Interpretation of subhorizontal crustal reflections by metamorphic and rheologic effects in the eastern part of the Pannonian Basin

The geologic origin of subhorizontal reflections, often observed in crustal seismic sections, was investigated by establishing metamorphic facies and strength of rocks in depth, and correlating these properties to seismic reflection sections from eastern Hungary. Estimation of the depths of metamorphic mineral stability zones utilized the principles developed by Fyfe et al. and known geothermal data of the area. The strength versus depth profile was derived by relating local seismic P -wave interval velocities to Meissner et al. 's activation energy. The results show that the series of subhorizontal reflections, observed in the Pannonian Basin, are a consequence of combined metamorphic and rheologic changes in depths. The synthesis of the integrated data set suggests that the retrograde alteration of the pre-Tertiary basement above the percolation threshold was made possible by the softening effect of shear zones and their water-conducting capacity. The subhorizontal reflections of highest energy, of the consolidated crust below the percolation threshold, originate in the depths of greenschist, amphibolite and granulite metamorphic mineral facies, which were formed in geothermal and pressure conditions similar to those existing today. These results imply the overprint of earlier (Variscan) metamorphic sequences of the crust by more recent retrograde metamorphic processes.     

单一滑面边坡的非稳定蠕变模型分析

对单一滑面边坡的非稳定蠕变分析是边坡稳定性研究的基础。文中对岩质边坡单一滑面的流变变形机制进行了分析，提出了一种能较好反映这一变形机制的非稳定蠕变模型。特别是描述单一滑面边坡的非稳定蠕变破坏阶段，并对其稳定性进行了讨论。结合一些工程实例进行了对比验证，为滑坡灾害的预测和防治提供依据。     

3-D rheologic model of earthquake preparation (II): Strain field and its applications

Introduction Based on the elastic theory of the hard inclusion (Dobrovolskii, 1991), we developed an inclusion theory of rheologic medium, and applied the results of bulk-strain field of a rheologic inclusion model to explain the spatial-temporal evolution process of earthquake precursors (SONG, et al, 2000). In the former paper (SONG, et al, 2003), we derived the viscoelastic displacement field of the rheologic inclusion model on the basis of the analytic expression of displacement field o…     

高浓度黏性泥石流堆积层理结构中筛积层和粗化层形成机理的研究

根据高浓度黏性泥石流的观测资料,应用不同类型黏性泥石流的流变特性和流体结构的分类指标-流核比,对高浓度黏性泥石流堆积中的混杂层、筛积层和粗化层理结构进行了成因差异分析。侧重分析了砾石质点在高浓度黏性泥石流蠕动流场中作向上垂直运动的魏森伯效应,并在表面富集形成了筛积层的成因,及其它与粗化层结构的区别。     

Stability and dynamics of the continental tectosphere

Continental cratons overlie thick, high-viscosity, thermal and chemical boundary layers, where the chemical boundary layers are less dense than they would be due to thermal effects alone, perhaps because they are depleted in basaltic constituents. If the continental tectosphere is the same age as the overlying Archaean crust, then the continental tectosphere must be able to survive for several billion years without undergoing a convective instability, despite being both cold and thick. Since platforms and shields correlate only weakly with Earth's gravity and geoid anomalies, acceptable models of the continental tectosphere must also satisfy this gravity constraint. We investigate the long-term stability of the continental tectosphere by carrying out a number of numerical convection experiments within a two-dimensional Cartesian domain. We initiate our experiments with a tectosphere (thermal and chemical boundary layers) immersed in a region of uniform composition, temperature, and viscosity, and consider the effects on the stability of the tectosphere of (1) activation energy (used to define the temperature dependence of viscosity), (2) compositional buoyancy, and (3) linear or non-linear rheology. The large lateral thermal gradients required to match oceanic and tectosphere structures initiate the dominant instability, a “drip” which develops at the side of the tectosphere and moves to beneath its center. High activation energies and high background viscosities restrict the amount and rate of entrainment. Compositional buoyancy does not significantly change the flow pattern. Rather, compositional buoyancy slows the destruction process somewhat and reduces the stress within the tectosphere. With a non-Newtonian rheology, this reduction in stress helps to stiffen the tectosphere. In these experiments, dynamical systems that adequately model the present ocean-continent structures have activation energy E*≥180 kJ mole⁻¹ — a value about one third the estimate of activation energy for olivine, E*≈520 kJ mole⁻¹. Although for E*≈520 kJ mole⁻¹, compositional buoyancy is not required for the tectosphere to survive, the joint application of longevity and gravity constraints allows us to reject all models not containing compositional buoyancy, and to predict that the ratio of compositional to thermal buoyancy within the continental tectosphere is approximately unity.     

用内蕴时间理论进行土流变本构方程研究

利用内蕴时间理论对土的流变性进行了理论研究。提出了在准三轴条件下土的流变本构方程 ,并且利用土的三轴流变试验结果对所得土流变本构方程进行了验证。验证结果表明用内蕴时间理论推导的土流变本构方程能很准确地描述土的流变性。     

高压超高压变质岩抬升—剥露的一种动力学机制分析

综述了高压超高压变质岩带的基本构造特征，认为运用体粘滞性流变学理论可以很好地解释高压超高压变质岩的发育过程及其抬升－剥露动力学机制。     

峡口高地应力软岩隧道施工监测及支护对策研究

针对高应力软岩公路隧道的特点,对湖北宜巴高速公路峡口隧道开展了地应力测试、隧洞收敛下沉、接触应力、结构受力等项目的监测工作。地应力测试结果表明,虽然隧洞埋深不大,但由于构造应力的存在,仍属于高地应力区。施工监测结果表明,高应力软岩隧道变形与结构受力具有明显的时空效应,与开挖方式、工作面距离以及支护时机密切相关。由于隧洞围岩软弱破碎,加之处于高应力作用下,在工作面通过后,岩体产生持续性的流变变形,导致隧洞产生挤压大变形和结构受力的持续增加,达到支护结构强度极限,最终导致围岩失稳和支护体系的失效。基于上述研究成果,提出了相应的高应力软岩大变形支护设计对策。研究成果为高应力软岩隧道变形与结构受力的时空效应性提供了监测数据支持,为峡口隧道的施工和支护设计提供了依据,对我国西部其他高应力软岩公路隧道的建设具有借鉴意义     

Thermal Structure and Rheology of the Upper Mantle beneath Guangdong and Hainan Provinces, China

１．Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｔｈｅｔｈｅｒｍａｌｓｔａｔｅａｎｄｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｔｈｅｕｐｐｅｒｍａｎｔｌｅａｒｅｏｆｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｉｎｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅｌｉｔｈｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ,ａｎｄｅｖｅｎｆｏｒｉｔｓ３ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｏｒ４ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｍａｐｐｉｎｇ（Ｏ’ＲｅｉｌｌｙａｎｄＧｒｉｆｆｉｎ,１９８５;Ｏ’Ｒｅｉｌｌｙｅｔａｌ．,１９９６;Ｘｕｅｔａｌ．１９９５;Ｘｕｅｔａｌ．,１９９…     

冻土区天然气水合物勘探低温钻井液理论与试验

天然气水合物是在特定的低温与高压条件下形成的产物。在天然气水合物勘探工作中,低温钻井液是获得天然气水合物真实样品的重要保证条件之一。低温钻井液应具有低的冰点、良好的抵制能力与良好的流动性。结合天然气水合物勘探工作的特点,在试验的基础上,对比分析了PAM、PHPA、PAC-141、Na-CMC与KHm的分子结构、官能团的种类与数量对钻井液的防塌能力和流动性的影响,得出了几种处理剂的耐低温能力大小的顺序为：PAC-141〈PHPA〈PAM〈Na-CMC〈KHm,为天然气水合物勘探中低温钻井液的配制与使用,奠定了重要的基础。