疏勒河下游安西古沼泽全新世沉积物粒度特征及其古气候环境意义

通过对安西古沼泽沉积物沉积特征分析,粒度特征分析,孢粉分析并结合年代学资料,研究了安西古沼泽全新世古沼泽进退演化过程、疏勒河中下游河川径流量的变化及河西走廊西部地区古气候环境变化特征。研究结果表明:晚更新世末至全新世河西走廊西部地区气候总体趋于暖湿,但气候冷干—暖湿波动频繁交替。安西古沼泽全新世沉积物4个粒度旋回:①366328 cm,328294 cm;②294240 cm,240206 cm;③206196 cm,196148 cm;④14854 cm,540 cm,可能代表河西走廊西部地区晚更新世末至全新世以来4个气候冷干—暖湿波动周期。      

On the Systematic Position of Eosipterus yangi Ji et Ji, 1997 among Pterodactyloids

1 Introduction Eosipterus yangi is the first pterosaur found from western Liaoning Province (Ji and Ji, 1997). Since then, more and more pterosaurs have been reported (Ji and Ji, 1998; Wang and Lü, 2001; Wang et al., 2002, 2005; Wang and Zhou, 2003, 2004; Lü, 2003; Ji et al., 2004; Lü and Ji, 2005a, b; Dong and Lü, 2005; Lü and Yuan, 2005; Lü and Zhang, 2005; Lü et al., 2006). Because Eosipterus yangi lacks skull, it is difficult to resolve its relationships to other pterodact…     

EARLY PALEOZOIC SUBDUCTION-RELATED ACCRETIONARY COMPLEX IN WESTERN KUNLUN

EARLY PALEOZOIC SUBDUCTION-RELATED ACCRETIONARY COMPLEX IN WESTERN KUNLUN     

川中地区上三叠统须四段砂体成因及对油气运移影响分析

川中地区上三叠统须四段砂体沉积过程中,由于构造活动强弱的变化,导致物源供应速率与可容纳空间增长之间关系的变化,须四段厚层砂体自下而上由水退式、加积式和水进式3种不同成因类型的砂组纵向叠合而成.水退式砂组主要由高能削截式河道、削截式河口坝和远砂坝组成,加积式砂组主要包括冲蚀下切式河道和高能削截式河道,水进式砂组主要包括低能河道、低能削截式河道、完整式河口坝和下缺式河口坝.不同砂组中砂体类型不同,颗粒大小分异不同,水动力强弱的差异,不同成因砂体间形成了不同的成岩相和储集相,加积式砂组以绿泥石衬边和溶蚀成岩相为主,物性好,为好的储集体;水进式砂组由压实和胶结相为主,物性较差;水退式砂组中溶蚀相和胶结相发育,物性较好,为中等的储集体.须四段三种成因砂组中,加积式砂组中发育高能削截式河道,形成了在平面上广泛分布的高能水道,砂体厚度大,延伸长,发育有利的成岩相,物性较好,为油气的富集提供了足够的空间;同时加积式砂组与水退式砂组呈沉积不整合相接触,呈现相嵌关系,对天然气的运移起到通道作用,加积砂组向上的水进式砂组容易发生储层致密化,形成有利的盖层,使加积式砂组发育区成为川中天然气富集的有利部位.     

Application of PSO-LIBSVM in Recognition of Potassium Salt Deposits

The shortage of potassium salt seriously restricts the development of China's agriculture. Increasing the exploration and development of potash will help improve the self-sufficiency of potassium in China. With rich potassium salt resources, Sichuan basin is one of the most important research areas for potash exploration and development in China. Polyhalite is an important solid potassium salt mineral in Sichuan basin, often intercalated in rock minerals such as anhydrite, rock salt and dolomite. Aiming at the problem that conventional log interpretation methods are difficult to accurately identify polyhalites, this paper proposed a new Support Vector Machine (SVM) recognition method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to classify polyhalites in Sichuan basin. Based on particle swarm optimization and support vector machine theory, combined with logging interpretation theory, the effective data sensitive to polyhalite logging response were selected as input samples to generate training sets and test sets randomly. The Radial Basis Function (RBF) parameters were optimized by particle swarm optimization, and the classification and prediction model of polyhalite was established. Compared with mud logging results, the recognition accuracy of SVM model based on particle swarm optimization reached 97.5758%, which is obviously better than that of SVM model optimized by cross validation method in recognition accuracy and speed. The results show that the model has broad application prospects in potash exploration in Sichuan basin.     

Petrology and U–Pb zircon dating of coesite-bearing metapelite from the Kebuerte Valley,western Tianshan,China

This paper deals with the petrology and U–Pb dating of coesite-bearing garnet–phengite schist from the Kebuerte Valley, Chinese western Tianshan. It mainly consists of porphyroblastic garnet, phengite, quartz and chlorite with minor amounts of paragonite, albite, zoisite and chloritoid. The well preserved coesite inclusions (∼100 μm) in garnet are encircled by a narrow rim of quartz. They were identified by optical microscopy and confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Using the computer program THERMOCALC, the peak metamorphic conditions of 29 kbar and 565 °C were obtained via garnet isopleth geothermobarometry. The predicted UHP peak mineral assemblage comprises garnet + jadeite + lawsonite + carpholite + coesite + phengite. The metapelite records prograde quartz–eclogite-facies metamorphism, UHP coesite–eclogite-facies peak metamorphism, and a late greenschist-facies overprint. Phase equilibrium modeling predicts that garnet mainly grew in the mineral assemblages garnet + jadeite + lawsonite + chloritoid + glaucophane + quartz + phengite and garnet + jadeite + lawsonite + carpholite + glaucophane + quartz + phengite. SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating of the coesite-bearing metapelite yielded the peak metamorphic age 320.4 ± 3.7 Ma. For the first time, age data of coesite-bearing UHP metapelite from the Chinese western Tianshan are presented in this paper. They are in accord with published ages obtained from eclogite from other localities in the Chinese western Tianshan and the Kyrgyz South Tianshan and therefore prove a widespread occurrence of UHP metamorphism.     

四川盆地原油裂解气的有利地温场分布及其演化特征

为了确定四川盆地原油裂解气的有利分布区,利用镜质体反射率古温标重建了四川盆地的热演化史,分析了四川盆地下三叠统飞仙关组原油裂解的有利地温场分布范围及其演化特征。结果表明：四川盆地各构造单元自三叠纪以来的热流演化是不一致的,川东北地区热流在地质历史时期最低,川中地区热流也较低,而川西北和川西地区热流演化最高,这种差异与青藏高原隆升及峨眉山玄武岩地幔柱有关;四川盆地在二叠纪时期热流明显高于其他时期,但高热流持续时间较短,这主要受岩浆侵入的影响;四川盆地飞仙关组原油裂解气的有利地温分布区是不断变化的,侏罗纪末期其几乎遍及整个四川盆地,白垩纪末期其范围缩小,古近纪末期其收缩至川西和川中部分地区,现今范围则最小,主要分布在川西部分地区;控制原油裂解气分布区的主要因素是古地温场,尤其是地温最高时期的地温场,而与现今地温场的关系并不密切。     

珠江口西部海域表层沉积物重金属元素多尺度空间变化特征

笔者应用因子克里格分析方法,研究了珠江口西部海域388个表层沉积物中7种重金属元素Cd, Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr和As的空间结构特征,识别并分离了重金属元素不同尺度的空间主成分及其分布特征,探讨了不同空间尺度重金属的物源及控制因素。结果显示,研究区7种重金属元素在空间上存在块金尺度、局部尺度(变程为60 km的球状结构)和区域尺度(变程为160 km的球状结构)3种尺度的空间变化。以迭代算法模拟了研究区重金属元素线性协同区域化模型。根据不同尺度上区域化因子的主成分得分分布特征可知:局部尺度上,F₁因子(Zn,Cr,Ni,Cu)和F₂因子(As)的高值区表现为"牛眼"状局部特征,并分布在陆地沿海的河口或者港湾区,指示了可能受人为污染成分影响的重金属区域。其中,雷州半岛东部沿海是最可能的重金属污染区,其空间分布主要受控于局部的地形、海流等因素。F₂因子不同于F₁的空间分布,主要在于As不同于Zn,Cr,Ni,Cu等的地球化学行为。区域尺度上,F₁(Zn,Cr,Ni)和F₂(As)因子主要反映了不同陆源母岩物质的影响。Zn,Cr,Ni等主要源于华南大陆陆源母岩物质,而As主要受到海南岛陆源母岩物质的控制。F₁和F₂因子得分高值区整体上表现为NNE向自陆地向较深海域延伸的"片状"分布特征,推测其主要受到海平面变化及NNE向区域性海洋环流的控制。     

川中东北部地区须家河组储层发育主控因素分析

川中东北地区须家河组储层虽然在整体上属于低孔～低渗储层,但在局部仍然发育孔渗相对较好的优质储层。这里通过对沉积作用、成岩作用,以及破裂作用如何影响储层发育程度等方面进行研究,探讨并分析了须家河组优质储层的形成条件与影响因素。研究区须家河组砂岩属辫状河三角洲沉积体系,以发育水上、水下分流河道为显著特征。储层经历了较为复杂的成岩演化过程,受多种成岩作用综合影响。研究认为:沉积相是研究区须家河组优质储层形成的基本条件,岩性是优质储层形成的物质基础,成岩作用是优质储层形成最重要的控制因素,而裂缝是优质储层形成的关键。