrite‐dolomite ± barite‐calcite ± fluorite ± dolomite.

The sulphur isotope composition of sulphide minerals varies from ‐32.1 to +4.1‰, with iron and base metal sulphide minerals forming two distinct populations around ‐25‰ and 0‰, respectively. A single barite sample gives a sulphur isotope composition of +22.4‰, which is similar to that estimated for Early Devonian seawater. Fluid inclusions in fluorite and calcite homogenize at temperatures in the range 160 to 212° C and have average salinities of approximately 10 wt% NaCI eq. Sphalerite contains up to 1.81 wt% iron which correlates with colour, and up to 1.43 wt% cadmium. The Pb isotopic pattern of galena suggests a source region with U/Pb(= μ) lower than the crustal average, and a high Th/U.

A genetic hypothesis is proposed which involves the circulation of saline fluids through the Snowy River Volcanics, which directly underlie the Buchan Group, during or at some time after the Tabberabberan Orogeny. Although the Buchan occurrences show features characteristic of both Mississippi Valley‐type and stratiform ore deposits, they are most directly comparable to the epigenetic zones of Irish carbonate‐hosted base‐metal deposits. However, Pb‐Zn sulphide mineralization at Buchan appears to have been associated with minor compressional structures, suggesting that a simple correlation with the Irish deposits is not directly applicable.     

Ordovician backarc‐basin metadolerite and metabasalt of the South Kitakami Terrane,Northeast Japan

Basement rocks that occur along the northern margin of the South Kitakami Terrane in Japan consist of Ordovician ultramafic rocks (Hayachine ultramafic complex), gneissose amphibolite (Kuromoriyama amphibolite), and mafic rocks (Kagura igneous rocks, KIR). The KIR are composed of metagabbro, metadolerite, metabasalt, and minor felsic–intermediate dikes. Although the KIR contain green hornblende due to metamorphism of greenschist to epidote–amphibolite facies, they rarely retain primary brown hornblende. Approximately 30% of the metabasalt shows porphyritic textures, with phenocrysts of saussuritized plagioclase and/or altered mafic minerals. The geochemistry of the common metadolerite and metabasalt of the KIR shows a tholeiite trend, a low TiO₂ content, and high Th/Nb and Ti/V ratios. The KIR are therefore indicative of a supra‐subduction zone tectonic setting, which implies a backarc origin (as also indicated by discrimination diagrams). Trace element patterns of the KIR resemble those of the backarc‐basin basalt of the Japan and Yamato basins in the Japan Sea. We propose that the KIR formed during backarc spreading from the Ordovician to Early Silurian. This view is supported by the geochemical data, the tectonic setting of the Hayachine ultramafic rocks, and the provenance of clastics within Silurian sedimentary rocks.     

Late Holocene record of environmental changes,cyclones and tsunamis in a coastal lake,Mangaia, Cook Islands

A 4.3 m‐long peat sequence from the shore of Lake Tiriara, Mangaia, Cook Islands, was analyzed using an ITRAX core scanner equipped with a magnetic susceptibility meter. Variations in the elemental profiles, providing insights into long‐ and short‐term environmental changes over the last 3500 years, are supported by grain size data and diatom assemblages. The scattering ratio (Mo Inc/Mo Coh) was evaluated and found to represent a good proxy for organic matter in peat. X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) data were processed by principal component analysis that confirmed the distinction of biogenic and detrital phases, organic matter and elements of marine origin. The record preserved in the peat sequence includes a peatland infilling stage followed by alternating drier and wetter periods. A notable steady increase in clay associated with high counts of detrital elements from 2000–1700 cal yr BP is attributed to increased erosion, which is most probably linked with human colonization and/or more intense chemical weathering linked with a wetter climate. Freshwater gastropods (Melanoides sp.), which were possibly introduced by humans, or are native, occupied the wetland during a period of lower water level about 1000–1100 cal yr BP. Short‐term changes in the elemental profiles are often linked with slight coarsening of the inorganic fraction that is, however, only revealed after grain size analysis. Peaks in marine indicators (Br, Cl, S, and/or Ca) associated with marine‐dominated diatom assemblages most probably represent marine incursions through the underground tunnel in the makatea, a fossilized, uplifted coral limestone rim. While none of the marine event units present characteristics typical of cyclone or tsunami deposits, the concurrent or absent peak of detrital elements (Fe, Si, Rb, Ti, K) attributed to increased erosion of the volcanic cone associated with a cyclone is used to distinguish both types of events, as also suggested by principal component analysis.     

Zircon U–Pb ages of plutonic rocks in the southern Abukuma Mountains: Implications for Cretaceous geotectonic evolution of the Abukuma Belt

Plutonic rocks in the southern Abukuma Mountains include gabbro and diorite, fine‐grained diorite, hornblende–biotite granodiorite (Ishikawa, Samegawa, main part of Miyamoto and Tabito, Kamikimita and Irishiken Plutons), biotite granodiorite (the main part of Hanawa Pluton and the Torisone Pluton), medium‐ to coarse‐grained biotite granodiorite and leucogranite, based on the lithologies and geological relations. Zircon U–Pb ages of gabbroic rocks are 112.4 ±1.0 Ma (hornblende gabbro, Miyamoto Pluton), 109.0 ±1.1 Ma (hornblende gabbro, the Hanawa Pluton), 102.7 ±0.8 Ma (gabbronorite, Tabito Pluton) and 101.0 ±0.6 Ma (fine‐grained diorite). As for the hornblende–biotite granodiorite, zircon U–Pb ages are 104.2 ±0.7 Ma (Ishikawa Pluton), 112.6 ±1.0 Ma (Tabito Pluton), 105.2 ±0.8 Ma (Kamikimita Pluton) and 105.3±0.8 Ma (Irishiken Pluton). Also for the medium‐ to fine‐grained biotite granodiorite, zircon U–Pb ages are 106.5±0.9 Ma (Miyamoto Pluton), 105.1 ±1.0 Ma (Hanawa Pluton) and the medium‐ to coarse‐grained biotite granodiorite has zircon U–Pb age of 104.5 ±0.8 Ma. In the case of the leucogranite, U–Pb age of zircon is 100.6 ±0.9 Ma. These data indicate that the intrusion ages of gabbroic rocks and surrounding granitic rocks ranges from 113 to 101 Ma. Furthermore, K–Ar ages of biotite and or hornblende in the same rock samples were dated. Accordingly, it is clear that these rocks cooled down rapidly to 300 °C (Ar blocking temperature of biotite for K–Ar system) after their intrusion. These chronological data suggest that the Abukuma plutonic rocks in the southern Abukuma Mountains region uplifted rapidly around 107 to 100 Ma after their intrusion.     

Sequencing and expression analysis of CD3γ/δ and CD3εchains in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi

The genomic and cDNA sequences of the CD3γ/δ and CD3ε homologues in the mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi, were determined. As in other vertebrate CD3 molecules, the deduced amino acid sequences of mandarin fish CD3γ/δ and CD3ε contained conserved residues and motifs, such as cysteine residues and CXXC and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs. However, mandarin fish CD3γ/δ and CD3ε showed some differences to their mammalian counterparts, specifically the absence of a negatively charged residue in the transmembrane region of CD3γ/δ. Additionally, while an N-glycosylation site was present in CD3ε, the site was not observed in CD3γ/δ. The CD3γ/δ and CD3ε subunit sequences contain six and five exons, respectively, consistent with homologues from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed that CD3γ/δ and CD3ε in mandarin fish are closely related to their counterparts in Acanthopterygian fish. Real-time PCR showed CD3γ/δ and CD3ε were expressed mainly in the thymus and spleen in normal healthy fish and, to a lesser extent, in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, such as the intestine and gills. When lymphocytes isolated from head kidney were treated with the mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin, and polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid, mRNA expression levels of CD3γ/δ and CD3ε were significantly elevated within 12 h of treatment. This indicated the presence of T lymphocytes in the head kidney of teleost fish, and also the recognition of mitogens by the lymphocytes. Mandarin fish infected with the bacterial pathogen Flavobacterium columnare also showed an increase in the expression of CD3γ/δ and CD3ε mRNA, indicating that CD3γ/δ and CD3ε lymphocytes are involved in the immune response of this species.     

广西大瑶山西侧铜铅锌多金属成矿带的控矿因素与矿床成因

广西大瑶山西侧铜铅锌多金属成矿带位于南岭多金属成矿带西段,处在广西三级构造单元来宾凹陷和大瑶山隆起的结合部位,大瑶山背斜西翼。区内地层岩性组合较复杂,断裂构造发育,地球物理及地球化学异常显示突出,蚀变及矿化较强。该区赋矿地层、岩性、构造、岩浆岩、同位素、包裹体的特征表明,铜铅锌矿床的成因类型为中-低温沉积-热卤水改造型,属于“层控矿床”范畴。     

滇西北维西陆缘弧月亮坪早三叠世VMS型铅锌矿床的发现及地质意义

滇西北维西陆缘弧夹持于扬子地块和兰坪地块之间,是古特提斯时期形成的火山弧,中—下三叠统攀天阁组酸性端元和崔依比组基性端元构成的双峰式火山岩是其主要组成部分,被视为研究古特提斯洋俯冲和闭合过程的关键区带.本文初次在该火山岩带攀天阁组长英质火山岩中发现了1处V MS型矿床——月亮坪铅锌矿.初步野外调查显示,铅锌矿体具有"上...     

基于大数据分析的铜坑锡铟多金属矿床Sn-Zn-Pb矿化规律及其地质意义

广西大厂矿田不但锡、锌、铅、锑等主要金属储量规模巨大,铟、锗、镉等稀散金属的经济价值也非常可观。本文系统收集整理了铜坑矿床资源勘查、开发过程中形成的1642个工程的编录资料,建立了三维空间数据库,对具有空间属性的Sn、Zn、Pb化学实验数据进行了统计分析。分析结果显示,相对92号矿体和细脉带矿体,91号矿体Sn、Zn品位高、富磁黄铁矿、主量金属相关性差,推测该矿体存在富含Sn、Zn的高温成矿流体叠加。岩浆期后热液型矿床随着远离含矿热液源头Zn/Pb值呈降低趋势,喷流沉积矿床随着距离喷口由近及远、沉积矿层由下往上,Zn/Pb值呈逐步增加趋势。铜坑矿床Zn/Pb空间分布规律是喷流沉积、岩浆热液叠加改造特征的复合,表明该矿床可能为喷流沉积-叠加改造复合成因。东岩墙(花岗斑岩脉)东西两侧随距离变远,Zn/Pb值呈近似对称性降低,推测东岩墙是成矿热液运移的通道。