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991.
半干旱地区播前灌溉和地膜覆盖对春小麦产量形成的影响 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13
两年大田试验研究了播前灌溉和地膜覆盖对春小麦产量形成及水分利用的影响。试验设4个处理, 对照(CK)、播种前灌水30mm(W), 覆膜60d(M)和播种前灌水30mm加覆膜60d(WM)。结果表明, 播前灌溉后土壤水分状况得到明显改善, 但由于土壤温度显著下降, 播前灌水会影响春小麦苗期的干物质积累。地膜覆盖在作物生育前期可以改善土壤水温条件, 促进干物质积累, 在后期则会导致土壤水分状况恶化, 导致收获指数的下降, 影响产量的形成和水分利用。在春小麦生产中将播前灌溉与地膜覆盖相结合: 一方面可以在作物出苗时及苗期改善土壤水温条件, 促进作物生长发育; 另一方面在产量形成的关键时期可以通过更好的水分条件去除覆膜的负效, 获得产量和水分利用效率的显著提高。 相似文献
992.
以生态平衡的观点,综合近几年来海南、湛江、台湾等地虾池中混养江蓠的试验结果,论述了虾池中栽培江蓠对提高对虾产量的重要性,说明了在虾池中混养江蓠是提高对虾产量的有效措施,还提出了江蓠在虾池中起了增氧和清洁水质的作用。 相似文献
993.
Pyropia yezoensis,an intertidal seaweed,experiences regular dehydration and rehydration with the tides.In this study,the responses of P.yezoensis to dehydration and rehydration under high and low CO 2 concentrations((600–700)×10-6 and(40–80)×10-6,named Group I and Group II respectively)were investigated.The thalli of Group I had a signifi cantly higher effective photosystem II quantum yield than the thalli of Group II at 71% absolute water content(AWC).There was little difference between thalli morphology,total Rubisco activity and total protein content at 100% and 71% AWC,which might be the basis for the normal performance of photosynthesis during moderate dehydration.A higher effective photosystem I quantum yield was observed in the thalli subjected to a low CO 2 concentration during moderate dehydration,which might be caused by the enhancement of cyclic electron fl ow.These results suggested that P.yezoensis can directly utilize CO 2 in ambient air during moderate dehydration. 相似文献
994.
In cold regions, the response and related antecedent mechanisms that produce flood flows from rainfall events have received limited study. In 2007, a small watershed at Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut, was studied in detail during the melt season. Two rainfall events on June 30 and July 22, totalling 9·2 and 10·8 mm, respectively, represented significant contributions to seasonal discharge and sediment transport in a year with a low winter snowpack. The precipitation events elevated discharge and suspended sediment concentrations to twice the magnitude of the nival melt, and generated the only measurable downstream lacustrine turbidity current of the season. In two days, rainfall runoff transported 35% of the seasonal suspended sediment load, in contrast to 29% transported over the nival freshet. The magnitude and intensity of the rain events were not unusual in this setting, but the rainfall response was substantial in comparison with equivalent past events. Exceptional temperatures of July 2007 generated early, deep permafrost thaw, and ground ice melt. The resultant increase in soil moisture amplified the subsequent rainfall runoff and sediment transport response. These results demonstrate the importance of antecedent moisture conditions and the role of permafrost active layer development as an important factor in the rainfall runoff and sediment transport response to precipitation events. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
995.
996.
In regions of western North America with snow‐dominated hydrology, the presence of forested watersheds can significantly influence streamflow compared to areas with other vegetation cover types. Widespread tree death in these watersheds can thus dramatically alter many ecohydrologic processes including transpiration, canopy solar transmission and snow interception, subcanopy wind regimes, soil infiltration, forest energy storage and snow surface albedo. One of the more important causes of conifer tree death is bark beetle infestation, which in some instances will kill nearly all of the canopy trees within forest stands. Since 1996, an ongoing outbreak of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) has caused widespread mortality across more than 600,000 km2 of coniferous forests in western North America, including numerous Rocky Mountain headwaters catchments with high rates of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) mortality from mountain pin beetle (Dendroctonous ponderosae) infestations. Few empirical studies have documented the effects of MPB infestations on hydrologic processes, and little is known about the direction and magnitude of changes in water yield and timing of runoff due to insect‐induced tree death. Here, we review and synthesize existing research and provide new results quantifying the effects of beetle infestations on canopy structure, snow interception and transmission to create a conceptual model of the hydrologic effects of MPB‐induced lodgepole pine death during different stages of mortality. We identify the primary hydrologic processes operating in living forest stands, stands in multiple stages of death and long‐dead stands undergoing regeneration and estimate the direction of change in new water yield. This conceptual model is intended to identify avenues for future research efforts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
997.
陕西夏玉米产量与气象条件的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用相关分析、正交多项式及积分回归等方法,对陕西1971～2003年夏玉米的单产与气象因子的关系进行了分析.得出：陕西夏玉米的气象波动指数为0.1672,占夏玉米产量波动的73.1%;气象产量存在着约5年的周期性波动;6月中、下旬降水量、7月下旬气温、8月中旬降水量和9月日照时数是影响陕西夏玉米产量的关键气象因子. 相似文献
998.
Crop yield is very sensitive to climate variability. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important contributors to global climate fluctuation, and therefore has a major impact on agricultural production. In this study, we structure an ENSO–climate fluctuation–crop yield early warning system to model the maize yield in Jilin and Liaoning Provinces in Northeast China. The system, which consists of a weather generator and a Model to capture the Crop Weather relationship over a Large Area (MCWLA), is not only capable of simulating the maize yield both at the provincial (regional) scale and the grid scale, but can also provide the exceedance probability of yield. Simulation results show maize yields in El Niño years to be higher on average than those in neutral years, while yields in La Niña years are the lowest. Spatially, the central part of the study area always shows a higher yield than other parts of the study, while yields in the northeast and northwest parts are relatively lower, no matter how high or low the exceedance probability and whatever the ENSO phase. Our study strongly implies that such a warning system shows considerable potential for application in other areas of China. 相似文献
999.
鄂尔多斯盆地TH坳陷某地区油藏储层致密,具有良好的油气勘探潜力,但致密油富集高产的主控因素不明确,严重制约着该区的高效勘探开发。利用地震、钻井、测井、地球化学和生产动态资料,开展研究区油藏地质特征研究,梳理延长组8段(以下简称长8段)致密油成藏条件,建立其主要成藏模式,识别致密油富集高产的主控因素。研究表明: ①延长组7段(以下简称长7段)优质烃源岩及上部泥岩盖层广泛展布,长8段水下分流河道有利储层发育,油气由长7段烃源岩向下充注到长8段砂体中,圈源匹配及保存条件有利,形成了致密砂岩油藏; ②储集砂体的规模及物性控制着石油储量及含油气丰度,燕山期构造形成的裂缝改善了致密砂岩物性,对应的裂缝发育区是日产油量大于1 t的主要区域; ③水平段钻遇断距较小的正断层上升盘开发效果较好,水平段钻遇断距较大的正断层下降盘开发效果较差,有利储集相带、有效裂缝改造和井位配置关系是控制致密油富集高产的主要因素。研究成果对研究区后续井位部署及油藏开发具有指导意义。 相似文献
1000.
云南省粮食供需安全状况及趋势研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对云南省近18年来粮食生产与需求进行对比,定量分析了当前云南省粮食供需状况,并在此基础上通过灰色系统GM（1,1）模型预测2010～2030年粮食产量,同时参照云南省的权威人口预测数据,对未来云南省粮食供需趋势进行预测。研究表明：在未来20多年内,云南省土地提供的粮食能基本满足全省居民温饱型的粮食消费水平,距小康型粮食消费水平有一定差距,达到富裕型粮食消费水平的可能性很小。根据研究结论和目前云南省粮食供需状况,提出了相关解决云南省粮食产能安全的对策和建议。 相似文献