Photoinduced toxicity single and binary mixtures of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum

Diatom Skeletonema costatum Cleve is one of the main predominant phytoplankton species in the Changjiang Estuary in China. In order to provide some basic information for future assessment of the potential risk on phytoplankton communities in this estuary caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), this alga was selected as a representative to investigate the photoinduced toxicity of PAHs, in single and mixture. Four PAHs including three-ring phenanthrene and anthracene, four-ring fluoranthene and pyrene were tested in the laboratory. The single toxicity of each PAH on this microalga was compared with and without the simulated solar UV radiation. The results showed that this microalga was sensitive to PAH's photoinduced toxicity. Ratios of the 72 h median effect concentration obtained for fluorescent and UV light tests were about 8.4 for phenanthrene, 13.0 for anthracene, 6.5 for fluoranthene, and 5.7 for pyrene, indicating that UV light enhanced the PAH toxicity to this alga significantly. Under the fluorescent radiation (lacking UV), the dose-response curves based on chemical concentrations revealed that the order of toxic strength was fluoranthene greater than pyrene greater than anthracene greater than phenanthrene; while under the UV radiation (476 μW/cm2 for UVA, 6.5 μW/cm2 for UVB) it became fluoranthene approximately equaling anthracene greater than pyrene greater than phenanthrene, indicating that the UV light also changed its relative toxicity to this alga. The photoinduced toxicity of PAHs to the marine diatom S. costatum might be a synergistic effect of photosensitization reactions (e.g., generation of single-state oxygen) and photomodification (photooxidation and/or photolysis).The combined effects of six binary mixtures on the marine diatom S. costatum were investigated using the additive-index method. Four binary-mixtures (phenanthrene plus anthracene; phenanthrene plus pyrene; anthracene plus fluoranthene; anthracene plus pyrene) were found to be synergistic joint action mode, while two binary-mixtures (phenanthrene plus fluoranthene; fluoranthene plus pyrene) displayed antagonist, revealing a complex pattern of possible interactions. The combined action mode of PAHs might be related to various factors such as the mixture compounds, mixture ratios and test conditions, etc.     

Numerical Simulation of Residual Circulation due to Bottom Rouglmess Variability Under Tidal Flows in A Semi-Enclosed Bay

Nowadays there are some chronic serious environmental problems, such as eutrophication, blue tide and so on, in a complicated coastal zone or a semi-enclosed bay, because the water exchanges between an inner bay and an outer sea is weak compared with the supply of contaminant. Under this situation, a method to improve the water quality by 3-dimensional small unsymmetrical structures has been proposed by Komatsu et al. In this paper, several numerical simulations of the tidal current and concentration for various arrangements of bottom roughness in a semi-enclosed model bay are carfled out with a depth-averaged 2-D numerical model. The model is solved by the hybrid finite analytic method with nonstaggered grid. And the SIMPLES algorithm with Rhie and Chow＇ s momentum interpolation technique is used for the simulation. The effect of Komatsu＇ s method for water purification is examined by numerical simulation. The result of numerical experiment indicates that it is possible to generate a new tidal residual current and to activate a tidal exchange by bottom roughness arrangement only.     

网箱养殖水污染及其治理对策

上世纪９０年代中期以来 ,各地对渔业捕养关系加大了调整力度 ,网箱养殖业发展迅猛。但随之而来的是网箱养殖水域的水污染问题日益突出 ,制约了网箱养殖业的健康发展。以宁波市辖区内的象山港水域为例 ,近年来 ,投饵网箱养鱼遍及全港 ,网箱数量已超过５００００余只。而这些网箱投喂的过剩饵料和鱼类排出的粪便正以每年几十厘米的厚度沉积水底 ,日积月累已达１ｍ多厚。除了靠风浪冲刷等自然作用外 ,没有办法将其清除 ,致使水质严重恶化 ,鱼病蔓延。同时由于水质的“富营养化” ,促使藻类繁衍 ,赤潮时有发生。因此 ,有专家断言 ,网箱养殖的“…     

“煤特征指数”与矿井瓦斯危险类型的关系

矿井瓦斯危险程度与煤层中瓦斯赋存状况及其泄出方式有关,并取决于多种地质条件和采掘工艺。其中,煤特征条件特别重要。本文分析了湖南省的5种矿井瓦斯危险类型以及相应的煤特征条件,提出了“煤特征指数(I_c)”这一概念。I_c是一项评价矿井瓦斯危险程度的综合指标。研究表明,矿井瓦斯危险愈严重,则其I_c值愈高。应用该项成果预测了16对矿井的瓦斯危险类型,取得了满意的效果。     

Permeable Reactive Barrier for the treatment of contaminated surface water in Katedan industrial development area, Hyderabad, India

Permeable Reactive Barrier （PRB） is an emplacement of inert material （s） in the subsurface, designed to intercept a contaminated plume, provides a preferential flow path through the reactive media, and transforms the contaminant into environmentally acceptable forms to attain concentration remediation goals at the discharge of the barrier. The phenomena, which help in remediation within PRB, are adsorption/sorption, precipitation, oxidation/reduction and biodegradation. Various materials like zero-valent iron, zero-valent bi-metals, natural zeolites, organic carbon, fly ash, zeolites, limestone, activated alumina, apatites, etc. have been tried by many researchers to remove organic and inorganic contaminants. In USA, Canada, and many European countries commercial full-scale and pilot scale PRBs are successfully working. The design and installation of full scale PRBs needs laboratory treatability and dynamic flow column experiments？ The concept of PRB is being applied to treat contaminated surface water in the Katedan industrial area, Hyderabad, India. National Geophysical Research Institute （NGRI）, Hyderabad, India, conducted systematic studies in collaboration with Norwegian Geotechnical Institute （NGI）, Norway, to develop PRB technique to decontaminate the surface water pollution due to industrial effluent. A site assessment study in the Katedan Industrial Area, were carried out and water, soil and sediment from the lakes of the area were found to be polluted with high concentrations of heavy metals like As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, etc. Adsorption studies at NGRI with synthetic samples and in-situ industrial effluent using different reactive media for removing contaminants like arsenic, chromium, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc have been carried out and yielded satisfactory results. The performance of zero-valent iron and limestone is encouraging in removing As,     

我国城市抗灾能力脆弱

北京市逢雨就堵车，烟台和威海2005年罕见的城市雪灾，去年的松江水污染事件，城市里爆发的非典疫情、禽流感疫情……这一连串的事件引发了各界对于中国城市灾害和公共安全的广泛关注。在8月22日举行的中国市长协会第四次市长代表大会上。正式发布的《中国城市发展报告（2005）》指出，近年来我国城市各类安全危机的爆发数量持续攀升，但现有减灾水平还远不能满足经济社会发展的需要，我国城市的救灾储备能力远远滞后于城市发展水平。     

从电法勘探资料分析宋楼煤矿主斜井突水因素

根据宋楼煤矿主斜井直流电法勘探资料及矿井地质及水文地质条件的分析,煤矿主斜井突水原因应该是来自第四系砂砾石含水层及深层地下岩溶水。通过电法勘探确定裂隙发育带、富水区域、涌水部位,对此处实施钻孔注浆堵水后,恢复生产。     

鲍店煤矿突水条件分析

对影响鲍店3煤安金井采的3煤顶、底部砂岩和红层的水文地质条件进行了分析,对其突水特征作了简明讨论,应用突水判别模式对本矿十采区作了安全开采评价,划分了可能突水的工作面,对今后的安全开采有一定的指导意义.     

唐山：重拳打击非法采矿行为

为进一步巩固矿业治理整顿成果，依法严厉打击非法采矿活动，近日，唐山市国土资源局与遵化市国土资源局执法人员一起，在当地公安及有关部门配合支持下，集中一周时间对遵化市石人沟铁矿周边地区及东陵地区非法采矿行为进行了集中治理整顿，执法人员坚决排除各种阻力，炸毁矿井5座，封填矿井4座，