East-west crustal structure and “down-bowing” Moho under the northern Tibet revealed by wide-angle seismic profile

We recognized 6 sets of reflecting P- and S-wave events from Moho and other interfaces within the crust, respectively, with the wide-angle seismic data acquired from 510 km-long Selincuo-Ya’anduo profile in the northern Tibet, fitted the observed events with forward modeling, and interpreted crustal structure of P- and S-wave velocities and Poisson’s ratio under the profile. The results demonstrate that the crustal structure between Yarlungzangbo and Bangong-Nujiang sutures changes abruptly, and the crust is the thickest at the middle part of the profile with thickness of 80 km or more. The “down-bowing” Moho is the striking feature for the crustal variation along the west-east direction. The Moho uplifts with steps, and the uplifting rate westward is greater than that eastward. The heterogeneity of P- and S-wave velocities exists both vertically and horizontally, and one lower velocity layer (LVL) exists with the depth range of 27–34 km and the thickness range of 5–7 km. For the upper crust, Poisson’s ratio is the lowest at the middle part of the profile; for the lower crust, the Poisson’s ratio at the east segment is lower than that at west segment, which means that the crustal rigidity for the upper crust is different from the lower crust, and the lower crust under the east segment of the profile is more ductile. We infer that the substance in the lower crust endured eastward flow along with the collision between Eurasian and Indian plates, and the “down-bowing” Moho is attributable to the multi-phase E-W tectonic processes.     

利用超前锚杆短循环法解决在砂砾石地层中隧洞挂口的技术难题

介绍在四川省荥经县泗坪罗家湾电站桥溪沟支洞工程的施工中，利用超前锚杆短循环法解决在砂砾石地层中挂口难题的一些具体措施和关键技术。     

Three Dimensional Plate Kinematics in Romania

Since 1996 the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 461``Strong Earthquakes: A Challenge for Geosciences andCivil Engineering' is funded by the DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) asa German contribution to the UN initiative``International Decade of Disaster Reduction' (IDNDR).A central project of this CRC is the subproject B1``Three Dimensional Plate Kinematics in Romania', whichis installed to detect borders of the geotectonicplates in Romania, to quantify their three-dimensionalmovement rates and to determine in detail thedeformation of each geotectonic unit in the VranceaRegion as a contribution to the research of thetectonic cause of the intermediate depth earthquakesin this region. These aims shall be accomplished byrepeated GPS-measurements in a network which has beeninstalled in 1997 and measured until now in 1997 and1998. This network is consisting of 26 stations,covering an area of 250 km × 380 km with the Vranceaarea as the centre. The geodetic frame is given by sixstations of the CEGRN (Central European GeodynamicRegional Network) of the CEI-initiative CERGOP, forwhich coordinates and velocities in a global tectonicscenario are available. The paper gives informationabout the tectonic background, the geodetic network,the GPS-measurements and the achieved accuracies andfirst results of deformation analyses. It is shownthat until now no significant deformations could bedetected. But the extension of the GPS network andremeasurements with time intervals of two years willallow statements about the recent crustal movementswithin the lifetime of the CRC 461.     

What is a Poor Quality Strong-Motion Record?

Some accelerograms are affected by non-standard recording and digitization problems that mean they are often not used in strong-motion studies. These non-standard problems cannot be corrected by the standard processing techniques that remove low and high-frequency noise from the time-history. Records from analogue instruments are more prone to these problems but even records from digital instruments, which are becoming increasingly common, can be affected by such errors. Since all strong-motion data is valuable it is important to know whether any useful information can be obtained from accelerograms that are affected by such problems. This article examines whether strong-motion records from analogue instruments that are missing their initial part due to late triggering of the instrument and also strong-motion records from digital instruments with low A/D converter resolution can be used for response spectral studies. It is found, by simulating such errors on high-quality strong-motion records, that good response spectral ordinates can be obtained from such `poor-quality' records within the period range of most engineering interest. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新疆巴楚-伽师6.8级地震序列震源特征的初步研究

利用喀什国家数字地震台记录的巴楚—伽师6．8级地震序列资料，通过恢复震源位移谱，跟踪分析了序列中3级以上地震的应力降，同时与1997年强震群结果进行对比，讨论了本次地震的应力释放情况。分析结果表明：本次6．8级地震序列与1997年强震群序列相比，地震的应力释放为高应力释放，地震发展成为强震群型的可能性较小。还结合S波偏振分析方法尝试判断了震区几次5级以上地震震源机制的相对变化以及目前的应力状态。     

大陆岩石圈解耦及块体运动讨论——以青藏高原—川滇地区为例

块体构造理论的发展不断地深化着人们对现今大陆岩石圈运动 ,尤其是大陆强震的孕育和发生规律的认识。块体底部边界的构造性质是块体运动的核心问题之一 ,同时也是块体构造理论研究中的薄弱环节。确定块体底部边界的岩石物理性质是利用地球物理方法探测和识别块体底部边界的前提。文中依据现代实验岩石学、实验岩石物理学、地球物理学、地质学等的研究成果 ,对块体底部边界之成因属性和岩石物理性质进行了分析。将大陆块体划分为两种基本类型———地壳型块体和岩石圈型块体。地壳型块体是由大陆上部地壳所构成的“薄板” ,壳内软弱带的顶面为其底部边界和潜在的解耦带。岩石圈型块体在岩石圈尺度上是力学耦合的 ,以上地幔软流圈的顶面为其底部边界。壳内软弱带具有垂直方向低速和各向异性的基本特征 ,联合多种地震测深方法有望确定块体的底界。在现今构造活动区内 ,地壳型块体的潜在解耦带可能由壳内部分熔融带承担。青藏高原南部—川滇地区 2 0 35km的深度上广泛存在低速带。地热、岩石学、实验岩石学和模拟均显示该地区的低速带具有部分熔融的成因属性。块体沿着该壳内低速层与下伏地壳发生某种程度解耦。     

A Study on Shear Wave Splitting for the Sequence of the Aftershocks of the Yao''''an M_S6.5 Earthquake in Yunnan Province

INTRODUCTIONS wavesplittingisnotonlystudiedintheory,buthasalsobeenthesubjectofalotoffieldobser vationsandcomputersimulationsinceCrampin (1978)raisedtheExtensiveDilatancyAnisotropy(EDA) .Thoseinvestigationstriedtotestifythecorrectnessofthehypothesis,namelythatthevertical lyparallelcracksappliedunderthestresshaveeffectiveanisotropy,whichcanresultinshearwavesplitting.Sincethe 1980s,thedigitalseismometerwithbroadbandandhighaccuracyhasbeenusedwidelyinseismicobservations,andtheprocessingtechn…     

On breaks of the Indian monsoon

For over a century, the term break has been used for spells in which the rainfall over the Indian monsoon zone is interrupted. The phenomenon of ’break monsoon’ is of great interest because long intense breaks are often associated with poor monsoon seasons. Such breaks have distinct circulation characteristics (heat trough type circulation) and have a large impact on rainfed agriculture. Although interruption of the monsoon rainfall is considered to be the most important feature of the break monsoon, traditionally breaks have been identified on the basis of the surface pressure and wind patterns over the Indian region. We have defined breaks (and active spells) on the basis of rainfall over the monsoon zone. The rainfall criteria are chosen so as to ensure a large overlap with the traditional breaks documented by Ramamurthy (1969) and Deet al (1998). We have identified these rainbreaks for 1901-89. We have also identified active spells on the basis of rainfall over the Indian monsoon zone. We have shown that the all-India summer monsoon rainfall is significantly negatively correlated with the number of rainbreak days (correlation coefficient -0.56) and significantly positively correlated with the number of active days (correlation coefficient 0.47). Thus the interannual variation of the all-India summer monsoon rainfall is shown to be related to the number of days of rainbreaks and active spells identified here. There have been several studies of breaks (and also active spells in several cases) identified on the basis of different criteria over regions differing in spatial scales (e.g., Websteret al 1998; Krishnanet al it 2000; Goswami and Mohan 2000; and Annamalai and Slingo 2001). We find that there is considerable overlap between the rainbreaks we have identified and breaks based on the traditional definition. There is some overlap with the breaks identified by Krishnanet al (2000) but little overlap with breaks identified by Websteret al (1998). Further, there are three or four active-break cycles in a season according to Websteret al (1998) which implies a time scale of about 40 days for which Goswami and Mohan (2000), and Annamalai and Slingo (2001) have studied breaks and active minus break fluctuations. On the other hand, neither the traditional breaks (Ramamurthy 1969; and Deet al 1998) nor the rainbreaks occur every year. This suggests that the `breaks’ in these studies are weak spells of the intraseasonal variation of the monsoon, which occur every year. We have derived the OLR and circulation patterns associated with rainbreaks and active spells and compared them with the patterns associated with breaks/active minus break spells from these studies. Inspite of differences in the patterns over the Indian region, there is one feature which is seen in the OLR anomaly patterns of breaks identified on the basis of different criteria as well as the rainbreaks identified in this paper viz., a quadrapole over the Asia-west Pacific region arising from anomalies opposite (same) in sign to those over the Indian region occurring over the equatorial Indian Ocean and northern tropical (equatorial) parts of the west Pacific. Thus it appears that this quadrapole is a basic feature of weak spells of the intraseasonal variation over the Asia-west Pacific region. Since the rainbreaks are intense weak spells, this basic feature is also seen in the composite patterns of these breaks. We find that rainbreaks (active spells) are also associated with negative     

软弱地基加固处理方法的应用

针对徐州市软弱土层地基，通过工程实例介绍了两种加固处理徐州市软弱地基的方法，根据应用效果分析认为，应针对不同软土组成的地基采用不同的加固处理方法，即若以饱和粉土层为主的地基宜采用干振碎石桩法，若以非粉土为主的饱和软粘土地基宜采用粉体喷射搅拌桩法。