Geology and Genesis of the Ta'ergou Skarn - Quartz Vein Tungsten Deposit in the North Qilian Caledonian Orogenic Belt, Northwest China

Abstract. The Ta'ergou tungsten deposit in Gansu province, northwestern China, is located in the western part of the North Qilian Caledonian orogen, and consists of scheelite skarn bodies and wolframite quartz veins. The tungsten‐bearing skarn developed by the replacement of carbonate layers intercalated in the Precambrian schist and amphibolite whereas wolframite‐quartz ore veins developed along a group of fractures that cut through horizontal skarns. The Ta'ergou tungsten deposit is genetically related to the Caledonian Yeniutan granodiorite intrusion and occurs ca. 500 m wide in the exo‐contact zone 300 ～ 500 m apart from the intrusion. The granodiorite displays a lower grade of differentiation, low content of SiO₂ and high contents of mafic components. There are three types of fluid inclusions in the wolframite‐quartz vein systems, i. e. aqueous, CO₂‐H₂O and CO₂‐rich. The homogenization temperature of aqueous inclusion ranges from 140 to 380d?C and their salinities from 6.4 to 17.4 equivalent wt% NaCl. Laser Raman spectroscopy shows that the inclusions contain a relatively high content of CO₂. The δ³⁴S values of skarn type sulfides range from +8.1 to +12.7 per mil and those of quartz vein sulfides from +9.3 to +14.9 per mil, similar to sulfides of the granodiorite with from +6.0 to +11.7 per mil. The δ¹⁸O values of quartz are between +10.5 and +13.3 per mil and those of wolframite between +3.4 and +5.1 per mil. The δ¹⁸O water values of ore forming fluids range from +0.6 to +6.4 per mil and suggest the mixture of magmatic fluids with meteoric water formed the ore‐forming fluids. It has been proved that Precambrian strata in the west sector of North Qilian region are enriched in tungsten. We propose the strata were remelted to be tungsten‐granitoid during subduction. The polymetallic tungsten was gradually accumulated into the roof pendants of the granite intrusion by fractional crystallization and then was deposited by hydrothermal fluids during metasomatism and infilling along fractures. On the other hand, the granite intrusion also acted as “heating machine” to make hydrothermal fluids leach out the metals from Precambrian strata and these metals joined the ore‐forming hydrothermal system.     

内蒙古东乌旗沙麦钨矿床的成矿时代

内蒙古东乌旗沙麦钨矿位于贺根山断裂带以北的兴蒙造山系二连-东乌旗弧盆带内,为岩浆期后高温热液黑钨矿石英脉型矿床。采用黑钨矿Sm-Nd同位素分析获得黑钨矿的形成年龄为137.9±1.7Ma,采用TIMS锆石U-Pb同位素定年获得赋矿黑云母花岗岩的形成年龄为139.1±0.93Ma,据此提出,沙麦钨矿床的形成时代为燕山晚期,这与区域上大兴安岭西坡主要金属矿床的形成年龄数据相吻合。黑钨矿的初始ε_(Nd)值为正值,与中亚造山带内大量花岗岩的εNd值均为正值的特点相一致,表明其来源于亏损地幔源。     

Zircon U–Pb and Wolframite Sm–Nd Dating of the Bayinsukhtu Tungsten Deposit in Southern Mongolia and its Geological Significance

The Bayinsukhtu tungsten deposit is a newly discovered quartz‐vein tungsten deposit in the Xing'an–Mongolia Orogenic Belt (XMOB) in southern Mongolia, hosted by the Bayinsukhtu granite porphyry. The granite porphyry is located mainly south of the study area, over 3 km². The rock consists of quartz and feldspar phenocrysts in a fine‐grained matrix, also mainly composed of feldspar and quartz. The granite porphyry samples demonstrate high SiO₂ and high alkalinity. All samples also straddle the high‐potassium calc‐alkaline series. In a plot of the molar ratios of A/NK versus A/CNK, the granites are metaluminous. The chondrite‐normalized REE patterns are characterized by large negative Eu anomalies and fractionated LREEs. The U–Pb age of zircons from the granite porphyry is 298.8 ± 1.8 Ma, and the Sm–Nd age of the five wolframite samples from the tungsten deposit is 303 ± 19 Ma. The cooling age of the granite porphyry and tungsten mineralization is within the error of measurement and is of the Late Carboniferous age. Geological and geochronological evidence shows that the tungsten mineralization and the granite porphyry at Bayinsukhtu are genetically closely related and that they are results of Carboniferous magmatism. Their tectonic setting is related to the accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt during the late Paleozoic era.     

黑钨矿类质同象系列的红外光谱研究

本文是对黑钨矿类质同象系列研究的一个组成部分。测试结果表明在中红外区及远红外区的某些吸收谱带,其频率和强度的变化与黑钨矿中两端员组份FeWO_4和MnWO_4的相对含量有良好的线性相关关系。文中给出了频率变化的相关方程和相关图,并讨论了频率位移和强度变化的内部机制。     

利用X射线粉晶衍射和电感耦合等离子体质谱法研究江西西华山钨矿床中黑钨矿的矿物学特征及指示意义

目前针对江西大型黑钨矿石英脉型钨矿床西华山的黑钨矿矿物学特征及指示意义研究较少。本文利用X射线粉晶衍射分析和电感耦合等离子体质谱分析技术对黑钨矿晶体结构、化学成分特征及空间变化规律开展研究。获得黑钨矿晶胞参数为a0=0.477 nm,b0=0.573 nm,c0=0.498 nm,β=90°21',属于锰钨铁矿,与前人得出的黑钨矿晶胞参数略有不同,代表不同元素对铁锰的类质同象替代。主要化学成分WO3、Fe O、Mn O的含量在空间上具有一定的变化规律,反映了成矿物质的运移特征。微量元素Sc、Y、Nb、Ta在垂向含量变化大,说明矿液运移具有复杂性。稀土总量ΣREEs较高(397.16×10-6~1071.11×10-6),具有强烈的Eu负异常,具重稀土富集左倾的"躺椅式"球粒陨石标准化配分模式。将西华山、盘古山、淘锡坑、大吉山4个典型矿床的黑钨矿稀土元素特征进行对比,反映产在花岗岩内接触带的黑钨矿的稀土总量(ΣREEs)相对最高,分馏最明显;产在花岗岩内及其外接触带的黑钨矿的稀土总量(ΣREEs)相对较低,分馏程度最不明显;而产在花岗岩外接触带的黑钨矿的稀土总量(ΣREEs)有高有低,分馏程度有强有弱。因此,黑钨矿的化学成分变化特征,可以有效地指示成矿物质空间运移特征、物质来源和矿床成因。     

瑶岭钨矿区寒武纪地层特征对寻找石英脉型黑 钨矿的指示意义

瑶岭钨矿由北矿区、东矿区和白基寨矿区3个矿区组成,其中北矿区是主要生产矿区,以石英脉型黑钨矿为主.在对北矿区大比例尺填图过程中,我们发现矿区地表地层单一,主要为寒武纪沉积的变质砂岩和板岩.针时这种情况,我们采用土壤地球化学测量、物探磁法测量、钻探等工程方法对寒武纪地层进行研究,综合分析了矿区地质特征、地球物理磁法特征及地球化学特征在对矿脉水平分布、矿脉垂直分布、蚀变矿物因素、构造因素、热接触因素和成矿因素的外在表现,从而建立起矿区寒武纪地层对矿化的指示体系表,并指出瑶岭钨矿北区深部和东南部有很大的找矿潜力,是值得继续找矿的有利目标地段.     

江西东坪石英脉型黑钨矿矿床地质特征、控矿因素及找矿标志

东坪钨矿床是近年在赣北地区新发现的首个超大型石英脉型黑钨矿矿床,位于长江中下游成矿带幕阜山地区东坪-香炉山钨矿找矿远景区东部。矿床赋矿层位为新元古代双桥山群安乐林组浅变质岩系,北东向断裂及其两侧的次级裂隙为区内主要控矿构造、容矿构造,隐伏的燕山晚期黑云母二长花岗岩为成矿岩体,与区内钨多金属成矿关系密切的为石英脉状硅化;两个矿带的钨矿体均产于成矿岩体外接触带,呈现了石英脉型黑钨矿矿床典型的"五层楼"分带特征,矿石工业类型主要为黑钨矿矿石;明确了构造和岩浆岩等主要控矿因素;总结出地表微细裂隙云英岩化-黄铁矿化蚀变带、含硫化物石英细脉带、石英脉、重砂及地球化学异常为区内主要找矿标志。     

赣南西华山黑钨矿中熔融包裹体的发现和初步研究

文中概述了西华山黑钨矿中熔融包裹体的一些基本特征和初步测定结果,并提供了相关照片。文中还分析了存在这种包裹体的可能性以及它与普通水溶液包裹体或偶然捕获的流体＋晶体等异常包裹体的区别。     

He–Ar Isotope Composition of Pyrite and Wolframite in the Tieshanlong Tungsten Deposit,Jiangxi, China: Implications for Fluid Evolution

The Tieshanlong tungsten‐polymetallic deposit is a large wolframite deposit of quartz vein type located in southern Jiangxi, South China. It is genetically related to a high‐K S‐type granite. Seven pyrite and two wolframite samples, selected for He and Ar isotope analyses, yielded ³He/⁴He values of 0.04–0.98 Ra, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios of 293.5–368.0, and ³⁸Ar/³⁶Ar ratios of 0.176–0.193. These data indicate that the ore‐forming fluids associated with the deposit did not result from a simple mixing of the crustal‐ and mantle‐derived end‐member fluids, but that primeval meteoric fluids were also involved in the generation of the associated granitic magma by partial melting of crustal metasedimentary rocks. Further investigations show that only minimal He from the mantle was added during generation of the associated granitic magma. It is postulated that boiling and second mixing with “new” meteoric fluids took place during migration of magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids into wall‐rock fractures, resulting in a drastic decrease of their metal transport capacity, which triggered the tungsten‐polymetallic mineralization.     

多罗山钨矿床黑钨矿晶体形貌学研究

简要论述了典型热液裂隙充填钨—铋—钼石英脉矿床地质及其以黑钨矿—辉铋矿—辉钼矿为主的矿物组合纵向逆分带现象。重点测量研究了黑钨矿晶体的宏观形态特征和微形貌,及其成因演化机制。以现代光学微分干涉(DIC)显微镜观察测量了黑钨矿端面(102)等的螺旋生长及[010]晶带等的层生长现象。提出黑钨矿晶体的螺—层混合生长概念。