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东海深井高温高压低孔渗储层钻井技术研究与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着近年东海勘探工作量的迅速增加,钻井深度越来越深,面临着深层高温高压低孔渗地层钻井的一些重大技术难题.针对遇到的难题,分析研究了钻井技术和工艺,主要包括深部复杂压力体系井身结构优化、构建储层保护和井壁稳定性能良好的低自由水钻井液体系、高压低孔渗储层防气窜固井工艺技术、分井段钻井提速配套技术.研究成果应用表明,该套技术较好地解决了钻井过程中出现的问题,保护了储层,提高了时效,满足了产能测试的要求. 相似文献
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无色-近无色高温高压合成钻石的谱图特征及其鉴别方法 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
实验室发现大量小颗粒的无色高温高压(HPHT)合成钻石与天然钻石混杂镶嵌在各种饰品中,前人提出荧光和磷光特征是主要的快速区分特征,然而荧光、磷光特征的差异并不能完全将HPHT合成钻石与天然钻石区分开来。本文将常规的宝石学观察分析与多种高精度谱学测试相结合,对五粒不同的无色-近无色HPHT合成钻石样品进行深入研究。结果表明,五粒钻石在紫外可见吸收光谱无270 nm吸收或是只有极弱的270 nm吸收,随着颜色级别的降低,270 nm吸收越明显。红外光谱测试显示,各粒样品中都含有不等量的硼元素。光致发光光谱测试表明,HPHT合成钻石含有与微量N、Ni、Si等相关的晶格缺陷。超短波紫外光源激发下,所有的HPHT合成钻石都有强磷光,在钻石观察仪下可以观测到清晰的八面体和立方体分区特征。显然,不同的合成钻石的特征略有差异,但综合其荧光及磷光特征以及红外、紫外、光致发光光谱特征,可以准确地将无色HPHT合成钻石与对应的天然钻石区分开来。 相似文献
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An experimental facility has been developed to investigate magma-water interaction (MWI). The facility operates in a high-pressure
and high-temperature environment, with temperatures up to 1,200°C and pressures up to 200 MPa. Cylindrical sample-holders
(20 by 180 mm in size) are heated conductively to yield a three phase (melt, crystals and gas) system, and then water (or
other fluid) is injected into the sample through a capillary tube (diameter 0.5 mm, length ca. 1,000 mm) under controlled
conditions. Pressure, volume and temperature changes are continuously recorded during every phase of the experiments. To test
this facility, MWI is studied at subliquidus temperatures (800 and 900°C) and pressure (8 MPa), using a leucite tephrite sample
with two different initial grain sizes. Because of the grain-size dependence of sintering, the two starting materials produce
magmas with different textures at the same temperature: porous magma for large initial grain sizes and dense magma for small
initial grain sizes. In these experiments 1.5 g of water at room temperature is injected into 6.0 g of partially molten sample
at velocities ranging from 1 to 3 m/s. We find that the extent of fragmentation and transport caused by MWI are mainly controlled
by the texture of the interacting sample with explosive interaction occurring only for porous magmas. 相似文献
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国家黄金钻石制品质量监督检验中心收到待检的百余件群镶钻石首饰中发现混有大量HPHT合成黄色钻石.采用宝石显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、紫外可见光分光光谱仪、紫外荧光灯、DiamondView^TM等对HPHT合成钻石样品做了详细地测试与分析.结果表明,这些HPHT合成钻石样品具有较为统一的黄色,放大检查可见合成钻石内部含有大量棒状、柱状、细小微粒状的铁镍合金包裹体,且几乎都有磁性,有些磁性甚至较强;样品的红外反射光谱非常特征,均具有明显的1 131 cm^-1处的吸收峰,为Ⅰb型钻石,而Ⅰb型钻石在天然钻石中极少见到;X射线荧光光谱测试显示有强烈的铁峰和镍峰,且在短波紫外线下多数具有绿黄色荧光.HPHT合成钻石在DiamondView^TM下具有不同程度的黄绿色荧光,部分具有黑十字现象. 相似文献
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作为深部地球研究的“信使”,不同类型天然金刚石的形成温度、压力及环境介质条件一直是地球科学中的重要内容。天然金刚石原石呈现出多种多样的晶型和表面形貌特征是其结晶过程、介质环境和运移过程的最直接记录。伴随着金刚石高温高压合成技术的发展以及合成金刚石的规模化工业生产应用,前人对合成金刚石的晶型及表面形貌特征进行了大量的描述并详细探讨了温度、压力及组分差异对晶体形态的影响。本文对不同条件下的合成金刚石与不同类型天然金刚石的晶型特征、表面形貌特征进行了详细的对比分析,旨在将高温高压实验中明确的生长条件及晶体生长规律应用于天然金刚石形成条件的研究中,并进一步为金刚石晶体形态反映出的地质环境特征、地幔流体/熔体组成和动力学条件的研究提供约束。 相似文献
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采用红外光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪对经六面顶压机进行高温高压处理的褐色钻石进行了光谱分析,并在此基础上进行了改色机理分析。结果显示,含有氮杂质的Ⅰa A、Ⅰa AB型钻石样品在5.6 GPa、1 650℃的高温高压环境下,实验时间从30 min开始钻石样品的颜色由褐色改变成鲜艳的黄色,这种现象主要与H3心、H4心、N3心和孤氮有关;样品随着处理时间的增加呈现鲜艳的黄绿色,这种现象主要与H2心、H3心有关。 相似文献
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对不同类型褐色钻石进行高温高压处理和结构特性研究是钻石研究中的难点和重点之一。前人对富氢钻石的研究主要集中于其特殊的生长结构以及其形成环境的探讨,而对富氢钻石经高温高压处理后的变化特征鲜有涉及。本文对经高温高压处理前后的富氢钻石的红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱以及光致发光光谱等谱学特征进行了对比,研究其鉴定特征。结果表明:高温高压处理前后的富氢钻石的光谱特征具有明显差异,特别是红外光谱,经处理后的钻石中与氮氢有关的吸收峰如3310 cm~(-1)、3232 cm~(-1)、3189 cm~(-1)等明显减弱甚至消失,并出现与孤氮有关的新的2688 cm~(-1)吸收峰;紫外可见光吸收光谱中,经处理的褐色钻石中的无选择性吸收(钻石呈褐色的原因)变为孤氮的典型吸收,即550 nm至短波的吸收以及N_3中心(415 nm)的吸收均明显增强,因此钻石也由原来的褐色变为黄色。钻石经处理前后的光致发光光谱中,与氮原子有关的缺陷类型、峰的强度以及缺陷组合也有变化。本文获得的光谱变化特征,为准确鉴定高温高压处理的黄色富氢钻石提供了依据,也为解释与氢和氮相关的晶格缺陷在高温条件下的变化机理提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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3D basin modelling of a study area in Quadrant 30, UK North Sea was performed in order to elucidate the burial, thermal, pressure
and hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation history in the Jurassic and Triassic high pressure–high temperature
sequences. Calibration data, including reservoir temperatures, pressures, petroleum compositional data, vitrinite reflectance
profiles and published fluid inclusion data were used to constrain model predictions. The comparison of different pressure
generating processes indicated that only when gas generation is taken into account as a pressure generating mechanism, both
the predicted present day as well as palaeo-pressure evolution matches the available calibration data. Compositional modelling
of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation also reproduced present and palaeo bulk fluid properties such as the
reservoir fluid gas to oil ratios. The reconstruction of the filling histories of both reservoirs indicates that both were
first charged around 100 Ma ago and contained initially a two-phase system in which gas dominated volumetrically. Upon burial
reservoir fluid composition evolved to higher GORs and became undersaturated as a function of increasing pore pressure up
to the present day situation. Our results indicate that gas compositions must be taken into account when calculating the volumetric
effect of gas generation on overpressure. 相似文献
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