Carbon and strontium isotopes and global correlation of Cambrian Series 2-Series 3 carbonate rocks in the Keping area of the northwestern Tarim Basin, NW China

One hundred and ten carbon and nineteen strontium isotopic values of outcropping Cambrian Series 2 and Series 3 carbonate rocks in the Penglaiba section of the Keping area were analyzed. Effective isotopic data with little influence of diagenesis were used to address the global correlation. The δ¹³C values exhibit two major positive excursions (peaking at 3.1‰ and 3.3‰) and three major negative excursions (peaking at −3.0‰, −4.2‰ and −3.2‰). The carbon isotope excursions (peaking at −3.0‰ and −4.2‰) across the Cambrian Series 2-Series 3 boundary show good correlations with similar variations reported in Siberia, Laurentia, North China and South China. In contrast, the other three carbon isotope excursions (peaking at 3.1‰, 3.3‰ and −3.2‰) do not have a fairly good global correlation because of the lack of biostratigraphic data. With respect to the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, they show good correlation with those reported for Laurentia, and further support the global δ¹³C comparison. On the basis of these new data, it is showed that the combination of δ¹³C curves and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr variations serves as a powerful tool for correlation and subdivision of Cambrian strata in the Tarim Basin of northwest China, and provides new data for global correlation.     

应用稳定碳氮同位素分析法研究广东流沙湾海域白腹小沙丁鱼的营养级

对2008年5—11月采集的广东流沙湾海域白腹小沙丁鱼（Sardinellaclupeoides）进行稳定碳、氮同位素比值的测定,分析比较了5个不同体长组的差异,并以此为基础推算其营养级．结果表明,流沙湾白腹小沙丁鱼的δ^13C值变化范围为一17．61％。一15．99％。,平均值为一16．59‰,与浮游动物的δ^13C均值（一17．27％0）较为相近．其6”N值变化范围为12．73％。～15．26％0,平均值为14．03％0,比浮游动物的6”N均值（10．56％0）高出3．47％0．5个体长组的8¨c、8”N平均值没有随着体长的增大而增大．由δ15N值推算出广东流沙湾海域白腹小沙丁鱼的营养级范围为2．24～3．25,平均值为2．76,符合其主要摄食浮游动物的食性．     

中国东部南北样带森林生态系统WUE和NUE空间格局及驱动因子(英文)

From July 2008 to August 2008, 72 leaf samples from 22 species and 81 soil samples in the nine natural forest ecosystems were collected, from north to south along the North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC). Based on these samples, we studied the geographical distribution patterns of vegetable water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and analyzed their relationship with environmental factors. The vegetable WUE and NUE were calculated through the measurement of foliar δ 13C and C/N of predominant species, respectively. The results showed: (1) vegetable WUE, ranging from 2.13 to 28.67 mg C g-1 H2O, increased linearly from south to north in the representative forest ecosystems along the NSTEC, while vegetable NUE showed an opposite trend, increasing from north to south, ranging from 12.92 to 29.60 g C g-1 N. (2) Vegetable WUE and NUE were dominantly driven by climate and significantly affected by soil nutrient factors. Based on multiple stepwise regression analysis, mean annual temperature, soil phosphorus concentration, and soil nitrogen concentration were responding for 75.5% of the variations of WUE (p<0.001). While, mean annual precipitation and soil phosphorus concentration could explain 65.7% of the change in vegetable NUE (p<0.001). Moreover, vegetable WUE and NUE would also be seriously influenced by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in nitrogen saturated ecosystems. (3) There was a significant trade-off relationship between vegetable WUE and NUE in the typical forest ecosystems along the NSTEC (p<0.001), indicating a balanced strategy for vegetation in resource utilization in natural forest ecosystems along the NSTEC. This study suggests that global change would impact the resource use efficiency of forest ecosystems. However, vegetation could adapt to those changes by increasing the use efficiency of shortage resource while decreasing the relatively ample one. But extreme impacts, such as heavy nitrogen deposition, would break this trade-off mechanism and give a dramatic disturbance to the ecosystem biogeochemical cycle.     

一维条码识别系统的设计与实现

一维条码识别系统是服务于手机识别系统的后台处理程序.系统完成对手机拍摄到的条码图片进行滤波、阈值分割、二值化、上下边沿检测、码字识别等功能.系统不仅能对正常的条码(EAN-13码)图片进行正确识别,而且还能对受到轻度污染和残缺的图片进行识别.     

Sources of particulate and dissolved organic carbon in the St Lawrence River: isotopic approach

We investigate sources of both dissolved and particulate organic carbon in the St Lawrence River from its source (the Great Lakes outlet) to its estuary, as well as in two of its tributaries. Special attention is given to seasonal interannual patterns by using data collected on a bi‐monthly basis from mid‐1998 to mid‐2003. δ¹³C measurements in dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC), as well as molar C : N in particulate organic matter (POM), are used to bring insight into the dynamic between aquatic versus terrigenous sources. In addition, ¹⁴C activities of DOC were measured at the outlet of the St Lawrence River to its estuary to assess a mean age of the DOC exported to the estuary. In the St Lawrence River itself, aquatically produced POC dominates terrestrially derived POC and is depleted in ¹³C by approximately 12‰ versus dissolved CO₂. In the Ottawa River, the St Lawrence River's most important tributary, the present dataset did not allow for convincing deciphering of POC sources. In a small tributary of the St Lawrence River, aquatically produced POC dominates in summer and terrestrially derived POC dominates in winter. DOC seems to be dominated by terrestrially derived organic matter at all sampling sites, with some influence of DOC derived from aquatically produced POC in summer in the St Lawrence River at the outlet of the Great Lakes and in one of its small tributaries. The overall bulk DOC is relatively recent (¹⁴C generally exceeding 100% modern carbon) in the St Lawrence River at its outlet to the estuary, suggesting that it derives mainly from recent organic matter from topsoils in the watershed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南沙群岛现代滨珊瑚骨骼Sr/Ca、δ18O和δ13C对极端高温事件响应

以南沙群岛永暑礁的现代滨珊瑚YSL24（生长时间为1985—1999年）与YSL2A（生长时间为1971—1999年）为材料,通过对其骨骼开展高分辨率的Sr/Ca、δ¹⁸O和δ¹³C分析,探讨其对极端高温事件的响应特征。有记录表明,1971—1999年,南海南部在1973、1983和1998年发生了极端高温事件,滨珊瑚骨骼Sr/Ca序列清楚地记录了这3次高温事件,其相应条带Sr/Ca周期数值显著低于序列其他年份。而δ¹⁸O对高温事件的响应不太明显,其原因可能与δ¹⁸O序列同时受温度和盐度变化的影响有关。δ¹³C在这3个高温年份均在夏季发生了异常负偏,应该是由高温胁迫下共生藻光合作用强度下降所致。因此,珊瑚骨骼的Sr/Ca和δ¹³C对南沙群岛高温胁迫具有明显的响应,可作为记录过去白化事件的可靠指标。     

定向钻井技术引领 聚焦深地深海探测——勘探技术所“十三五”科技创新回顾及“十四五”业务展望

全面总结了中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所“十三五”期间在定向钻井技术及仪器、深部钻探技术与装备、海洋钻探技术与装备等方面取得的重要成果,主要包括：创新突破定向水平井钻井及中靶技术,助力海域天然气水合物第二轮试采实现了从“探索性试采”向“试验性试采”的重大跨越;牵头实施完成“松科2井”重大科学钻探工程,实现了理论、技术、工程、装备的重大突破;成功研发了首套国产深海井口吸力锚,解决了深海浅软地层井口支撑力不足的难题。同时,分析了目前存在的问题,并结合当前所面临的挑战,对“十四五”期间的业务发展进行了展望。     

南海北部神狐海域现代沉积物正构脂肪酸来源:加权平均碳同位素的建立与应用

对南海北部神狐海域表层沉积物中脂肪酸组分进行了分析,检测到的总正构脂肪酸含量为1.80~10.16μg/g(μg脂肪酸/g干沉积物),碳数分布为C12—C32,呈偶奇优势分布,以C16和C18为主峰碳。将90cm以上层位样品进行归一化,建立加权平均碳同位素讨论正构脂肪酸来源,结果表明,短链脂肪酸(n-C14~18)具有较正的碳同位素组成(加权平均为-26.7‰^-28.2‰),反映了化学自养细菌来源;大部分长链脂肪酸(n-C21~23,nC25,n-C29~32)具有偏负的碳同位素组成(加权平均为-29.6‰^-34.1‰),反映了陆源C3高等植物来源;而另外的长链脂肪酸(n-C24&n-C26~28)和n-C19~20中链脂肪酸(加权平均碳同位素为-26.1‰^-29.3‰)则可能反映了混合来源输入。沉积物75~80cm层位陆源输入和海洋输入含量达到最低,可能和Younger Dryas冷期旋回事件有关。     

13C‐rich marbles from the Proterozoic Einasleigh metamorphics,northern Queensland

Four samples of dolomitic marble from the Proterozoic Einasleigh Metamorphics of northern Queensland contain unusually high δ¹³C (5.1 to 5.9‰ PDB). A hyper‐saline depositional and diagenetic environment for these rocks adequately explains the available field and chemical evidence, and the heavy carbon signature.     

高精度硅同位素分析方法研究进展

基于碱熔法的改进和多接收电感耦合等离子质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）的发展,近年来高精度Si同位素组成（δ30Si）分析方法取得了长足进步,分析精度（2SD）自气体质谱仪（GS-MS）时代的±0.15‰~±0.30‰ 提高到优于±0.10‰,足以辨析高温过程中Si同位素发生的微小分馏,并且避免了实验流程中使用含氟等危险化学品。二次离子质谱（SIMS）和飞秒激光剥蚀（fs LA）的发展使得原位Si同位素组成分析精度近期也优化到±0.10‰~±0.22‰。文章对近年来Si同位素分析方法的发展沿革进行综述,探讨建立溶液法MC-ICP-MS的高精度Si同位素分析方法的进展与局限,并比对了国内外各个实验室已发表国际国内Si同位素标准物质测定值,最后总结了硅酸盐地球（BSE）、地壳和陨石等主要地质储库的δ30Si组成范围。