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101.
裂隙岩体宏观力学参数的二维数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
岩体通常含许多不同尺度的裂隙,因而力学性质非常复杂。由于现场测试及常规实验室试验常受各种条件的限制,因而其不能准确反映岩体的宏观物理力学性质。本文基于有限元分析软件对二维情况下的完整岩体和含不同倾角的软弱夹层的岩体在单轴和双轴压缩下进行了数值模拟,得到岩体变形的应力-应变曲线。该类曲线能反映裂隙对岩体力学参数的影响,对于指导工程实践有一定的意义,并且为获取岩体力学参数提供了新的途径。 相似文献
102.
以鲁甸MS6.5地震震中附近的鲁甸大坪子泉水氡、 水质观测资料为基础, 通过对其地震前后的异常特征进行差异性对比, 分析认为震前地震活动丛集, 水氡、 水质异常持续时间较长, 幅度较大, 表现为破年变异常现象; 震后为小震群弱活动, 水氡、 水质异常幅度相对较小, 持续时间较短, 多次出现同步转折, 表现为介质弱化区的前兆异常特征。 从水样测试结果, GNSS位移观测资料、 GPS时间序列曲线及地震活动性等方面分析了鲁甸水氡、 水质的异常机理, 认为鲁甸的水质离子组分群体异常, 与区域的变形活动有关, 局部应力的不断积累, 加剧了地下深部物质活动及构造活动; 近期的同步转折现象属于介质弱化区应力调整状态下的前兆异常。 相似文献
103.
利用常规高空观测资料、浙江多普勒雷达产品、ERA5逐小时再分析资料(0.25°×0.25°),统计分析了2015—2021年浙江夏季(6—8月)弱天气尺度强迫背景下午后局地热对流(根据移动速度分为移动型和少动型两类)的时空分布特征、生命周期特征、环境参数特征等。(1)两类热对流触发频次相当,年际变化均较大,但年、月、日变化趋势基本一致,午后出现少动型局地热对流的可能性更大,而傍晚出现移动型局地热对流的可能性更大。(2)局地热对流的触发与地形密切相关,对流高频区位于浙东沿海、浙西北、浙西南山区,浙中北平原和盆地均为低频区,热对流触发频次均随高度增加而减少,多触发于山脉及其附近的中低海拔处,中高海拔地区更容易触发少动型局地热对流。(3)两类对流均在弱垂直风切变环境下即可触发,移动型单体更容易得到发展。 相似文献
104.
Praveen K. Malhotra 《地震工程与结构动力学》1999,28(11):1309-1326
Ground motions affected by directivity focusing at near-field stations contain distinct pulses in acceleration, velocity, and displacement histories. For the same Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and duration of shaking, ground motions with directivity pulses can generate much higher base shears, inter-storey drifts, and roof displacements in high-rise buildings as compared to the 1940 El Centro ground motion which does not contain these pulses. Also, the ductility demand can be much higher and the effectiveness of supplemental damping lower for pulse-like ground motions. This paper presents a simple interpretation of the response characteristics of three recorded and one synthetic near-field ground motions. It is seen that for pulse-like ground motions—similar to any other ground motion—the Peak values of Ground Acceleration, Velocity, and Displacement (PGA, PGV and PGD) are the key response parameters. Near-field ground motions with directivity effects tend to have high PGV/PGA ratio, which dramatically influences their response characteristics. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
105.
An experimental study on vortex-induced motions (VIM) of a deep-draft semi-submersible (DDS) was carried out in a towing tank, with the aim to investigate the VIM effects on the overall hydrodynamics of the structure. In order to study the fluid physics associated with VIM of the DDS, a comprehensive numerical simulation was conducted to examine the characteristics of vortex shedding processes and their interactions due to multiple cylindrical columns. The experimental measurements were obtained for horizontal plane motions including transverse, in-line and yaw motions as well as drag and lift forces on the structure. Spectral analysis was further carried out based on the recorded force time history. These data were subsequently used to validate the numerical model. Detailed numerical results on the vortex flow characteristics revealed that during the “lock-in”, the vortex shedding processes of the upstream columns enhance the vortex shedding processes of the downstream columns leading to the rapid increase of the magnitude of VIM. In addition to the experimental measurements, for the two uniform flow incidences (0° and 45°) investigated, comprehensive numerical data of the parametric study on the VIM characteristics at a wide range of current strength will also serve as quality benchmarks for future study and provide guidance for practical design. 相似文献
106.
An approximate‐simple method for nonlinear response estimates of reinforced concrete frames subjected to near‐field and far‐field records is presented in this paper. The approximate method is based on equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom and linear multi‐degree‐of‐freedom models. In this procedure, the nonlinear maximum roof displacement is estimated using an effective period factor and elastic response spectrum with an equivalent damping. The effective period factor was proposed for far‐field and near‐field ground motion records. For regions of high seismicity, the maximum roof displacement can be estimated by applying an effective period factor of 2.3 and 2.1 for near‐field and far‐field records, respectively, and 9% damped displacement response spectrum. For regions of moderate seismicity, a lower effective period factor of 1.9 and 1.8, for near‐field and far‐field records, respectively, can be applied to estimate the maximum roof displacement. A relationship between linear and nonlinear response of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom systems was also proposed to obtain estimates of the maximum inter‐story drift of nonlinear responding reinforced concrete frames. In addition, the effects of number of ground motion records used in the analyses on the scatters of results were investigated. The required number of ground motions to produce a reliable response was proposed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
107.
Performance of base‐isolated reinforced concrete buildings under bidirectional seismic excitation considering pounding with retaining walls including friction effects
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Seismic pounding of base‐isolated buildings has been mostly studied in the past assuming unidirectional excitation. Therefore, in this study, the effects of seismic pounding on the response of base‐isolated reinforced concrete buildings under bidirectional excitation are investigated. For this purpose, a three‐dimensional finite element model of a code‐compliant four‐story building is considered, where a newly developed contact element that accounts for friction and is capable of simulating pounding with retaining walls at the base, is used. Nonlinear behavior of the superstructure as well as the isolation system is considered. The performance of the building is evaluated separately for far‐fault non‐pulse‐like ground motions and near‐fault pulse‐like ground motions, which are weighted scaled to represent two levels of shaking viz. the design earthquake (DE) level and the risk‐targeted maximum considered earthquake (MCER) level. Nonlinear time‐history analyses are carried out considering lower bound as well as upper bound properties of isolators. The influence of separation distance between the building and the retaining walls at the base is also investigated. It is found that if pounding is avoided, the performance of the building is satisfactory in terms of limiting structural and nonstructural damage, under DE‐level motions and MCER‐level far‐fault motions, whereas unacceptably large demands are imposed by MCER‐level near‐fault motions. In the case of seismic pounding, MCER‐level near‐fault motions are found to be detrimental, where the effect of pounding is mostly concentrated at the first story. In addition, it is determined that considering unidirectional excitation instead of bidirectional excitation for MCER‐level near‐fault motions provides highly unconservative estimates of superstructure demands. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
108.
In this study, attempts are made to investigate the effects of inertial soil–structure interaction (SSI) on damping coefficients subjected to pulse-like near-fault ground motions. To this end, a suit of 91 pulse-like near-fault ground motions is adopted. The soil and superstructure are idealized employing cone model and single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillator, respectively. The results demonstrate that soil flexibility reduces and amplifies the damping coefficients for structural viscous damping levels higher and lower than 5%, respectively. The coefficients reach one for both acceleration and displacement responses in cases of dominant SSI effects. The effect of structure dimensions on damping confidents are found insignificant. Moreover, damping coefficients of displacement responses are higher than those of acceleration responses for both fixed-base and flexible-base systems. Evaluation of damping correction factor introduced by FEMA 440 shows its inefficiency to predict acceleration response of soil–structure systems under pulse-like near-fault ground motions. Soil flexibility makes the damping correction factor of moderate earthquakes more pronounced and a distinctive peak value is reported for cases with dominant SSI effects. 相似文献
109.
刘金汇 《CT理论与应用研究》2014,(6):931-938
在箱包CT检测中,当放射源活度很低的情况时,对CT成像进行了实验研究。利用多次累加的方法降低统计涨落和噪声的影响,使CT图像质量得到提高。实验证明对于弱信号情况下,利用多次累加的方法,CT成像具有比较高的质量,能够实现物性判别的要求。另外对于A/D量化误差也进行了分析。 相似文献
110.