High‐precision Dating and Geological Significance of Chang 7 Tuff Zircon of the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin in Central China

The Ordos Basin, as the second largest petroliferous basin of China, contains abundant oil and gas resources, oil shale, and sandstone-type uranium mineral resources. Chang 7 shale is not only the major source rock of the Mesozoic petroliferous system of the Basin, but is also crucial in determining the space-time distribution relationship of the shale section for the effective exploration and development of the Basin's oil and gas resources. To obtain a highly precise age of the shale development section, we collected tuff samples from the top and bottom profile of the Chang 7 Member, Yishi Village, Yaoqu Town, Tongchuan District, on the southern margin of the Ordos Basin and performed high-precision chemical abrasion(CA)–isotope dilution(ID)–thermal ionization mass spectrometry(TIMS) zircon U-Pb dating on the basis of extensive laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating data. Our results show the precise ages of the top and bottom zircon in the Chang 7 shale to be 241.06±0.12 Ma and 241.558±0.093 Ma, respectively. We first obtained Chang 7 age data with Grade 0.1-Ma precision and then determined the age of the shale development in the Chang 7 Member to be the early-Middle Triassic Ladinian. This result is supported by paleontological evidence. The deposition duration of the Chang 7 shale is 0.5 Ma with an average deposition rate of the shale section being 5.3 cm/ka. Our research results provide time scale and basic data for further investigation of the basin–mountain coupling relation of the shale section, the sedimentary environment and volcanic ash and organic-matter-rich shale development relation, and the organism break-out and organic-matter enrichment mechanism.     

井地2.5维DC反演研究

开展了不同观测方式的井地2.5D直流电阻率反演研究。①从2.5维直流电阻率满足的边值问题出发,采用变分原理结合节点线性基函数推导了2.5维井地DC满足的积分弱解形式;②构建了二阶最大平滑稳定泛函的2.5维井地直流电阻率正则化目标函数,采用共轭梯度算法对正则化目标函数进行最优化求解,并采用逐步衰减正则化因子的求解策略来提高反演的稳定性;③设计了均匀半空间模型得到的数值解与解析解对比,电位的相对误差在2%以内,阐述正演算法的正确性和高精度。另外,分析了不同观测装置的2.5维井地直流电阻率异常体特征,并对不同观测方式对2.5维井地DC理论数据进行反演研究。研究结果表明,井中数据的引入提高了2.5DC对纵向探测的分辨率能力,同时提高了2.5DC反演有效性以及准确性。     

山西省王村地区隐伏侵入岩体隆起区地热地质特征

祁县王村地区位于晋中盆地中部东缘,晋中盆地四周为活动断裂所控制,盆地内受不同方向的次级断层切割,形成隆凹起伏的次级构造单元。祁县王村隆起中心部位是一个岩浆岩侵入体。井深350~400m时水温28℃,多年来水温稳定,该区域存在地热异常。为了查明该区域深部地热地质条件,省地勘基金项目立项进行勘查,采用地球化学调查、地球物理勘查、地热钻探、水文测井等工作方法,推测隐伏岩体分布面积57km^2,地热勘探井深2905.65m时,井口水温仅39℃,含水层为岩体,上覆三叠、二叠系砂岩裂隙水,涌水量1064m^3/d,水化学类型为HCO3·Cl-Na型水。同时测温曲线反映,随着井深增加,井深2045.92m以下侵入岩浆岩体地层地温梯度未见明显增高,说明在长期的地壳构造活动中侵入岩浆岩体的大部分热量已散失,因此本区地热资源勘探开发前景有限。侵入岩体上覆砂岩热储层所含低温温水,对养殖业有一定的开发利用价值。     

鄂尔多斯盆地渭北地区上三叠统延长组长7油层组碳酸盐结核中自生碳酸盐矿物的特征

早期形成的碳酸盐结核在埋藏期间会经历多种碳酸盐矿物相沉淀的复杂胶结作用,岩石学研究是探究结核成因的关键。通过野外剖面观察、岩石学观察和阴极发光技术,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地渭北地区上三叠统延长组长7油层组泥页岩中各种形状的方解石和白云石结核中自生碳酸盐矿物的特征。这些结核为成岩早期的产物,构成结核的自生碳酸盐矿物特征显著:(1)球粒方解石结核中,方解石呈纤维状或刃片状,球粒间充填晶粒方解石或因压实呈贴面结合,纤维状方解石发桔红色和暗红色2种光,刃片状方解石发暗红色光;(2)粉晶方解石结核中,方解石呈他形粒状,含有机质包裹体或纤维状晶形残余,晶间含沥青和纤维状方解石残余,主要发暗红色光;(3)白云石结核有泥晶和粉晶2种晶体类型,粉晶白云石结核含较多泥质,泥质条带或有机质条带处常见纤柱状白云石;(4)沿裂缝充填的方解石和白云石常呈纤维状或纤柱状结构,发暗红色光或不发光。研究区长7油层组碳酸盐结核中的方解石和白云石具有不同的成因类型和复杂的胶结作用:球粒方解石和泥晶白云石代表了结核开始形成时的胶结作用,可以准确地反映结核的成因;粉晶方解石、粉晶白云石反映了交代成因;裂缝中纤维状、纤柱状方解石和白云石集合体则为结核经历了较强压实作用之后充填裂缝而成。     

煤层定向水平分支井预测方法研究

借鉴石油系统地质导向工作方法,提出煤层中水平段钻进确定煤层倾角的三维空间计算方法,以及如何指导进入着陆点后调整孔斜角的原则。根据不同地层产状下钻头钻进和钻出煤层的姿态,总结出在钻进过程中因煤层产状变化引起的8种不同脱靶(入靶)模式,并推导出三维空间内8种模式下真实煤层视倾角的计算方法。采用半定量的方法给出脱靶后调整钻孔轨迹的方法以及孔斜调整区间。通过钻探实例验证该预测算法能够指导减少脱靶,提高煤层钻遇率和钻井效率。     

基于地震波速度预测岩体物性参数模型与应用

以地震属性和钻孔测井参数为基础,依据试验数据构建数学模型,实现对煤层顶底板岩石物性参数的定量预测。通过试验拟合出纵横波波速之间关系、波速与密度的关系、动静杨氏模量、动静泊松比之间的关系,且相关程度较高。依据试验模拟结果对淮南刘庄区煤层顶底板岩石物性参数及孔隙度进行了预测。结果表明该地区的物性参数分布规律明显,且与实测结果吻合较好。模型计算与实例应用证实地震信息用于预测岩石力学参数具有可行性。     

Timings of early crustal activity in southern highlands of Mars:Periods of crustal stretching and shortening

Extensional and compressional structures are globally abundant on Mars. Distribution of these structures and their ages constrain the crustal stress state and tectonic evolution of the planet. Here in this paper, we report on our investigation over the distribution of the tectonic structures and timings of the associated stress fields from the Noachis-Sabaea region. Thereafter, we hypothesize possible origins in relation to the internal/external processes through detailed morphostructural mapping. In doing so, we have extracted the absolute model ages of these linear tectonic structures using crater size-frequency distribution measurements, buffered crater counting in particular. The estimated ages indicate that the tectonic structures are younger than the mega impacts events(especially Hellas) and instead they reveal two dominant phases of interior dynamics prevailing on the southern highlands, firstly the extensional phase terminating around3.8 Ga forming grabens and then compressional phase around 3.5-3.6 Ga producing wrinkle ridges and lobate scarps. These derived absolute model ages of the grabens exhibit the age ca. 100 Ma younger than the previously documented end of the global extensional phase. The following compressional activity corresponds to the peak of global contraction period in Early Hesperian. Therefore, we conclude that the planet wide heat loss mechanism, involving crustal stretching coupled with gravitationally driven relaxation(i.e.,lithospheric mobility) resulted in the extensional structures around Late Noachian(around 3.8 Ga). Lately cooling related global contraction generated compressional stress ensuing shortening of the upper crust of the southern highlands at the Early Hesperian period(around 3.5-3.6 Ga).     

油井动态与地震关系研究的新进展

对油井动态与地震关系进行了系统、深入研究,取得了新的进展,给出了油井动态多种观测参数间定量的相互关系数学表达式,给出了由油井压(水位)的变化反演含油(水)层应力变化的定量计算方法与程序,给出了多维的时、空、强大区域应力场的演化图像,给出了较科学的油井动态数据处理方法,对动态异常演化的时空分布特征与观测点所处的构造位置进行综合研究。     

胜利油田油水井动态与华北地震关系的初步分析

近些年来,在收集总结大量复杂多样的地震前兆资料中,油水井动态异常以其变化量显著而引人注目。本文以近几年华北地区所发生的地震为实例,旨在分析研究胜利油田油水井的产油量、产液量、油水井压力(地层压力)在震前震后的变化规律。     

地热勘探地质录井几个注意的问题

目前,北京市地热井的性质以探采结合为主,首先是“探”,其次是“采”。地质录井是地热勘探过程中获得原始资料最直接的方式,地质录井成果的质量对成井质量起着至关重要的作用。本文以北京市顺史区后沙峪地区顺后热-8地热井为例,针对地质录井工作中需要注意的岩样采集、钻进异常、地球物理测井和试井问题,进行了初步探讨。