Analysis of drivers governing temporal salinity and temperature variations in groundwater discharge from Altug Submarine Karst Cave (Kas-Turkey)

Salinity and temperature variations in groundwater discharge from the Altug submarine karst cave have been observed at 28 m below sea level for every 10 min between November 2004 and August 2005 to determine the drivers that govern the salinization. Comparisons between temporal trends of salinity and temperature with those of precipitation, air pressure, sea level and wind velocity revealed an apparent dominance of precipitation regime on the salinity and temperature variations. Spectral analyses applied to observations showed that the air pressure and sea level oscillations are affected by sun and moon tides which do not have an appreciable impact on the salinity and temperature variations. Annual rate of salinization in Altug cave seems inversely related to the inland groundwater head so that the maximum and minimum fresh water contributions occur at mid-spring and late-summer, respectively.     

滇西南洞穴考察

云南西南部地区由于地质构造等方面的原因，喀斯特洞穴不象滇东地区那样分布广泛和发育强烈，在以往对云南喀斯特与洞穴的研究与开发中并未引起人们足够的重视，有关喀斯特与洞穴学的探测和研究工作在滇西地区进行得不多，可以说还是一块“处女地”。１９９３年至１９９４年间，笔者等人在滇西保山市、施甸县和景谷县等地的洞穴进行了实地综合调查。调查结果表明，滇西南地区的洞穴由于所处的地理位置和特殊的自然环境，有着丰富的喀     

北京石花洞的区域地质意义

在全国范围内，北京石花洞的层数最多，次生化学沉积物的叠置关系明显。该洞的大形态反映了北京西山新构造运动的历史，可以同华北地文斯和永定河阶地对比。洞内次生化学沉积物记录了中更新世以来，西山地区古环境变化的信息，可以和周口店洞穴中碎屑堆积物进行对比。     

Modern stable isotopic (δ18O, δ2H, δ13C) variation in terrestrial,fluvial, estuarine and marine waters from north‐central Sarawak,Malaysian Borneo

Stable isotope data on humid tropical hydrology are scarce and, at present, no such data exist for Borneo. Delta¹⁸O, δ²H and δ¹³C were analysed on 22 water samples from different parts of the Sungai (river) Niah basin (rain, cave drip, rainforest pool, tributary stream, river, estuary, sea) in north‐central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. This was done to improve understanding of the modern stable isotope systematics of the Sungai Niah basin, essential for the palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Late Quaternary stable isotope proxies preserved in the Great Cave of Niah. The Niah hydrology data are put into a regional context using the meteoric water line for Southeast Asia, as derived from International Atomic Energy Agency/World Meteorological Organization isotopes in precipitation network data. Although the Niah hydrological data‐set is relatively small, spatial isotopic variability was found for the different subenvironments of the Sungai Niah basin. A progressive enrichment occurs towards the South China Sea (δ¹⁸O ?4·6‰; δ²H ?29·3‰; δ¹³C ?4·8‰) from the tributary stream (δ¹⁸O ?8·4‰; δ²H ?54·7‰; δ¹³C ?14·5‰) to up‐river (δ¹⁸O c. ?8‰; δ²H c. ?51‰; δ¹³C c. ?12‰) and down‐river values (δ¹⁸O c. ?7·5‰; δ²H c. ?45‰; δ¹³C c. ?11‰). This is thought to reflect differential evaporation and mixing of different components of the water cycle and a combination of depleted biogenic δ¹³C (plant respiration and decay) with enriched δ¹³C values (due to photosynthesis, atmospheric exchange, mixing with limestone and marine waters) downstream. Cave drip waters are relatively enriched in δ¹³C as compared to the surface waters. This may indicate rapid degassing of the cave drips as they enter the cave atmosphere. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Detection and 2d modelling of cavities using pole–dipole array

The resistivity method is often used in cave prospecting. In this paper the pole–dipole array ability to detect cavities at different depths and with different water contents is investigated. The research was performed using analogical and numerical modelling. According to the results, empty caves at a depth less than four times its diameter can be easily detected. The ability of the pole–dipole array to detect water-filled caves reaches a minimum at filling percentages of 30–50%. Overburden effects research shows that low resistivity overburden reduces the resolution capability of the array. This study shows that equivalent results can be obtained by modelling the empty caves as infinite resistivity bodies or, alternatively, as very high resistivity ones. The analysis of field data acquired in the Maciço Calcário Estremenho (Portugal) shows the practical importance of the pole–dipole array in cavities prospecting.     

神农架三宝洞倒数第二次冰期高分辨率石笋δ13C记录

基于神农架三宝洞两支石笋24个230Th年龄以及637个δ13C测试数据,建立了倒数第二次冰期191±1.8～133±0.6kaB.P.时段洞穴石笋高分辨率δ13C的时间序列.在冰期/间冰期尺度上,δ13C值振幅达4.5％,整体变化趋势与全球冰量曲线类似.在倒数第二次冰期,石笋δ13C记录揭示出一系列较大振荡幅度的千年...     

酉阳伏羲洞景观资源特色及开发理念

重庆酉阳伏羲洞不仅发育有洁白无瑕似千秋田的“边石坝”、酷似人脚的“仙人脚”、神似清朝将领佩戴的“将军帽”等独特的景观,而且洞穴规模宏伟、形态险峻秀美,洞宽多在10~20m,高多在20~35m,其中的“伏羲大厅”直径达130m,高达85m;龙宫石瀑布高43m,宽93m;擎天石柱高26m,直径3.5m;地下河川流不息,池水觥筹交错。为了充分发挥伏羲洞景观资源优势,促进酉阳旅游业的发展,本文在分析酉阳伏羲洞景观资源特色、资源价值的基础上,提出了突出“神秘”特色、强化科普性与趣味性,以及以人为本,尊重自然生态,开发与保护并重的开发规划理念。与此同时,还认为灯光配套对突出伏羲洞“神秘”特色具有举足轻重的作用。布光上,对峡谷洞壁形态可采用白、蓝、浅绿、青等不同色调来分层次展示;对地下河宜用淡绿色光表现;对流石、钟乳石等景观可采用冷、暖光相结合;对于伏羲大厅鳞次栉比的岩层纹理可采用白光处理。      

武都万象洞方解石现代沉积体系δ~(18)O值月变化特征

万象洞所在地大气降水同位素值年内波动较大,变化起止时间存在显著的年际差异。观测期内,武都降水同位素δD-δ18O组合特征与周边城市降水同位素多年平均值重建的区域降水雨水线基本重合,洞穴所在地区降水同位素具有很好的区域代表性。洞穴滴水同位素值年内变化幅度较小,基本反映了当地大气降水同位素值的月加权平均水平。洞穴次生碳酸盐与洞穴滴水之间符合同位素平衡分馏基本规律。季节尺度上,不同监测点滴水及次生碳酸盐δ18O值因受地下水混合作用强弱差异及洞穴温度的小幅变化等影响而略有差异;年际变化上,夏季风爆发前后降雨量的权重及爆发时间的早晚对洞穴滴水-碳酸盐体系同位素水平存在一定的影响。万象洞洞穴滴水、石笋氧同位素信号在年代际尺度上可以很好地指示区域内大气降水的同位素变化特征。     

河北秦皇岛斑鬣狗巢穴(灵仙洞)及斑鬣狗的集群死亡与埋藏

河北省秦皇岛灵仙洞发现了一批最后斑鬣狗化石,标本达上千件,至少代表了30个不同个体,包括3具骨架(其中骨架Ⅰ是世界上迄今所发现最完整的1具),还发现了一些其他哺乳动物化石,共计26属27种.根据动物群组成、地质地貌以及堆积物的综合分析判断,它的时代可能属于中更新世晚期至晚更新世早期.动物群的生态组合反映当时处于一个温热偏干、半封闭或开阔的山间草原而周边山上有树林的生态环境.标本(尤其是完整骨架)的保存为典型的原地埋藏,死后未受到包括斑鬣狗自身在内的动物干扰和破坏.斑鬣狗在动物群中占绝对优势以及幼年个体和粪化石的发现,表明灵仙洞是一处斑鬣狗族群的巢穴.与其他斑鬣狗巢穴不同的是:斑鬣狗的猎物稀少,鲜见斑鬣狗的活动痕迹,尤其是幼年斑鬣狗啃咬形成的特定产物“nibbling sticks”,这说明灵仙洞既非用于猎物遗骸的储藏,也非用于幼崽的抚养,而是一处共用巢穴,同时也表明灵仙洞的骨骼聚集与埋藏有着特定的成因和机理.     

福建省万寿岩遗址船帆洞植硅体组合特征及其环境意义

万寿岩遗址位于福建省三明市,遗址之一的船帆洞中曾生活过两期古人类（40～37 kaBP和30～29 kaBP）。在第一期古人类的文化层中发现的人工石铺地面在我国旧石器考古中属重要发现,对研究末次冰期古人类生存环境具有重大意义。对船帆洞沉积物的植硅体分析显示,尖型植硅体和棒型植硅体数量比较占优势,扇型和块状植硅体含量其次,短细胞植硅体形态中鞍型的含量较多。结合聚类分析结果可将剖面至下而上划分为5个气候带,气候环境依次为凉干-冷干-冷偏干-凉偏干-温凉偏干。第一期古人类生活于带I底部,为凉干背景下较温暖的气候环境;第二期古人类生活于带Ⅳ上部,为凉偏干背景下较温暖的气候环境。植硅体的变化特征较好地指示了H4和H3事件,分别对应两期文化层。两次Heinrich事件改变了古人类的生存环境,推测是两期古人类离开船帆洞的主要原因。