Hydrothermal Fluid Sources of the Fengjia Barite–fluorite Deposit in Southeast Sichuan,China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes

The Fengjia barite–fluorite deposit in southeast Sichuan is a stratabound ore deposit which occurs mainly in Lower Ordovician carbonate rocks. Here we present results from fluid inclusion and oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to determine the nature and origin of the hydrothermal fluids that generated the deposit. The temperature of the ore‐forming fluid shows a range of 86 to 302 °C. Our detailed microthermometric data show that the temperature during mineralization of the fluorite and barite in the early ore‐forming stage was higher than that during the formation of the calcite in the late ore‐forming stage. The salinity varied substantially from 0.18% to 21.19% NaCl eqv., whereas the density was around 1.00 g/cm³. The fluid composition was mainly H₂O (>91.33%), followed by CO₂, CH₄ and traces of C₂H₆, CO, Ar, and H₂S. The dominant cation was Na⁺ and the dominant anion Cl^‐, followed by Ca²⁺, SO₄^2‐, K⁺, and Mg²⁺, indicating a mid–low‐temperature, mid‐low‐salinity, low‐density NaCl–H₂O system. Our results demonstrate that the temperature decreased during the ore‐forming process and the fluid system changed from a closed reducing environment to an open oxidizing environment. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data demonstrate that the hydrothermal fluids in the study area had multiple sources, primarily formation water, as well as meteoric water and metamorphic water. Combined with the geological setting and mineralization features we infer that the stratabound barite–fluorite deposits originated from mid–low‐temperature hydrothermal fluids and formed vein filling in the fault zone.     

桂西地区二叠系合山组铝土岩的沉积环境*

桂西地区二叠系合山组铝土岩的沉积环境存在海相、陆相之争。通过对桂西二叠系铝土岩的区域调查及钻孔样品微量元素地球化学数据的分析,认为桂西二叠系铝土岩产出于陆相环境。从铝土岩分布情况看,桂西二叠纪各孤立碳酸盐岩台地上均广泛分布铝土岩沉积,该区域产出特征证明矿层是在碳酸盐岩台地全部暴露地表的环境下形成的。从铝土岩层与下伏茅口组灰岩的接触关系来看,铝土岩层底部存在茅口组灰岩砾石,在部分剖面尚见下伏茅口组灰岩中充填铝土岩等现象,说明铝土岩矿化过程直接于茅口组灰岩的古喀斯特面上完成。此外,在矿层中发现古植物根茎化石也是铝土岩形成于陆相环境的有力证据。从微量元素地球化学结果来看,来自铝土岩层样品的硼含量均小于10×10^-6,Sr/Ba值范围为0.29~1.61,平均值为0.92,Rb/K值范围为0.0011~0.0025,平均值为0.0017,以上指标结合V/Zr-Zr/Cu图解的判别,结果均指示铝土岩形成于陆相淡水环境。     

渤海湾西岸QX02孔Ⅱ海的识别及OSL年龄

以渤海湾沿海低地的QX02孔为研究对象,进行了沉积岩石学分析和底栖有孔虫统计,结合加速器质谱~(14)C测年和光释光(optically stimulated luminescence,OSL)测年,探讨了该孔记录的第Ⅱ海相层埋深和形成时代。第Ⅱ海相层厚度11.4m,记录相对海面高度-26.83~-15.43m。AMS~(14)C年龄表明,Ⅱ海形成于MIS 3早期、甚至更早。OSL年代学研究显示,Ⅱ海样品等效剂量离散度较高,并且主要集中在2个区间,计算得到新、老2个年龄阶段。基于OSL测年原理的常规判断,认为较老的83.5~62.6ka阶段系受曝光不充分组分的影响,通常采用较年轻的51.9~39.9ka阶段为QX02孔的Ⅱ海沉积年龄。但是,较老的一组年龄从新的视角,暗示了可能的原始沉积过程及相应的海侵发生时间,因而具有重要的年代学和沉积学意义。     

四川江油马角坝刺林包剖面二叠-三叠系间粘土岩研究

二叠-三叠纪之交华南地区普遍发育火山成因的粘土岩,其对于了解二叠纪末大规模火山活动及扬子板块碎屑物质来源具有重要意义。本文对扬子西缘马角坝刺林包剖面飞仙关组底部粘土岩进行了碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及原位Hf同位素测试、X衍射和全岩地球化学分析,以揭示粘土岩的岩石成分及物源信息。镜下特征、X衍射及主量元素特征表明岩石中粘土矿物主要为伊利石,含少量方解石、石英。碎屑锆石年龄显示,特征峰值年龄主要集中在2 615~2 383、1 868~1 328、1 186~778和430~246 Ma,并出现~250 Ma特征高峰,结合原位Hf同位素特征表明锆石与秦岭造山带、华南典型PTB剖面粘土岩及峨眉山大火成岩省具有较高的相似性。同时,通过微量、稀土元素分析发现粘土岩中Zr、Hf、Th、Cr、Co、Ti相对富集,与华南典型PTB粘土岩和峨眉山玄武岩相近,并结合构造背景及锆石特征,综合认为刺林包剖面PTB粘土岩来自于秦岭造山带及龙门山岛链局部剥蚀区、二叠纪末火山活动和峨眉山大火成岩省剥蚀岩体。     

辽西地区北票组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征的差异性

北票组是辽西地区重要的一套煤系地层,被认为是该区油气勘探的重要目的层.坤头营子剖面和卧龙剖面是该区较为有代表性的北票组地层剖面,对于研究北票组的沉积环境、有机质来源等具有重要意义.采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）等技术对2个剖面的烃源岩样品进行了分析测试,结果显示两组样品表现出不同的地球化学特征.坤头营子剖面的烃源岩样品抽提物正构烷烃的质量色谱图均为单峰态,主峰碳数以C₁₉为主,姥鲛烷/植烷比值（Pr/Ph）在3.0~4.0之间;甾烷系列中以C₂₉甾烷为优势,C₂₃三环萜烷含量相对较低,伽马蜡烷指数低（平均0.08）.取自卧龙剖面的样品质量色谱图大部分呈现双峰态,Pr/Ph值低;甾烷系列中C₂₇占优势,萜烷系列中C₂₃三环萜烷含量高,具有较高的伽马蜡烷含量（平均0.23）,且各项生标成熟度参数均已达到异构平衡化阶段.结合样品的全岩分析显微组分分析结果,认为两者主要差异可能是剖面附近的侵入岩造成,北票组烃源岩有机质具有陆源高等植物和低等水生生物双重来源,以陆源高等植物为主.     

对冀北-辽西-大兴安岭地区晚中生代地层划分、对比的区域构造学思考

根据冀北-辽西-大兴安岭地区晚中生代具有相关沉积建造组合、火山-沉积建造组合、生物组合和构造类型组合特征,提出建立与造山运动"同期"的构造地层单位概念.认为这种构造地层单位的概念有利于以区域构造演化为主线,理解"同造山期"陆缘活化区陆相沉积以及火山-沉积盆地地层系统的复杂性,并从区域构造学角度提出该地区地层划分、对比的方案.     

滇西云县地区团梁子岩组变质岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

滇西云县—景洪一带广泛出露的中元古界团梁子岩组是一套与扬子基底岩系密切相关的中低变质沉积岩夹火山岩系,其形成时代、沉积充填序列及大地构造属性一直存在争议。出露于云县漫湾地区的团梁子岩组发育厚数米的绿片岩(原岩玄武岩)及绢云石英千枚岩(原岩流纹岩)。采集绢云石英千枚岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,分别获得1497±14Ma的岩浆结晶年龄和893±17.3Ma、425±15.7Ma、321±27Ma的变质年龄。认为团梁子岩组中以绿片岩、绢云石英千枚岩为主体的原始沉积岩系形成于中元古代中期,在新元古代全球性的格林威尔造山过程中被青白口纪花岗岩侵入并发生变质作用;在古特提斯洋俯冲过程中,经历古生代造弧作用;同时还获单颗粒2310±15Ma的碎屑锆石,推测滇西云县地区应存在古元古代的结晶基底,由此可知,团梁子岩组应是扬子陆块褶皱基底岩系的组成部分。     

Occurrence and conceptual sedimentary model of Cambrian gypsum-bearing evaporites in the Sichuan Basin,SW China

During the Cambrian, gypsum-bearing evaporites formed in the Sichuan Basin, SW China. These rocks are important for oil and gas sealing, but details of their distribution and origin are not well established. This study examines the regional distribution and origin of the gypsum-bearing evaporites using a comprehensive analysis of drilling data from 34 wells, 5 measured cross-sections in the basin and surrounding area, and 96 maps of area-survey data. Results show that in the stratigraphic succession, the gypsum-bearing evaporites occur mainly in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, the Middle Cambrian Douposi Formation, and the Middle-Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Group. Geographically, the rocks are found mainly in the southeastern part of the basin, and the distribution of deposits shows an overall SW-NE trend. The sedimentary environments for evaporite formation were evaporative lagoon and inter-platform basin in a platform setting. Gypsum was generated by the underwater concentration of sea water in a strongly evaporative environment. Both an evaporative restricted platform and a mixeddeposition restricted platform model appear to be applicable to the development of gypsum in the Sichuan Basin. The gypsum-bearing evaporites with the best sealing capacity are located mostly in the southeastern part of the basin. These constraints can be applied directly to regional exploration, and have implications for the regional paleogeography and paleoclimate.     

豫西崤山东部中河岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Lu-Hf同位素特征

中河花岗斑岩体位于河南省崤山东部,该岩体是最近发现的中河大型银铅锌矿床的成矿母岩。选取2件花岗斑岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得2件样品的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为(129±0.7)Ma(MSWD=0.78)和(131±1.5)Ma(MSWD=1.70),表明中河岩体形成于早白垩世。岩石地球化学特征显示,中河岩体具有高的w(SiO_2)和w(K_2O)、低的w(Na_2O),其A/CNK比值为1.03~1.63,Mg#值介于25~50,总体上属于过铝质-强过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列。岩石具有低的w(Yb),中等-弱的铕负异常,稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土元素富集型,轻稀土元素分馏相对强烈,但重稀土元素分馏不明显。中河岩体有相对低的w(Sr)和w(Y),且富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、U、K和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Hf、Ti和重稀土元素。中河岩体锆石εHf(t)值为-34.4~-23.2,平均为-26.9,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄介于2485~3182 Ma,平均为2714 Ma。岩石地球化学特征及Hf同位素组成表明中河岩体的岩浆源区主要为新太古代地壳物质,并有少量的中太古代地壳物质,中-新太古代增生的具有弧岩浆特征的地壳物质部分熔融形成了早白垩世的中河岩体。     

河南崤山金矿床流体包裹体及同位素特征

崤山金矿床位于华北克拉通南缘的豫西地区,矿体大多呈脉状产于断裂带内。成矿期可以划分为3个阶段:(1)石英-黄铁矿阶段;(2)石英-多金属硫化物阶段;(3)石英-碳酸盐阶段。成矿期石英中发育气液两相水溶液包裹体(WL型)和H_2O-CO_2包裹体(C型)。石英-黄铁矿阶段发育WL型和C型包裹体,它们的均一温度为300~393℃,盐度w(NaCl_(eq))为1.6%~11.0%,密度介于0.57~0.82 g/cm~3;石英-多金属硫化物阶段亦发育WL型和C型包裹体,它们的均一温度为261~298℃,盐度w(NaCl_(eq))为1.1%~11.8%,密度介于0.74~0.89 g/cm~3;石英-碳酸盐阶段仅见WL型包裹体,其均一温度为193~258℃,盐度w(NaCl_(eq))介于2.2%~12.7%,密度为0.87~0.97g/cm~3。成矿流体具有中高温、中低盐度、低密度等特征,属于H_2O-NaCl±CO_2体系。崤山金矿石英的δ~(18)OH_2O值介于0.7‰~4.5‰之间,δDV-SMOW值介于-47.8‰~-69.5‰之间。H-O同位素结果表明成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水。矿石硫化物的δ_(34)SV-CDT值为0.7‰~3.9‰,206Pb/204Pb值为17.391~17.728,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值为15.420~15.577,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值为37.420~37.923。S-Pb同位素结果表明成矿物质主要来源于花岗质岩浆。崤山金矿为中温热液脉型金矿,流体相分离和温度的降低是导致矿质沉淀的主要机制。