青藏高原中部各拉丹冬峰雪冰记录特征

2005年10~11月在青藏高原唐古拉山脉各拉丹冬峰冰川区不同海拔采集了3个雪坑样品,分析结果表明,雪坑中δ¹⁸O和主要离子浓度具有明显的季节变化特征.夏季风期间降水中δ¹⁸O低于其它季节,表明该地区夏季δ¹⁸O的"降水量效应"仍然存在.雪坑中主要离子在非季风期的浓度高于夏季风期.主要离子的相关分析表明,除NH₄⁺、NO₃^-外,雪坑中其它离子浓度之间均存在较好的正相关性.各拉丹冬峰冰川区仍受到南亚季风的影响,但因其位于夏季风影响的边缘区域,其影响程度相对于高原南部较弱;同时也受到大陆性气候的影响,在冬春季节具有较高的粉尘气溶胶沉降.     

贵州省赫章县五里坪钼(铅锌)矿地质特征及成因浅析

贵州省赫章五里坪钼(铅锌)矿床是贵州省地矿局113地质队在80年代发现的一种新类型的钼(铅锌)矿床。该矿床属热液型多金属矿床,矿体产于石炭系下统摆佐组白云岩与上司组炭质粘土岩形成的层间破碎带和层间软弱带中,呈层状、似层状产出,矿体中除主要的钼(铅锌)元素外,其中的伴生元素镓、锗、银含量均较高,已达综合利用要求,具较好的开发利用价值。     

高精度稳定锶同位素分析方法综述

近年来稳定Sr同位素在同位素地球化学领域越来越受到重视,在表生地球化学、古环境、考古学、地球内生作用及陨石等方面研究都取得了重要成果,这得益于高精度稳定Sr同位素分析方法的发展。文章总结了δ88/86Sr分析方法的关键技术要素。在化学提纯方面,文献中广泛使用Sr特效树脂,用离子交换法实现Sr元素的分离提纯,但Sr特效树脂价格昂贵,且具有难以消除的记忆效应,建议用阳离子树脂代替;在质谱分析方面,主要使用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱（MCICP-MS）和热电离质谱（TIMS）进行测量,MC-ICP-MS测量具有比TIMS更高的测量效率,但是测量精度略低;对于质量歧视校正,目前使用较为广泛的方法有标样—样品间插法、Zr元素外部校正法以及双稀释剂法,其中双稀释剂法具有较高的测量精度,但在MC-ICP-MS上应用的相关研究较少。目前还缺乏对国际标准样品的δ88/86Sr的详细对比。因此,优化分析流程、提高测量精度以及更多标准样品δ88/86Sr的测定是需要加强的工作。     

Late Holocene record of environmental changes,cyclones and tsunamis in a coastal lake,Mangaia, Cook Islands

A 4.3 m‐long peat sequence from the shore of Lake Tiriara, Mangaia, Cook Islands, was analyzed using an ITRAX core scanner equipped with a magnetic susceptibility meter. Variations in the elemental profiles, providing insights into long‐ and short‐term environmental changes over the last 3500 years, are supported by grain size data and diatom assemblages. The scattering ratio (Mo Inc/Mo Coh) was evaluated and found to represent a good proxy for organic matter in peat. X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) data were processed by principal component analysis that confirmed the distinction of biogenic and detrital phases, organic matter and elements of marine origin. The record preserved in the peat sequence includes a peatland infilling stage followed by alternating drier and wetter periods. A notable steady increase in clay associated with high counts of detrital elements from 2000–1700 cal yr BP is attributed to increased erosion, which is most probably linked with human colonization and/or more intense chemical weathering linked with a wetter climate. Freshwater gastropods (Melanoides sp.), which were possibly introduced by humans, or are native, occupied the wetland during a period of lower water level about 1000–1100 cal yr BP. Short‐term changes in the elemental profiles are often linked with slight coarsening of the inorganic fraction that is, however, only revealed after grain size analysis. Peaks in marine indicators (Br, Cl, S, and/or Ca) associated with marine‐dominated diatom assemblages most probably represent marine incursions through the underground tunnel in the makatea, a fossilized, uplifted coral limestone rim. While none of the marine event units present characteristics typical of cyclone or tsunami deposits, the concurrent or absent peak of detrital elements (Fe, Si, Rb, Ti, K) attributed to increased erosion of the volcanic cone associated with a cyclone is used to distinguish both types of events, as also suggested by principal component analysis.     

Lignin phenols used to infer organic matter sources to Sepetiba Bay – RJ,Brasil

Lignin phenols were measured in the sediments of Sepitiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and in bedload sediments and suspended sediments of the four major fluvial inputs to the bay; São Francisco and Guandu Channels and the Guarda and Cação Rivers. Fluvial suspended lignin yields (Σ8 3.5–14.6 mgC 10 g dw⁻¹) vary little between the wet and dry seasons and are poorly correlated with fluvial chlorophyll concentrations (0.8–50.2 μgC L⁻¹). Despite current land use practices that favor grassland agriculture or industrial uses, fluvial lignin compositions are dominated by a degraded leaf-sourced material. The exception is the Guarda River, which has a slight influence from grasses. The Lignin Phenol Vegetation Index, coupled with acid/aldehyde and 3.5 Db/V ratios, indicate that degraded leaf-derived phenols are also the primary preserved lignin component in the bay. The presence of fringe Typha sp. and Spartina sp. grass beds surrounding portions of the Bay are not reflected in the lignin signature. Instead, lignin entering the bay appears to reflect the erosion of soils containing a degraded signature from the former Atlantic rain forest that once dominated the watershed, instead of containing a significant signature derived from current agricultural uses. A three-component mixing model using the LPVI, atomic N:C ratios, and stable carbon isotopes (which range between –26.8 and –21.8‰) supports the hypothesis that fluvial inputs to the bay are dominated by planktonic matter (78% of the input), with lignin dominated by leaf (14% of the input) over grass (6%). Sediments are composed of a roughly 50–50 mixture of autochthonous material and terrigenous material, with lignin being primarily sourced from leaf.     

The genesis of Pb‐Zn sulphide occurrences in the Lower Devonian Buchan Group,Victoria

Six minor sulphide occurrences hosted by the Lower Devonian Buchan Group have been investigated. Sulphide minerals and associated phases are hosted by both dolostone and limestone lithologies along stylolitized bedding planes, cross‐cutting fractures, low angle minor faults and in cavities. Mineralization was closely associated with minor structures of inferred Tabberabberan age (Middle Devonian), which it appears to have post‐dated, but was largely strata‐bound in nature. The mineralogy of the occurrences is simple and characterized by the following generalized paragenesis which reflects the increasing oxidation state and pH of the mineralizing fluids: pyrite (pseudomorphous after marcasite)‐galena ± sphalerite ± pyrite‐dolomite ± barite‐calcite ± fluorite ± dolomite.

The sulphur isotope composition of sulphide minerals varies from ‐32.1 to +4.1‰, with iron and base metal sulphide minerals forming two distinct populations around ‐25‰ and 0‰, respectively. A single barite sample gives a sulphur isotope composition of +22.4‰, which is similar to that estimated for Early Devonian seawater. Fluid inclusions in fluorite and calcite homogenize at temperatures in the range 160 to 212° C and have average salinities of approximately 10 wt% NaCI eq. Sphalerite contains up to 1.81 wt% iron which correlates with colour, and up to 1.43 wt% cadmium. The Pb isotopic pattern of galena suggests a source region with U/Pb(= μ) lower than the crustal average, and a high Th/U.

A genetic hypothesis is proposed which involves the circulation of saline fluids through the Snowy River Volcanics, which directly underlie the Buchan Group, during or at some time after the Tabberabberan Orogeny. Although the Buchan occurrences show features characteristic of both Mississippi Valley‐type and stratiform ore deposits, they are most directly comparable to the epigenetic zones of Irish carbonate‐hosted base‐metal deposits. However, Pb‐Zn sulphide mineralization at Buchan appears to have been associated with minor compressional structures, suggesting that a simple correlation with the Irish deposits is not directly applicable.     

西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿床矽卡岩矿物特征及其意义

西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿床是冈底斯北缘一个重要的层状或似层状矽卡岩矿床,来姑组为矿床的主要容矿层位。矿区矽卡岩矿物主要有硅灰石、辉石、石榴石、透闪石、阳起石、绿帘石和绿泥石等。根据矿物的共生组合及交代关系,推断矿床经历了4个成矿阶段：早期矽卡岩阶段、晚期矽卡岩阶段、石英-硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段。结合矿物手标本及显微镜下观察,通过对矽卡岩矿物的电子探针测试,分析石榴石、辉石和硅灰石的矿物特征,结果表明：西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿床属钙质矽卡岩矿床,石榴石和辉石的组分变化较大,分别为And599~9472Gro0~3787(Pyr+Spe+Alm)087~678和Di1885~9444Hd339~7058Jo009~1114,硅灰石的矿物组分为Wo9900~9944Fs037~078En007~023。石榴石属钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列,且环带发育,辉石为透辉石-钙铁辉石系列,硅灰石组分较纯。西藏蒙亚啊矽卡岩为钙质矽卡岩,其矿床在形成过程中经历了热液流体的多期多阶段演化,矿床形成环境也并不是稳定的封闭体系。矽卡岩矿物成分特征表明,蒙亚啊铅锌矿床的成矿环境是一个低酸性的氧化-弱氧化环境。     

灿烂弧菌粘附相关因子VsA的表达及功能研究

为了探究灿烂弧菌中 Zn2+转运系统的细胞周质组分 VsA 的表达与功能,本实验采用 PCR 克隆 vsA 基因,实时荧光定量测定 vsA 基因的表达,利用抗体封闭实验研究 VsA 蛋白的功能。生物信息学分析表明 VsA 具有结合和转运 Zn2+的结构基础。实时荧光定量结果表明,vsA 的表达受 Zn2+调控,且具有浓度依赖性,0.01 mmol/L 的 Zn2+可使 vsA 的表达量下调至对照组的0.5倍,而添加等摩尔量的 Cu2+、Fe3+、Mg2+和 Ca2+对 vsA 的表达无明显影响。而 0.1 滋mol/L Zn2+则会诱导 vsA 的表达。此外,在大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli BL21 （DE3） 中进行了 VsA 的重组表达,制备了 VsA 的小鼠多克隆抗体。利用抗体封闭 VsA 蛋白可导致灿烂弧菌在 Zn2+限制条件下的生长受抑制,以及过氧化氢的能力和粘附效率的降低。本研究获得了灿烂弧菌的 vsA 基因,其表达受 Zn2+浓度调控,VsA 蛋白在灿烂弧菌生长、抗氧化以及粘附宿主细胞过程中发挥作用。     

大兴安岭西坡甲乌拉铜银铅锌矿床富碱花岗斑岩的成因及其地质意义:锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学特征

甲乌拉铜银铅锌矿床是大兴安岭西坡得尔布干铜(钼)-银铅锌成矿带内大型铅锌银矿床之一,长期以来被认为是与火山、次火山热液作用有关的浅成热液矿床;然而近期的研究显示,其成矿可能与深部细脉浸染型铜矿化有着密切的成因联系。为此,我们在野外调研的基础上,开展了与细脉浸染型铜矿化有关的富碱花岗斑岩的年代学和地球化学研究工作。实验结果揭示:花岗斑岩的w(SiO_2)为71.59%~72.36%,w(TiO_2)为0.46%~0.58%,w(Al2O3)为15.45%~15.92%,w(Fe_2O_3)为0.74%~0.90%,w(FeO)为1.67%~1.96%,w(MgO)为0.55%~0.89%,w(Na_2O+K_2O)为9.01%~9.91%,K2O/Na2O值为1.37~2.15,里特曼指数(σ)为2.77~3.43,碱度指数(AR)为3.13~3.96,指示该类岩石为钾玄岩系列、高钾质、过铝质的A型富碱花岗斑岩;稀土元素总量(∑REE)为(350.11~408.80)×10-6,轻重稀土比值(∑LREE/∑HREE)为11.25~11.44,δEu主要集中在0.38~0.44,具有较强的轻重稀土分馏和明显负铕异常、强烈亏损相容元素(Ni、Co、Cr、V、Yb、Eu等)、富集不相容元素(Cs、Rb、Pb、U、Th、Zr、Hf等)、相对亏损Li、Sr等不相容元素以及持有较高的Rb/Sr(0.93~1.31)、Zr/Hf(29.38~35.61)值等特征,揭示原始岩浆来源于以CO_2为主的流体交代下地壳部分重熔或以H2O为主的流体交代下地壳部分重熔,岩浆作用过程受到了强烈的碳酸盐混染,并具有提供铜银铅锌成矿流体的属性。鉴于所获该类岩石具有岩浆和热液锆石共伴生的特点,且岩浆锆石的206Pb/238 U年龄加权平均值为(146.4±1.6)Ma(MSWD=1.30,n=12)、热液锆石206Pb/238 U年龄加权平均值为(143.1±3.9)Ma(MSWD=0.56,n=5),结合前人的研究成果,得出甲乌拉矿床成矿发生在早白垩世初期,与成矿密切的岩浆作用发生在晚侏罗世末,并认证甲乌拉矿床为斑岩型铜-浅成热液铜银铅锌成矿系统;成岩成矿地球动力学背景适值古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲的大陆内部挤压向伸展转换的构造环境,或蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合后造山带碰撞伸展的环境。     

内陆河流域系统降水中的稳定同位素——乌鲁木齐河流域降水中δ18O与温度关系研究

研究了乌鲁木齐河流域从下游乌鲁木齐站、中游跃进桥站和源头大西沟站降水中稳定同位素 与温度的关系,揭示了内陆河流域系统降水中稳定同位素的变化规律．在乌鲁木齐河流域,降水中 的δ18O随海拔增高而减小,δ18O与温度有密切的正相关关系,说明δ18O是温度的可靠指标．在乌鲁 木齐河流域,局地性降水的增加影响单个降水事件中δ18O与温度的关系．在跃进桥站和大西沟站, 因局地性降水增加,所以单个降水事件中δ18O与温度的关系较乌鲁木齐站差．但在月平均以上时间 尺度上．跃进桥站和大西沟站δ18O与温度的关系反比乌鲁木齐站好．说明越往冰川区．δ18O对温度 反映越敏感．