高精度稳定锶同位素分析方法综述

近年来稳定Sr同位素在同位素地球化学领域越来越受到重视,在表生地球化学、古环境、考古学、地球内生作用及陨石等方面研究都取得了重要成果,这得益于高精度稳定Sr同位素分析方法的发展。文章总结了δ88/86Sr分析方法的关键技术要素。在化学提纯方面,文献中广泛使用Sr特效树脂,用离子交换法实现Sr元素的分离提纯,但Sr特效树脂价格昂贵,且具有难以消除的记忆效应,建议用阳离子树脂代替;在质谱分析方面,主要使用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱（MCICP-MS）和热电离质谱（TIMS）进行测量,MC-ICP-MS测量具有比TIMS更高的测量效率,但是测量精度略低;对于质量歧视校正,目前使用较为广泛的方法有标样—样品间插法、Zr元素外部校正法以及双稀释剂法,其中双稀释剂法具有较高的测量精度,但在MC-ICP-MS上应用的相关研究较少。目前还缺乏对国际标准样品的δ88/86Sr的详细对比。因此,优化分析流程、提高测量精度以及更多标准样品δ88/86Sr的测定是需要加强的工作。     

长江流域大气降水中δ^18O变化与水汽来源

根据GNIP所提供的长江流域多年月平均降水中δD、δ^18O料以及NOAA-CIRES提供的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了长江流域降水稳定同位素与降水量、水汽压、温度和水汽来源之间的关系。结果表明：在平均季节尺度下,长江流域大气降水中δ^18O降水量、水汽压和温度均存在显著的负相关关系,说明该流域降水中δ^18O...     

辽宁本溪盘岭地区铜、铅锌矿床成矿条件探讨

本溪盘岭地区铜、铅锌矿床类型主要有沉积－变质矿床、沉积－强烈改造矿床、沉积－变质 (改造 )－岩浆热液叠加矿床、后成矿床 4种类型。通过对矿床地质特征、沉积环境、沉积相、矿区构造等方面的研究，认为矿床 (化 )明显受沉积环境、地层的岩性、岩相的控制，并受构造岩浆活动的影响，成矿条件有 4种：矿床原始沉积条件；成矿物质来源条件；后期改造富集条件；成矿的物理场和地球化学场条件。通过成矿条件分析，本区海湾浅海环境的氧化－还原的环境是铜、铅锌有利的沉淀场所，富含有机质的薄层互层带是矿物赋存有利空间。     

巴基斯坦胡兹达尔- 拉斯贝拉铅锌成矿带遥感地质特征与找矿模型

巴基斯坦胡兹达尔- 拉斯贝拉铅锌成矿带是特提斯成矿域铅锌成矿带的重要组成部分,该成矿带的矿床类型主要为喷流- 沉积型(SEDEX)和密西西比河谷型(MVT)。目前针对胡兹达尔- 拉斯贝拉铅锌成矿带及典型矿床的研究程度较低,制约了对该成矿带的认识及找矿勘查研究。本研究以胡兹达尔- 拉斯贝拉成矿带为研究区,通过合理选择遥感数据源和图像处理方法,对典型矿床(杜达、贡尕铅锌矿床)及部分矿点的样品光谱特征、影像特征综合分析,结合关键控矿要素研究,建立了胡兹达尔- 拉斯贝拉地区与沉积岩有关铅锌矿遥感找矿标志并开展成矿预测,为该成矿带找矿提供可行性方法。基于本研究建立的找矿标志,利用增强型专题制图仪(Enhanced thematic mapper, ETM)和先进星载热辐射与反射辐射计(Advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer, ASTER)影像圈定主要预测含矿地层分布区30处,结果与已知矿床、矿点吻合较好,圈定的含矿地层分布区主要集中在研究区中部和北部,均位于侏罗纪地层内且矿化带与地层走向一致,矿化主要位于安吉拉组、劳瑞莱组地层内部;根据含矿地层像元光谱,利用资源一号02D高光谱影像提取了中部地区含矿地层的空间分布,提取结果与找矿标志分析结果吻合较好,证实了在该区利用国产高光谱影像开展含铅锌矿地层自动提取与找矿的可行性。     

西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿床矽卡岩矿物特征及其意义

西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿床是冈底斯北缘一个重要的层状或似层状矽卡岩矿床,来姑组为矿床的主要容矿层位。矿区矽卡岩矿物主要有硅灰石、辉石、石榴石、透闪石、阳起石、绿帘石和绿泥石等。根据矿物的共生组合及交代关系,推断矿床经历了4个成矿阶段：早期矽卡岩阶段、晚期矽卡岩阶段、石英-硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段。结合矿物手标本及显微镜下观察,通过对矽卡岩矿物的电子探针测试,分析石榴石、辉石和硅灰石的矿物特征,结果表明：西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿床属钙质矽卡岩矿床,石榴石和辉石的组分变化较大,分别为And599~9472Gro0~3787(Pyr+Spe+Alm)087~678和Di1885~9444Hd339~7058Jo009~1114,硅灰石的矿物组分为Wo9900~9944Fs037~078En007~023。石榴石属钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列,且环带发育,辉石为透辉石-钙铁辉石系列,硅灰石组分较纯。西藏蒙亚啊矽卡岩为钙质矽卡岩,其矿床在形成过程中经历了热液流体的多期多阶段演化,矿床形成环境也并不是稳定的封闭体系。矽卡岩矿物成分特征表明,蒙亚啊铅锌矿床的成矿环境是一个低酸性的氧化-弱氧化环境。     

神农架石笋记录的近200年东亚季风变化及其ENSO响应

通过湖北省神农架永兴洞石笋(编号:YX92)230Th年龄和纹层计数年代学研究,建立了1788AD-1956AD时段年际分辨率石笋氧同位素序列。该序列δ18O值变化范围为-9.70‰~-7.87‰,最大振幅约达1.83‰,呈现显著的年代际尺度振荡旋回特征。功率谱分析结果揭示存在显著的60~70年准周期信号。该记录与同区域和尚洞石笋δ18O曲线具有很好的重现性,说明其可能受控于共同的气候因子,指示了东亚夏季风大尺度环流特征。将石笋重建的东亚夏季风指标与全印度夏季降水量指示的印度夏季风指数对比,结果显示两者在年代际旋回特征上具有很好的相似性,但是呈反相位关系。进一步与ENSO指数对比,发现东亚夏季风年代际尺度变化与ENSO存在密切联系,表现为东亚夏季风增强,对应于ENSO暖期,反之亦然。因此,东亚季风与印度季风在年代际尺度上的反相位关系可能源于两者对ENSO机制的不同响应。     

A spectroscopic study of DD UMa: Ursa Major group member and candidate for BRITE

The Ursa Major group is a nearby stellar supercluster which, while not gravitationally bound, is defined by co-moving members. DD UMa is a δ Scuti star whose membership in the Ursa Major group is unclear.The objective of this study is to confirm the membership of DD UMa in the Ursa Major group, as well as perform a detailed spectral analysis of the star. Since DD UMa is a low-amplitude δ Scuti star, we performed a frequency analysis. We determined fundamental parameters, chemical abundances, and derive a mass and age for the star.For this study we observed DD UMa at the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory with the high-resolution spectrograph HIDES, between the 27th of February and the 4th March, 2009. Additional observations were extracted from the ELODIE archive in order to expand our abundance analysis. Group membership of DD UMa was assessed by examining the velocity of the star in Galactic coordinates. Pulsational frequencies were determined by examining line profile variability in the HIDES spectra. Stellar fundamental parameters and chemical abundances were derived by fitting synthetic spectra to both the HIDES and ELODIE observations.DD UMa is found to be a member of the extended stream of the Ursa Major group, based on the space motion of the star. This is supported by the chemical abundances of the star being consistent with those of Ursa Major group members. The star is found to be chemically solar, with T_eff = 7450 ± 150 K and logg = 3.98 ± 0.2. We found pulsational frequencies of 9.4 and 15.0 c/d. While these frequencies are insufficient to perform an asteroseismic study, DD UMa is a good bright star candidate for future study by the BRITE-constellation.     

Zn_(1.5)PW_(12)O_(40)纳米管催化臭氧氧化苯胺的实验

自行合成了Zn1.5PW12O40纳米管催化剂,在臭氧体系中进行了催化氧化苯胺的实验。通过对苯胺的降解考察了Zn1.5PW12O40纳米管催化剂的催化性能,利用GC/MS对催化反应的途径和机理进行研究,并通过重复实验验证催化剂的回收利用效果。结果发现:在Zn1.5PW12O40的催化下,臭氧对苯胺降解效果有明显的提高,在8 min之内去除率可由单独氧化时的85%提高到99%;其臭氧氧化机理以羟基自由基为主,催化剂的重复利用性较好。     

Changes to depositional palaeoenvironments within the Qikou depression (Bohaiwan Basin,China): carbon and oxygen isotopes in lacustrine carbonates of the Palaeogene Shahejie Formation

This paper reports the carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of lacustrine carbonate sediments from the Palaeogene Shahejie Formation, Qikou depression, Bohaiwan Basin, with the aim of determining the palaeoenvironmental conditions in the region. Results from Es₂, the second member of the Shahejie Formation, showed values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O from –1.2‰ to +2.4‰ (average +0.6‰) and from –6.8‰ to –4.7‰ (average –5.7‰), respectively, suggesting a relatively hot climate attending deposition. The slightly closed nature of the lake, which contains brackish water, resulted in higher carbonate δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values than in a meteoric environment. The values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O preserved within the carbonates of the overlying lower Shahejie I (Es₁) varied between +1.3‰ and +4.9‰ (average +3.2‰) and from ?4.4‰ to ?1.8‰ (average ?3.1‰), respectively, indicating that the climate became colder at that time. Subsequently, a marine transgression caused the salinity of the lake water to increase. The values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O were controlled by salinity. The high δ¹³C values were also influenced by the rapid burial of the lake organisms and by algal photosynthesis. Values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O from carbonates in upper Es₁ ranged from ?8.0‰ to +11.0‰ (average +10.1‰) and from ?5.0‰ to ?1.5‰ (average ?3.4‰), respectively, indicating a slight increase in the temperature over time. In the closed and reducing environment, extremes in δ¹³C values resulted from biochemical fermentation. The positive δ¹³C excursion recorded in the carbonates of the Shahejie Formation in the Qikou depression indicates that the palaeoclimate underwent a significant transformation during the Eocene and the Oligocene.