混合二维泊松过程的分解算法及其在提取地震丛集模式中的应用.

将一定范围内的地震数据假设为背景地震和丛集地震的叠加，并同时认为背景地震和丛集地震分别满足不同参数的二维泊松过程．通过引入N阶距离概念，将叠加的二维泊松过程转化为一维的混合密度函数，在对距离阶数进行选择的基础上，最终采用遗传算法进行混合密度分解，以达到提取地震丛集模式的效果．文中将该算法应用于我国西南地区松潘及龙陵主震前丛集地震的提取，并与C值的时间扫描结合，深化了这两次大地震前地震活动图象的认识．      

The algorithm of decomposing superim-posed 2-D Poisson processes and its applica-tion to the extracting earthquake clustering pattern

IntroductionClusteringearthquakesareusuallyconsideredasomensofstrongearthquakesorasignaloftectonicmovement.Thus,theyarenotonlyoneoftheprimaryevidencestopredictearthquakesbutalsoasignificantindicatortorecognizetectonicmovement(MEI,etal,1993;EarthquakePre-dictionandPreventionDepartmentofChinaSeismologicalBureau,1998).Ongeneralconditions,webelievethatclusteringearthquakesexistrelativelytobackgroundearthquakes,howtoeffectivelyseparateonefromtheotherbecomesthekeypointofextractingtheclusteringea…     

陕西黄陇煤田侏罗系煤层气开发关键技术

黄陵煤田侏罗纪煤层裂隙发育,渗透率高,煤层气开发的地质条件优越,即将成为我国煤层气开发一个重要的潜在接替领域,根据焦坪矿区和彬长矿区煤层气开发取得的成果,详细探讨了煤层气开发方式、井位部署、钻完井工艺、压裂工艺和排采工艺等关键技术,指出欠平衡钻进、基于储层保护的洞穴完井和分层控压联合排采将是该区煤层气开发技术发展的方向。     

一种新玉种—黄龙玉

黄龙玉矿床主要分布在云南省保山市龙陵县小黑山一带,矿体产于三叠系公养河群板岩与花岗岩接触带上。自古生代以来,除石炭纪、古近纪和新近纪外,其它地层均有出露。矿区岩浆活动频繁,具有多期次多阶段的岩浆侵入。黄龙玉的化学成分主要为SiO2,矿物成分为石英、玉髓和蛋白石,相对密度2.65～2.70,折射率1.54～1.56,Fe3+为致色离子,颜色成因以内源氧化转色为主,隐晶质—微粒结构,块状构造、条带状构造和角砾状构造。本文对黄龙玉产出的地质特征、宝石矿物学特征、品质特征以及与相似宝玉石—田黄和黄色翡翠对比等方面进行了深入阐述,为市场宝石的鉴别提供了一定的参考价值。     

Depositional System of the Carboniferous Huanglong Formation, Eastern Sichuan Basin: Constraints from Sedimentology and Geochemistry

Using analyses of the lithology, sequences, paleoenvironment, and tectonic setting, the depositional system of the Carboniferous Huanglong Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin was identified. The lithological characteristics of the Lower Member, Middle Member, and Upper Member were analyzed and classified. Before the use of carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopes in the analysis, all of the geochemical data were tested for validity. On the basis of the Z values obtained from carbon and oxygen isotopes, the paleoenvironments of the three members were elucidated. Lower Member was dominantly an enclosed marine environment with intense evaporation and little freshwater input into the sea. Middle Member developed in a semi-enclosed to normal marine environment with many rivers. Upper Member was formed in a normal marine environment. The east Sichuan Basin was enclosed by paleouplifts before the deposition of the Huanglong Formation, forming a relatively enclosed depositional setting. Paleogullies developed in the Silurian strata that underlie the Carboniferous rocks; these paleogullies can be identified. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis, we propose that the Huanglong Formation developed in a platform system. Four microfacies were identified: supratidal flat, dolostone flat, grain shoal, and shelf microfacies. The high-permeability and high-porosity characteristics of the grain shoal microfacies are favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation, while the supratidal flat and shelf microfacies developed very few high-quality reservoirs. The paleogullies, in which increased amounts of grain shoal microfacies developed, controlled the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.     

基于灰色系统的黄龙钙华景观演化研究

黄龙的景观是在数万年的岩溶地质作用下的产物。近年来黄龙钙华出现了干涸、变黑、沙化等现象严重地影响了景观的观赏性。水资源在黄龙钙华发展变化中起着重要的作用，笔者通过收集并分析黄龙地区的监测数据，针对监测系统不健全．时序数据缺乏的特点，选用对时序数据要求不高、预测效果较好的灰色系统模型，以岩溶水体的pH值为指标预测了钙华未来的发展情况。采用地质统计学空间分析的克里金插值法，对预测结果进行插值获得了整个景区的钙华预测结果。笔者按pH值将钙华演化情况划为强侵蚀、弱侵蚀、堆积3种类型，指出黄龙钙华景观目前正处于动态平衡与消亡重组阶段。     

利用树木年轮重建川西松潘高原5月降水变化特征

利用四川省松潘县西部牟尼沟二道海采集的树木年轮样本,建立了该地区173年树木年轮年表序列,并依据响应函数、相关与偏相关方法,分析了该年表与气象要素之间的关系,发现该年表对5月降水较敏感,并由此重建了1837-2009年松潘高原地区5月降水序列.结果表明,1837年以来松潘高原地区先后经历了5个偏湿阶段和3个偏干阶段;以重建的1971-2000年30年气候平均值为基准,在重建的16个气候时段中1961-1990年是降水最少的气候时段,而1837-1860年则是降水最多的气候时段;降水发生了多次正负突变,比较可靠的突变点出现在1863年前后、1874年前后、1890年前后、1904年前后、1958年前后和1994年前后;重建序列周期变化明显,存在2～4年、16年和32～50年为主的周期振荡.     

Tree-ring-based reconstruction of the April to September mean temperature since 1826 AD for north-central Shaanxi Province, China

Long-time series of high-resolution temperature record from Chinese Loess Plateau is rare. An April-September mean temperature reconstruction (1826-2004) has been developed for the north-central Shaanxi Province, China, based on tree-ring width analysis. The reconstruction captures 39.3% (p<0.001) of the variance in the instrumental data over the calibration period from 1951 to 2002. The reconstruction shows a high temperature period of 1928-1933, which coincides with the timing of the extreme drought event in 1920s in the entire northern China. The two low temperature periods in reconstruction are 1883-1888 and 1938-1942. With the global warming, the April-September mean temperature in study area has also increased since the 1970s, but has not exceeded the temperature in 1928-1933. Besides the statistical analysis, the reconstruction is also verified by the local dryness/wetness index and other dendroclimatological results.     

浙江省老虎洞组和黄龙组地层划分与对比

浙江省老虎洞组、黄龙组生物地层的研究较薄弱，尤其是笾化石带的建立不够系统，使地层的正确划分和对比存在一些问题。笔者通过精测浙江省桐庐县杨家老虎洞组、黄龙组地层剖面，系统采集了筵化石样品，经筵薄片研究。自下而上新建2个筵化石带：Profusulinella simplex带和FusulineUa bocki—Fusulina mayiensis带(二带化石归属达拉阶)。并与浙江长兴、杭州、常山地区的老虎洞组、黄龙组剖面进行了生物地层和岩石地层的划分对比。对比结果表明：Profusulinella simplex带上延至黄龙组中一下部，     

重庆马槽坝-黑楼门地区上石炭统黄龙组白云岩储层类型及其控制因素

根据钻井岩心、薄片、物性等数据资料,对四川盆地东部马槽坝-黑楼门地区白云岩储层特征进行分析,并探讨沉积相及成岩作用对储层形成的控制作用。研究区白云岩储层的岩石类型主要为颗粒白云岩、微晶白云岩、粉-细晶白云岩。储集空间以次生粒间及粒内溶孔为主,并伴生有超大溶孔。研究区黄龙组储层总体上属于低孔低渗储层,以小孔-中细喉组合为主。白云石化作用、重结晶作用、破裂作用、古岩溶作用是有利于储层发育的成岩作用,其中白云石化作用是最普遍也是最重要的成岩作用。粒屑浅滩、潮道是有利于储层发育的沉积环境。