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71.
72.
Performance based design of structure requires a reasonably accurate prediction of displacement or ductility demand. Generally, displacement demand of structure is estimated assuming fixity at base and considering base motion in one direction. In reality, ground motions occur in two orthogonal directions simultaneously resulting in bidirectional interaction in inelastic range, and soil–structure interaction (SSI) may change structural response too. Present study is an attempt to develop insight on the influence of bi-directional interaction and soil–pile raft–structure interaction for predicting the inelastic response of soil–pile raft–structure system in a more reasonably accurate manner. A recently developed hysteresis model capable to simulate biaxial interaction between deformations in two principal directions of any structural member under two orthogonal components of ground motion has been used. This study primarily shows that a considerable change may occur in inelastic demand of structures due to the combined effect of such phenomena. 相似文献
73.
The five MTMD models, with natural frequencies being uniformly distributed around their mean frequency, have been recently presented by the first author. They are shown to have the near‐zero optimum average damping ratio (more precisely, for a given mass ratio there is an upper limit on the total number, beyond which the near‐zero optimum average damping ratio occurs). In this paper, the eight new MTMD models (i.e. the UM‐MTMD1~UM‐MTMD3, US‐MTMD1~US‐MTMD3, UD‐MTMD1 and UD‐MTMD2), with the system parameters (mass, stiffness and damping coefficient) being, respectively, uniformly distributed around their average values, have been, for the first time here, proposed to seek for the MTMD models without the near‐zero optimum average damping ratio. The structure is represented by the mode‐generalized system corresponding to the specific vibration mode that needs to be controlled. Through minimization of the minimum values of the maximum dynamic magnification factors (DMF) of the structure with the eight MTMD models (i.e. through the implementation of Min.Min.Max.DMF), the optimum parameters and values of Min.Min.Max.DMF for these eight MTMD models are investigated to evaluate and compare their control performance. The optimum parameters include the optimum mass spacing, stiffness spacing, damping coefficient spacing, frequency spacing, average damping ratio and tuning frequency ratio. The six MTMD models without the near‐zero optimum average damping ratio (i.e. the UM‐MTMD1~UM‐MTMD3, US‐MTMD1, US‐MTMD2 and UD‐MTMD2) are found through extensive numerical analyses. Likewise, the optimum UM‐MTMD3 offers the higher effectiveness and robustness and requires the smaller damping with respect to the rest of the MTMD models in reducing the responses of structures subjected to earthquakes. Additionally, it is interesting to note, by comparing the optimum UM‐MTMD3 with the optimum MTMD‐1 recently investigated by the first author, that the effectiveness and robustness for the optimum UM‐MTMD3 is almost identical to that for the optimum MTMD‐1 (without inclusion of the optimum MTMD‐1 with the near‐zero optimum average damping ratio). Recognizing these performance benefits, it is preferable to employ the optimum UM‐MTMD3 or the optimum MTMD‐1 without the near‐zero optimum average damping ratio, when installing the MTMD for the suppression of undesirable oscillations of structures under earthquakes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
74.
甚低频电磁法是一种基于电磁原理的地球物理手段,该方法对寻找受断裂构造控制的脉状矿床效果显著。在矿床勘查中,一般利用目标矿区(及外围)地质体对电磁波作用反映的物性特征进行扫面工作,用以快速发现覆盖层之下的矿化构造系统。本文通过对大兴安岭西南段某铜多金属矿点的实际应用,发现矿区内存在明显的甚低频异常,该异常为矿致异常,展示了良好的成矿前景。实践表明,在具备甚低频电磁法应用的地质、地球物理条件的前提下,通过对观测数据进行技术处理,并结合矿区针对性的地质研究,能够有效地揭示覆盖区断裂构造体系的产状及空间展布规律,达到对隐伏-半隐伏金属矿床快速评价的目的。 相似文献
75.
During the 20th century many floods of different intensity and extent have occurred on the Odra River and its tributaries. On the basis of long-term water level observations five major floods, that affected the entire upper and middle Odra River basin, were chosen for further analysis: June 1902, July 1903, August 1977, August 1985 and July 1997. However, hazardous floods were not only those that covered the whole upper and middle Odra River basin, so several local floods were also studied. Detailed historical analysis was made of meteorological conditions, with special emphasis on precipitation patterns and amounts. Then, on the basis of flood peak time occurrence, the stages of flood wave formation were formulated. The natural flood wave of the Odra River is often modified by hydro-technical infrastructure, the development and improvement of which is briefly described in this paper. In conclusion, a comparison of flood wave characteristics such as rising time, falling time, duration, peak flow and volume is presented. 相似文献
76.
利用全波场和分波场算法对裸眼井软地层中由单极子源和多极子源(偶极子源和四极子源)激发的弹性波进行了数值研究,给出了声波全波列理论波形、纯纵波和纯横渡理论波形及纵横波的频率传输特性曲线.结果表明,纯纵波和纯横波是无频散几何衰减波;除了在vs>(1-ρ1/ρ2)1/2v1的井眼中由单极子源激发的横波无传播特征频率外,纵横波都具有各自的传播特征频率,纵波的传播特征频率有一系列离散值,横波的传播特征频率只有一个且等于非对称模式波的截止频率;多极子源激发的纵波传播特征频率的最小值大于横波的传播特征频率,随着极子数增多,二者的特征频率值皆增高,差别也越大,因此,当声源发射主频较低,接近横波传播特征频率而远离纵波传播特征频率时,低频多极子源将压制纵波并激发出较强的横波,分析结果还表明,通常所说的低频多极子源激发出的横波波群实际上是纯横波与截止频率附近的非对称模式波叠加的结果,在其它条件不变时,二老对横波波群相对贡献的大小取决于声源激发主频的高低及其带宽的大小. 相似文献
77.
78.
79.
Initialization and initial imbalance problem were discussed in the context of a three-dimensional
variational data assimilation system of the new generation “Weather Research and Forecasting Model”. Several
options of digital filter initialization have been tested with a rain storm case. It is shown that digital filter
initialization, especially diabatic digital filter initialization and twice digital filter initialization, have effectively
removed spurious high frequency noise from initial data for numerical weather prediction and produced balanced
initial conditions. For six consecutive intermittent data assimilation cycles covering a 3-day period, mean
initialization increments and impact on forecast variables are studied. DFI has been demonstrated to provide
better adjustment of the hydrometeors and vertical velocity, reduced spin-up time, and improved forecast
variables quantity. 相似文献
80.
东亚大气环流的低频振荡及与韵律的关系 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
本文根据北半球500hPa高度场30年(1951—1980)平均的逐候格点资料,对气候平均的东亚各主要大气环流系统的年内变化进行了谐波分析和天气学分析.结果表明,东亚大气环流系统存在着三种主要的大气低频波:年波、半年波和30—50天的季内波;中、高纬度的大气环流以年波振荡为主,低纬度的大气环流以半年波振荡为主;30—50天的季内波是北半球各纬度上都存在的一种波,但它对总方差的贡献在低纬比中、高纬度大.此外,还讨论了年波和半年波这两种大气低频波与我国长期预报中常用的各种韵律指标特别是隔季相关现象的关系. 相似文献