土壤中Cd、Pb、Hg离子的地球化学行为模拟实验

研究了山西省3种不同质地的土壤对Cd2＋、Pb2＋、Hg2＋的吸附、解吸和3种离子在土壤中的运移特性。结果表明,Cd2＋、Pb2＋和Hg2＋在粘粒土壤中的吸附能力大于在砂粒土壤中的吸附能力,且3种土壤对Pb2＋都有很强的吸附能力,吸附的Pb2＋很难在土壤中解吸下来。3种土壤对3种金属离子的吸附能力为Pb2＋＞Cd2＋＞Hg2＋,解吸能力正好相反,这主要与土壤的不同性质和3种重金属离子的水合离子半径、离子的水合能密切相关。Cd2＋在3种土壤中的等温吸附符合Freundlich和Langmuir方程,Pb2＋在3种土壤中的吸附特征符合Henry方程,而Hg2＋在3种土壤中的吸附符合Langmuir方程。土柱淋滤实验表明,Hg2＋在土壤中的穿透性很强,Cd2＋次之,Pb2＋在土壤中的穿透性最慢,其在长达20天的淋滤过程中仍然没有穿透土柱。3种不同质地的土壤对Cd2＋、Pb2＋和Hg2＋的迁移能力都表现为：大同土壤＞临汾土壤＞太原土壤。     

小兴安岭东南部伊春中生代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb测年及其地质意义

本文首次报道了小兴安岭南部伊春地区的五三零、南岔三林场及寒月林场岩体高精度锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄。三个岩体均形成于早侏罗世,侵位年龄分别为175±3 Ma,180±2 Ma和195±2 Ma。岩石学和地球化学特征显示,这些岩体为高硅富碱性的钙碱性系列的二长花岗岩.花岗闪长岩组合,形成于造山后的伸展构造环境中,其大地构造背景与早侏罗世佳木斯板块和松嫩.张广才岭板块碰撞拼合后伸展作用有关。     

Tracing the 850-Ma continental flood basalts from a piece of subducted continental crust in the North Qaidam UHPM belt,NW China

A Paleozoic ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) belt extends along the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, North Tibetan Plateau. Eclogites in the Yuka eclogite terrane, northwest part of this UHPM belt, occur as blocks or layers of varying size intercalated with granitic and pelitic gneisses. These eclogites have protoliths geochemically similar to enriched-type mid-ocean ridge basalts (E-MORB) and oceanic island basalts (OIB). On the basis of Ti/Y ratios, they can be divided into low-Ti and high-Ti groups. The low-Ti group (LTG) eclogites exhibit relatively low TiO₂ (most <2.5 wt%) and Ti/Y (<500) but comparatively high Mg# (48–55), whereas the high-Ti group (HTG) eclogites have high TiO₂ (most >2.5 wt%) and Ti/Y (>500) but lower Mg# (46–52). Zircons from two eclogite samples gave a magmatic crystallization (protolith) age of ∼850 Ma and a UHPM age of ∼433 Ma. The occurrence, geochemical features and age data of the Yuka eclogites suggest that their protoliths are segments of continental flood basalts (CFBs) with a mantle plume origin, similar to most typical CFBs. Our observation, together with the tectonic history and regional geologic context, lend support for the large scale onset of mantle plume within the Rodinia supercontinent at ∼850 Ma. The Qaidam block is probably one of the fragments of the Rodinia supercontinent with a volcanic-rifted passive margin. The latter may have been dragged to mantle depths by its subducting leading edge of the oceanic lithosphere in the Early Paleozoic.     

ICP-MS测定土壤中的As、Cr、Pb、Se、Cu和Zn

本文用电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了土壤的As、Cr、Pb、Se、Cu和Zn6种微量元素的质量分数,以In作为内标进行基体效应的补偿,方法快速灵敏,回收率为92.4%～106.8%,相对标准偏差小于5.0%,结果达到国家标准要求。     

珠江三角洲平原区土壤Pb元素地球化学特征及其影响因素研究

以珠江三角洲平原为研究区域,对其7个区县102件水稻根系土样品进行土壤理化参数及Pb形态分析,探讨在第四系分布区土壤Pb全量及Pb活动态含量的特征及影响因素。结果表明:全部供试土壤样品中Pb元素平均含量为46.47mg/kg,略高于广东省土壤Pb含量背景值(36mg/kg),表现出一定的累积趋势。研究区自西北陆相沉积区至南部海陆交互相沉积区,元素含量增高。Pb元素主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化物形态赋存在土壤中,迁移能力弱。影响土壤Pb全量的因素主要有Al2O3、K2O、Tl、Mo;影响土壤Pb活动态的因素有Pb全量、pH、有机质、CEC、P、TFe2O3、Mn;其中,p H是控制Pb元素活动性的最主要因素。     

重金属Cu、Pb在泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)卵巢的蓄积特性及其对卵细胞发育的影响

采用静水法生物测试手段,研究了不同浓度梯度Cu、Pb(各0.00、0.10、0.25、0.50mg/L)随时间变化在泥鳅卵巢中的蓄积特性以及对卵细胞发育的影响。结果表明,泥鳅卵巢对Cu、Pb有较强的蓄积能力,在暴露期间20天内,蓄积量与时间呈线性关系,之后呈对数关系。其中,Cu的蓄积显著大于Pb(P0.01);卵巢中重金属的蓄积与水溶液中Cu、Pb的浓度梯度相关(P0.01),具有明显的时间效应和剂量效应。泥鳅卵巢中卵细胞的发育水平,亦与溶液重金属浓度的高低、暴露时间长短有关;在不同浓度重金属溶液中较长时间的暴露,将对卵巢及卵细胞的发育产生不可逆转的负效应。     

Geology,Geochemistry, and Geochronology of the Fenghuangshan Skarn‐type Copper Deposit in the Tongling Ore Cluster,Anhui Province,East China

The Fenghuangshan skarn-type Cu deposit, Tongling Ore Cluster, Anhui Province, is an important component in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River ore-forming belt. To better understand magmatism and its relationship to mineralization, we investigated geochemical features, ore-forming fluids, and geochronology of the Xinwuli intrusion and the related Fenghuangshan Cu deposit. Lithogeochemical characteristics show that the Xinwuli quartz monzodiorite is formed by mixing magma derived from upper mantle alkaline basalt that has been contaminated by crust materials. C, H and O isotopes indicate that ore-forming fluids mainly come from the magma, with minor amounts of meteoric fluids involved at the late stage. S and Pb isotopic components indicate that ore-forming materials are derived from the mantle. Molybdenite Re–Os isotopic dating yields Re–Os model ages ranging from 139.1±2.4 Ma to 142.0±2.2 Ma, with an isochronal age of 141.1±1.4 Ma, which is consistent with sensitive, high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon U–Pb ages of quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite in the mining area. Dating analysis yields ages from 136.0±2.0 Ma to 143.0±2.4 Ma for the quartz monzodiorite (a weighted average of 139.4±1.2 Ma) and ages from 136.7±2.0 Ma to 145.3±2.4 Ma for granodiorite (a weighted average of 141.0±1.1 Ma).     

坦桑尼亚古元古代姆柏兹地体锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素特征及其指示的构造环境研究

通过研究坦桑尼亚乌本迪变质活动带内姆柏兹地体(初)糜棱岩的锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素特征,认为初糜棱岩物质来源于古老地壳的再循环。对比研究坦桑尼亚鲁呼呼盆地和鲁夸盆地卡鲁超群沉积特征,结合卡鲁超群底部砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄谱系特征,推测鲁夸盆地内卡鲁系的最大沉积时限为晚石炭纪-早二叠纪,其物质来源于乌本迪带或南部伊鲁米德带内的新元古代-寒武纪岩浆岩。通过计算碎屑锆石年龄与地层沉积时代差值的累频分布特征,确定了晚古生代时期的鲁夸沉积盆地构造属性为拉张背景的陆间裂谷。结合本次锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素特征研究和区域地质资料分析结果,认为姆柏兹地体经历了两次俯冲-造山-裂解(伸展)构造旋回,响应了哥伦比亚超大陆、罗迪尼亚超大陆的聚合、裂解。冈瓦纳大陆裂解期间形成的裂谷盆地接受沉积,形成了卡鲁超群沉积。     

现代沉积的210Pb计年

²¹⁰Pb具有百年时间尺度沉积计年的重要价值。²¹⁰Pb_ex计年假设：沉积物是封闭系统；进入水体的²¹⁰Pb能有效地转移到沉积物中并不发生沉积后迁移；非过剩²¹⁰Pb与其母体²²⁶Ra保持平衡。²¹⁰Pb_ex计年可用稳定输入通量-稳定沉积物堆积速率模式、常量初始浓度模式或恒定补给速率模式。沉积物柱芯必须保持原态并以0．5～1cm间隔分截；用相应层节²²⁶Ra校正。沉积物表层混合作用及²²²Rn的丢失可能导致顶部²¹⁰Pb_ex异常。季节性缺氧湖泊沉积物顶部可能存在²¹⁰Pb及²¹⁰Po的再迁移。²¹⁰Pb与¹³⁷Cs两种计年方法原理上具有根本差别。²¹⁰Pb，¹³⁷Cs与沉积纹理方法对比是准确计年的重要保证。