富拉尔基浅层水平井钻井技术应用分析

齐齐哈尔富拉尔基油田拥有丰富的浅层稠油资源,油藏埋深浅,油层薄,由于地面条件限制不能采用直井开发,长城钻探工程有限公司钻井三公司在该区块施工了7口浅层水平井。浅层水平井钻井因地面与目的层距离短,钻井完井过程中面临一些特定的技术难题。针对施工难点进行分析,从钻具组合设计、地质导向技术和钻井液优化设计三方面出发,实现安全优质高效钻井。     

武汉-1超深地热井钻井成井工艺

根据设计要求及地质特征,武汉-1超深井采用回转钻进、泥浆泵正循环、牙轮钻头钻进、钻铤给压钻进工艺,采用合理的钻探技术参数保证地热井结构及垂直度符合设计要求,并对泥浆进行降密度、提粘、提切并加入适量堵漏剂的方法堵漏,取得了良好效果。抽水试验说明该井出水能力较强,热储层含水层富水性较好,且水温不受气温影响,在井流试验过程中水温损失所占比例较小,证明了本井的钻井和成井技术是合理的。介绍了武汉-1井的钻井成井工艺及抽水试验成果。     

解析法确定干扰井群的合理布局

本文采用解析法理论公式计算绘制了干扰井群的井距厂与涌水量干扰系数α之间的曲线，以期代替传统的互阻孔抽水试验法，确定干扰井群的合理布局。     

Sedimentary processes controlling ultralong cells of littoral transport: Placer formation and termination of the Orange sand highway in southern Angola

This study focuses on the causes, modalities and obstacles of sediment transfer in the longest cell of littoral sand drift documented on Earth so far. Sand derived from the Orange River is dragged by swell waves and persistent southerly winds to accumulate in four successive dunefields in coastal Namibia to Angola. All four dunefields are terminated by river valleys, where aeolian sand is flushed back to the ocean; and yet sediment transport continues at sea, tracing an 1800 km long submarine sand highway. Sand drift would extend northward to beyond the Congo if the shelf did not become progressively narrower in southern Angola, where drifting sand is funnelled towards oceanic depths via canyon heads connected to river mouths. Garnet–magnetite placers are widespread along this coastal stretch, indicating systematic loss of the low‐density feldspatho‐quartzose fraction to the deep ocean. More than half of Moçamedes Desert sand is derived from the Orange River, and the rest in similar proportions from the Cunene River and from the Swakop and other rivers draining the Damara Orogen in Namibia. The Orange fingerprint, characterized by basaltic rock fragments, clinopyroxene grains and bimodal zircon‐age spectra with peaks at ca 0·5 Ga and ca 1·0 Ga, is lost abruptly at Namibe, and beach sands further north have abundant feldspar, amphibole‐epidote suites and unimodal zircon‐age spectra with a peak at ca 2·0 Ga, documenting local provenance from Palaeoproterozoic basement. Along with this oblique‐rifted continental margin, beach placers are dominated by Fe–Ti–Cr oxides with more monazite than garnet and thus have a geochemical signature sharply different from beach placers found all the way along the Orange littoral cell. High‐resolution mineralogical studies allow us to trace sediment dispersal over distances of thousands of kilometres, providing essential information for the correct reconstruction of ‘source to sink’ relationships in hydrocarbon exploration and to predict the long‐term impact of man‐made infrastructures on coastal sediment budgets.     

塞尔维亚贾达尔盆地超大型锂硼矿床

锂和硼有着广泛的用途,我国常年大量进口锂和硼矿石。近些年在塞尔维亚贾达尔盆地中发现一个特殊的超大型锂硼矿床,与Rio Tinto、Pan Global Resources和Ultra Lithium等公司一样,我国地勘单位正在这一矿区进行勘查工作,因此对该地区的锂硼矿床地质特征进行总结和报道很有必要。该矿床的矿石矿物是世界独有的既含锂也含硼的羟硼硅钠锂石(Jadarite)[LiNaSiB_3O_7(OH)],其含B_2O_3 47.2%,含Li_2O 7.3%,密度2.46g/cm~3。已有资料显示,找矿标志层为中新统湖相沉积岩中的凝灰岩层,矿体具有电阻率小于4.4Ω·m和重力异常值小于-15mGal的特征。该矿床设施齐全,且选矿和化工处理简便,短期内可获得硼和锂产品。     

岩气参数井小井眼钻井技术——以常页1井为例

在页岩气勘探初期布署实施的参数井,可采用小井眼钻井技术降低钻井成本。论文以湘西北常德地区太阳山背斜页岩气参数井常页1井施工为例,介绍了页岩气小井眼钻井技术的关键组成部分,包括：钻井设备的选型与配置、钻具结构组合、钻井工艺参数的选择和优化、泥浆体系的选择和性能维护、绳索取心技术、含气量现场解吸测试、常见事故的预防和处理、完井工艺等。小井眼钻井技术的成功应用表明,小井眼钻井技术不仅能较好满足页岩气勘探初期的钻井目的,而且能缩短钻井周期,降低钻井成本,取得较大的经济效益。     

欠平衡钻进技术在煤层气水平井施工中的应用

为防止对煤层储层的伤害与污染,欠平衡钻进技术目前被广泛应用于煤层气水平井施工中。本次施工是在水平井与直井,在煤层中连通以后,通过直井注气,降低水平井与竖直井筒中环空内多相流体静液柱压力,达到欠平衡钻进的目的。总结了煤层气欠平衡钻进施工工艺方面存在的问题及解决方法：一是由于在钻进过程中需要停泵加尺造成循环系统的不稳定性（压力波动）,造成井壁的不稳定易坍塌,现场施工时主要通过直井持续注气但适当调整注气量来解决;二是在空压机排气量无法调节的情况下,注气量主要通过旁通阀开通的大小来调节。为该地区以后的煤层气欠平衡钻进技术积累了宝贵的经验。     

2010年玉树7．1级地震前后气温变化分析

利用距平方法分析了2010年青海玉树7．1级地震前后玉树及周边台的气温变化,结果表明,在玉树地震前,从2001年到2010年,气温存在一个长达10年的趋势上升变化,总升温幅度约1．7℃,地震后气温很快下降恢复到趋势上升前的水平。比较玉树气温与周边气温的变化过程,在玉树地震前后,玉树气温变化与周边气温变化存在明显的差异,初步分析认为玉树气温的异常变化与玉树地震孕育和发生存在一定的联系。     

武山气氡脱气装置改进试验介绍

为了排除模拟采样的影响,对武山气氡的脱气装置进行了改进。通过对比脱气装置改进前后产出的数据,改进后的资料数据明显好于改进之前。