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61.
C. S. M. Turney K. Van Den Burg S. Wastegrd S. M. Davies N. J. Whitehouse J. R. Pilcher C. Callaghan 《第四纪科学杂志》2006,21(4):335-345
High‐precision correlation of palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental records is crucial for testing hypotheses of synchronous change. Although radiocarbon is the traditional method for dating late Quaternary sedimentary sequences, particularly during the last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT; 15–9 ka), there are inherent problems with the method, particularly during periods of climate change which are often accompanied by major perturbations in atmospheric radiocarbon content. An alternative method is the use of tephras that act as time‐parallel marker horizons. Within Europe, numerous volcanic centres are known to have erupted during the LGIT, providing considerable potential for high‐precision correlation independent of past radiocarbon fluctuations. Here we report the first identification of the Vedde Ash and Askja Tephra in Ireland, significantly extending the known provenance of these events. We have also identified two new horizons (the Roddans Port Tephras A and B) and tentatively recognise an additional horizon from Vallensgård Mose (Denmark) that provide crucial additional chronological control for the LGIT. Two phases of the Laacher See Tephra (LST) are reported, the lower Laacher See Tephra (LLST) and probably the C2 phase of the Middle Laacher See Tephra (MLST‐C2) indicating a more northeasterly distribution of this fan than reported previously. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
62.
EM技术在我国水环境保护中的应用研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对EM技术在我国水环境保护中的应用情况进行了综述,重点介绍了EM技术应用于废水处理领域的研究进展,同时还展望了将来的应用及研究前景. 相似文献
63.
介绍了模糊控制中的设计思想及方法,并采用模糊控制的方法来改进实际生产中PID控制的一些控制难点。将改进方法应用在一大型水压机控制系统中并在实际生产中取得了理想效果。 相似文献
64.
J. van der Plicht B. van Geel S. J. P. Bohncke J. A. A. Bos M. Blaauw A. O. M. Speranza R. Muscheler S. Bjrck 《第四纪科学杂志》2004,19(3):263-269
Accurate chronologies are essential for linking palaeoclimate archives. Carbon‐14 wiggle‐match dating was used to produce an accurate chronology for part of an early Holocene peat sequence from the Borchert (The Netherlands). Following the Younger Dryas–Preboreal transition, two climatic shifts could be inferred. Around 11 400 cal. yr BP the expansion of birch (Betula) forest was interrupted by a dry continental phase with dominantly open grassland vegetation, coeval with the PBO (Preboreal Oscillation), as observed in the GRIP ice core. At 11 250 cal. yr BP a sudden shift to a humid climate occurred. This second change appears to be contemporaneous with: (i) a sharp increase of atmospheric 14C; (ii) a temporary decline of atmospheric CO2; and (iii) an increase in the GRIP 10Be flux. The close correspondence with excursions of cosmogenic nuclides points to a decline in solar activity, which may have forced the changes in climate and vegetation at around 11 250 cal. yr BP. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
65.
66.
华北地台东部石炭系—二叠系优质煤储层形成分布控制因素 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
优质煤储层在此指厚度大、分布广、储集物性好的煤层。沉积相对优质煤储层的形成和分布有重要控制作用。通过浅海和泻湖淤积填平发育起来的潮坪环境和三角洲环境是最有利的优质煤储层形成环境,煤储层厚度大、分布广。沉积环境对煤储层中的灰分含量和镜质组含量有重要影响,而灰分含量和镜质组含量又直接影响煤储层的储集物性。灰分充填了煤储层中的孔隙,其含量越高,储集物性越差;镜质组有利于割理的形成,其含量越高,储集物性越好。由于在灰分含量、煤岩显微组分等方面的差异,潮坪环境沉积的煤储层的储集物性优于三角洲的煤储层,下三角洲平原沉积的煤储层优于上三角洲平原沉积的煤储层。海平面变化对优质煤储层的形成和分布也有重要控制作用。高位体系煤储层富集,单层厚度大,横向分布相当稳定,尤其是高位体系域晚期,是形成优质煤储层最有利的层位。而水进体系域煤储层稀少,单层厚度小,横向分布不稳定,不利于优质煤储层形成。 相似文献
67.
A modified DRASTIC model for Siting Confined Animal Feeding Operations in Williams County,Ohio, USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Three of DRASTIC’s parameters (Depth to Water, Soil Media, and Topography) were modified and another parameter was added (land
use/land cover) to the model to determine the potential impact on groundwater from Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO)
manure lagoon settings and manure application as fertilizer. Williams County is a mostly agricultural county located in northwest
Ohio, USA. It currently has three CAFOs, all dairy, with the possibility of the construction of a multi-million chicken egg
CAFO in the near future. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was utilized to modify the Ohio Department of Natural Resources
(ODNR) DRASTIC map for the county to fully assess the county-wide pollution potential of CAFOs. The CAFO DRASTIC map indicates
that almost half of Williams County has elevated groundwater pollution potential. The rest of the county, primarily the southeast
corner, has lower CAFO groundwater pollution potential. Future CAFO development within the county should focus on the southeastern
portion of the county where the groundwater table is deeper, and the aquifer is composed of shale substrate with low hydraulic
conductivity. The CAFO DRASTIC results are intended to be used as a screening tool and are not to replace site-specific hydrogeologic
investigations. 相似文献
68.
Thomas B. Boving Mark H. Stolt Janelle Augenstern Brian Brosnan 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(3):571-582
The control of polluted surface runoff and the assessment of possible impacts on groundwater is a concern at the local and
regional scale. On this background, a study investigates possible impacts of organic and inorganic pollutants (including bacteria)
originating from a permeable asphalt parking lot on the water quality immediately beneath it. The functioning of the permeable
pavement, including clogging and restricted vertical percolation, was also evaluated. Four nested sample ports (shallow and
deep) were installed below low- and high-traffic areas, including one port outside the parking lot. At least initially there
was a good hydraulic connection between the parking surface and the shallow sample ports. The presence of a geotextile layer
at the base of the parking lot structure, however, was identified in lab tests as one factor restricting vertical percolation
to the deeper ports. Clogging of the permeable surface was most pronounced in heavy traffic areas and below snow pile storage
areas. Corroborated by high electric conductivity and chloride measurements, sand brought in by cars during winter was the
principal cause for clogging. No bacteria or BOD were found in percolating water. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were
present at concentrations near minimum detection limit. Nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) were being leached into the ground
via the permeable parking lot surface at annual flux rates of 0.45–0.84 g/m2/year. A multi-species tracer test demonstrated a retention capacity of the permeable parking lot structure of >90% for metals
and 27% for nutrients, respectively. 相似文献
69.
Glacier change and glacier runoff variation in the Tuotuo River basin,the source region of Yangtze River in western China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Glaciers in the Tuotuo River basin, western China, have been monitored in recent decades by applying topographical maps and
high-resolution satellite images. Results indicate that most of glaciers in the Tuotuo River basin have retreated in the period
from 1968/1971 to 2001/2002, and their shrinkage area is 3.2% of the total area in the late 1960s. To assess the influence
of glacier runoff on river runoff, a modified degree–day model including potential clear-sky direct solar radiation has been
applied to the glaciated regions of the river basin over the period 1961–2004. It was found that glacier runoff has increased
in the last 44 years, especially in the 1990s when a two-thirds increase in river runoff was derived from the increase in
glacier runoff caused by loss of ice mass in the entire Tuotuo River basin. 相似文献
70.
M. I. Holloway F. Bussy T. W. Vennemann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(1):111-121
Migmatites produced by low-pressure anatexis of basic dykes are found in a contact metamorphic aureole around a pyroxenite–gabbro
intrusion (PX2), on Fuerteventura. Dykes outside and inside the aureole record interaction with meteoric water, with low or
negative δ18O whole-rock values (+0.2 to −3.4‰), decreasing towards the contact. Recrystallised plagioclase, diopside, biotite and oxides,
from within the aureole, show a similar evolution with lowest δ18O values (−2.8, −4.2, −4.4 and −7.6‰, respectively) in the migmatite zone, close to the intrusion. Relict clinopyroxene phenocrysts
preserved in all dykes, retain typically magmatic δ18O values up to the anatectic zone, where the values are lower and more heterogeneous. Low δ18O values, decreasing towards the intrusion, can be ascribed to the advection of meteoric water during magma emplacement, with
increasing fluid/rock ratios (higher dyke intensities towards the intrusion acting as fluid-pathways) and higher temperatures
promoting increasing exchange during recrystallisation.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献