The peraluminous tonalite–monzogranite Port Mouton Pluton is a petrological, geochemical, structural, and geochronological anomaly among the many Late Devonian granitoid intrusions of the Meguma Lithotectonic Zone of southern Nova Scotia. The most remarkable structural feature of this pluton is a 4-km-wide zone of strongly foliated (040/subvertical) monzogranites culminating in a narrow (10–30 m), straight, zone of compositionally banded rocks that extends for at least 3 km along strike. The banded monzogranites consist of alternating melanocratic and leucocratic compositions that are complementary to the overall composition of that part of the pluton, suggesting an origin by mineral–melt and mineral–mineral sorting. Biotite and feldspar are strongly foliated in the plane of the compositional bands. These compositional variations and foliations originated by a process of segregation flow during shearing of the main magma with a crystallinity of 55–75%. Subsequent minor brittle fracturing of feldspars, twinning of microcline, development of blocky sub-grains in quartz, and kinking of micas demonstrate overprinting by a high-temperature deformation straddling the monzogranite solidus. Small folds and late sigmoidal dykes indicate dextral movement on the shear zone. This Port Mouton Shear Zone (PMSZ) is approximately co-linear with the only outcrops of Late Devonian mafic intrusions in the area, two of which are syn-plutonic with well-developed mingling textures in the marginal tonalite of the Port Mouton Pluton. Also closely co-linear with the mafic intrusions are a granitoid dyke that extends well beyond the outer contact of the Port Mouton Pluton, a swarm of large aligned angular xenolithic slabs, a zone of thin wispy schlieren banding, a large Be-bearing pegmatite, and a breccia pipe with abundant garnetiferous metapelitic xenoliths. In various ways, the shear zone may control all of these features. The Port Mouton Shear Zone is parallel to many other NE-trending faults and shear zones in the northern Appalachians, probably related to the docking of the Meguma Zone along the Cobequid–Chedabucto Fault system. 相似文献
A dolerite sill cutting slightly older basalt in west-central Sweden shows a strong chemical variation (54% < SiO2 < 73%) within a restricted area (< 100 × 100 m2). The linear correlation among almost all elements is extremely high; in addition, NdT is strongly correlated with the SiO2 content. Least-square hyperbolic-ratio and three-element ratio modelling (common denominator) suggests that most of the chemical variation is explained by mixing and/or micro-mingling. In all, we test 407 hyperbolas, of which 402 are fitted. The five ratio pairs, which could not be fitted to a hyperbola using a least-square fitting procedure, have the ratio Th / Eu in common. Testing the goodness of fit is problematic for hyperbolic distributions; for comparing purposes we sum the distances to chords approximating the hyperbola. Mobile and immobile elements behave similarly, suggesting that no elements are lost or added from outside the system. The data suggests that already the most mafic of the analysed rocks is a mixture of the ‘normal’ dolerite and a siliceous crustal rock. A mafic magma intruded into the base of the crust, where it fractionated resulting in a decreased Mg number. The magma was then contaminated with country rocks in an intermediate magma chamber due to country rock melting; during mixing/mingling almost no fractionation took place. The contaminated rock suggests the presence of a fluid phase. This was probably a prerequisite for country-rock melting. Enrichment in some incompatible elements suggests that besides major mixing/mingling a thermochemical separation process has affected the most felsic rock enriching it in light rare earths and Zr. 相似文献
On the Eastern Tauride Belt, the Cretaceous calc-alkaline Karamadazı Granitoid consists of quartz diorite containing mafic microgranular enclaves (MME) and leucocratic granite. The quartz diorite consists of plagioclase (An8-65), hornblende, biotite, K-feldspar, quartz, epidote and titanite. Subrounded MME in the quartz diorite are holocrystalline, fine-grained, quartz diorite to diorite in composition, and display a similar mineral assemblage to their host. Large crystals in MME and quartz diorite show various disequilibrium microstructures indicative of hybridization. Plagioclase crystals exhibit inverse, normal, and oscillatory zoning with maximum core-to-rim An content increase up to 38% in the enclave and 40% in the quartz diorite. Both hornblende and augite exhibit normal and reverse zoning even in the same sample. The new field, textural, mineral compositional, and geochemical evidence leads to the conclusion that MME could have formed through injection of successive pulses of basic magma into upward mobile magma chambers containing cooler, partially crystalline quartz diorite magma. The quartz diorites show similarity to high-Al TTG (tonalites–trondhjemites–granodiorites), with their high Na2O, Sr, LREE, and low Mg#, Cr, HREE contents, and are suggested to be produced by extensive interaction between the crustal and mantle-derived melts through mixing at depth. In contrast, leucogranites have geochemical characteristics distinct from the quartz diorites and MME, and are probably not involved in MME genesis. 相似文献
The Late-Proterozoic Bjerkreim–Sokndal layered intrusion (BKSK) is connected to a foliated, sheet-like igneous body (the Apophysis), that is a potential feeder for the BKSK magma chamber. Field, petrographical, geochemical and structural data are used to demonstrate that the Apophysis is a composite igneous body, constructed by coeval mafic to felsic magmas that were collected in a sub-vertical shear zone. Three liquid lines of descent are distinguished in the main Apophysis component (a felsic series, predominantly quartz mangeritic) and in coeval felsic rocks from the upper part of the BKSK. Minor mineralogical and geochemical discrepancies between these three trends are indicative of distinct sources and crustal contaminants, as well as slight differences in the differentiation mechanisms. Jotunitic to noritic cumulates or crystal-laden magmas, associated with their trapped melts, mingled with the felsic series in two distinct portions of the Apophysis. In one area, this association is dominated by a FTP (Fe–Ti–P-rich) jotunite, interpreted as an accumulation of pyroxenes + Fe – Ti oxides + apatite + plagioclase. In the second area, the melt dominates over the associated cumulate; it is a primitive (MgO-rich and K2O-poor) jotunite, that was also involved in the genesis of another igneous body in the vicinity of the Apophysis. Magma mixing, in addition to mingling, was also potentially important in the petrogenesis of some jotunite rocks. 相似文献
Roof-to-floor exposures of mid-Miocene plutons in tilt blocks south of Las Vegas, NV, reveal distinct but strongly contrasting magma chamber statigraphy. The Searchlight and Aztec Wash plutons are well-exposed, stratified intrusions that show a similar broad range in composition from 45–75 wt.% SiO2. Homogeneous granites that comprise about one-third of each intrusion are virtually identical in texture and elemental and isotopic chemistry. Mafic rocks that are present in both plutons document basaltic input into felsic magma chambers. Isotopic compositions suggest that mafic magmas were derived from enriched lithospheric mantle with minor crustal contamination, whereas more felsic rocks are hybrids that are either juvenile basaltic magma+crustal melt mixtures or products of anatexis of ancient crust+young (Mesozoic or Miocene?) mafic intraplate.
Despite general similarities, the two plutons differ markedly in dimensions and lithologic stratigraphy. The Searchlight pluton is much thicker (10 vs. 3 km) and has thick quartz monzonite zones at its roof and floor that are absent in the Aztec Wash pluton. Isotopic and elemental data from Searchlight pluton suggest that the upper and lower zones are cogenetic with the granite; we interpret the finer grained, slightly more felsic upper zone to represent a downward migrating solidification front and the lower zone to be cumulate. In contrast, the upper part of the Aztec Wash pluton is granite, and a heterogeneous, mafic-rich injection zone with distinct isotopic chemistry forms the lower two-thirds of the intrusion. Similar mafic rocks are relatively sparse in Searchlight pluton and do not appear to have played a central role in construction of the pluton. Large felsic and composite dikes that attest to repeated recharging and intrachamber magma transfer are common in the Aztec Wash pluton but absent in the Searchlight pluton. Thus, although both intrusions were filled by similar magmas and both developed internal stratification, the two intrusions evolved very differently. The distinctions may be attributable to scale and resulting longevity and/or to subtle differences in tectonic setting. 相似文献
A basaltic andesite lava flow from Porri Volcano (Salina, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) is composed of two different magmas. Magma
A (51 vol.% of crystals) has a dacitic glass composition, and magma B (18 vol.% of crystals), a basaltic glass composition.
Magma B is hosted in A and consists of sub-spherical enclaves and boudin-like, banding and rolling structures (RS). Four types
of RS have been recognized: σ–type;δ–type; complex σ-δ–types and transitional structures between sub-spherical enclaves and rolling structures. An analysis of the RS has been performed
in order to reconstruct the flow kinematics and the mechanism of flow emplacement. Rolling structures have been selected in
three sites located at different distances from the vent. In all sites most RS show the same sense of shear. Kinematic analysis
of RS allows the degree of flow non-coaxiality to be determined. The non-coaxiality is expressed by the kinematic vorticity
number Wk, a measure of the ratio Sr between pure shear strain rate and simple shear strain rate. The values of Wk calculated from the measured shapes of microscopic RS increase with increasing distance from the vent, from approximately
0.5 to 0.9. Results of the structural analysis reveal that the RS formed during the early–intermediate stage of flow emplacement.
They represent originally sub-spherical enclaves deformed at low shear strain. At higher strain, RS deformed to give boudin-like
and stretched banding structures. Results of the kinematic analysis suggest that high viscosity lava flows are heterogeneous
non-ideal shear flows in which the degree of non-coaxiality increases with the distance from the vent. In the vent area, deformation
is intermediate between simple shear and pure shear. Farther from the vent, deformation approaches ideal simple shear. Lateral
extension processes occur only in the near-vent zone, where they develop in response to the lateral push of magma extruded
from the vent. Lateral shortening processes develop in the distal zone and record the gravity-driven movement of the lava.
The lava flow advanced by two main mechanisms, lateral translation and rolling motion. Lateral translation equals rolling
near the vent, while rolling motion prevailed in the distal zones.
Received: 6 November 1997 / Accepted: 29 November 1997 相似文献
最近,花岗岩混合成了花岗岩研究的热点,国内外许多学者探讨了花岗岩混合问题,并尝试用不同端元组分不同比例的混合来解释花岗岩的地球化学变化。本文从花岗岩与玄武岩的对比出发,探讨了花岗岩混合的可能性和局限性。作者认为,花岗岩混合的现象是普遍存在的,但是次要的和局部的。岩浆混合的能力或能干性(competence of mixing)主要取决于岩浆的黏性和温度,而黏性又与硅氧四面体有关。相对于玄武岩,花岗岩的SiO_2含量高,温度低,因此,花岗质岩浆的混合能干性很低。玄武质岩浆的混合是mixing(以化学混合为主),而花岗质岩浆的混合通常只是mingling(以机械混合为主),只有在少数情况下才能达到mixing的程度,例如,埃达克岩与地幔混合形成的高镁安山岩或高镁埃达克岩。许多人认为,花岗岩中的暗色微粒包体是花岗质岩浆混合作用最显著、最直接证据。研究表明,花岗岩中的暗色微粒包体大多是闪长质成分的,其初始成分大多是玄武质的。因此,暗色微粒包体不是花岗质岩浆混合作用最显著、最直接证据,而是玄武质岩浆混合能力强过花岗质岩浆的证据。与玄武质岩浆的起源比较,花岗质岩浆从一开始熔融就是不均一的,这源于源区的不均一及熔融过程的复杂性。花岗质岩浆原始均一性的假定是不可能的。花岗岩成分的变化以及在哈克图解中成分点的"连续谱系",主要是由源区不均一性引起的,混合和分异可能有一定的作用,但毕竟是次要的。花岗质岩浆从源区生成、迁移、直至在地表喷出或在浅部定位的全过程,是一个不断均一化和不均一化的过程。但是,由于花岗质岩浆的黏性大,上述过程及岩浆演化的程度和规模都受到限制,也限制了岩浆混合的程度和规模。许多人仅从花岗岩地球化学成分的变化来研究花岗岩的成因,而很少考虑花岗岩物理性质对岩浆演化的制约。对比玄武岩与花岗岩,我们认为,地球化学方法在花岗岩中应用的范围和程度可能远远不及玄武岩,我们应当重新考虑花岗岩的地球化学应用问题。 相似文献