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121.
地下水水质预警信息系统研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
地下水水质预警是对地下水水质现状及变化趋势适时给出相应给别警戒信息的方法,包括状态预警和趋势预警两部分。以GIS技术为核心,将水质预警模型与GIS技术相结合,建立了地下水水质预警信息系统。并以吉林省西部平原地区地下水水质为例,研究了该区地下水水质恶化地区的分布、趋势、恶化预警等级及其成因。地下水水质预警系统为地下水资源管理,减少地下水水质恶化的风险提供了科学依据。 相似文献
122.
在简述盆地地质环境和含水系统、水文地质期与水压系统类型定位的基础上,通过建立数学模型,采用反演、比拟和地静压力等方法,模拟计算了各研究层在各研究时期泥岩压出水水头值(m),Es^2层的依次为2-28,2-26,2-6,2-16,0.5-3.5;Es^1层的依次为2-42,2-26,2-6,10-54,1-14;Ed层的依次为2-22,2-54,2-12;Ng层的依次为10-24,1-5;Nm层的为12-24。各研究层在各研究时期的压挤式水交替强度均小于1,累加值Es^2,Es^1,Ed层的均大于1,Ng,Nm层的小于1;Ed层渗入水交替强度为0.44。各研究层在各研究时期渗流场的高水压带位置和流动态具有相似性,并均以离心型流动型为主要特征。 相似文献
123.
124.
将广义Kопытов预测模型和乙型水驱曲线方法有机的结合起来,得到了油田开发中后期——递减时期的一种预测水驱开发油田的含水率、产油量、产水量及其相应的累积产量随开发时间变化的方法,此方法克服了在水驱油田预测开发指标中二者所存在的局限性。 相似文献
125.
成矿流体演化与成矿物理化学 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
成矿流体是富含挥发分 (CO2 、CH4等 )是具有较高含盐度的特殊地质流体。本文讨论了在流体演化过程中挥发分的来源 ,指出主要来自水岩作用、有机质分解及地幔去气和岩浆 ;碱金属及卤素同样具有多来源的性质 ,以海水、含盐系淋滤、建造水为主要来源 ,含盐系重熔可以形成富含碱金属的成矿流体。流体演化过程中氢氧同位素、硫同位素的分馏主要与温度、水岩比值或硫源丰度有关。一个重要的结论是 ,成矿流体的形成主要与地质作用有关 ,而流体来源是次要的。海底热水流体的地球化学特征以高δ3 4 S值、中稀土富集及正铕异常为特征。本文总结了热水流体成矿物理化学条件 ,指出水热流体物相点 :1) 10 80℃ ,7.5× 10 8Pa水溶液与硅酸岩熔浆分熔点 ;2 )水溶液的第二个临界点是气水溶液的超临界点 (374.15℃ ,2 .2 1× 10 7Pa) ;3)水溶液的沸点 (≥ 10 0℃ ,≥ 1× 10 5Pa) ;4)水溶液的冰点 (≤ 0℃ ,1× 10 5Pa) ;5 )H2 O CO2 体系的不混溶温度点 (2 6 6℃ ,2 .15×10 8Pa[1 3 ] 等是重要的成矿相变点。 相似文献
126.
小波变换在少震、弱震区地下水位数据分析中的应用 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
利用小波变换和多尺度分析原理,对位于少震弱震区的湖南的具有不同变化形态的6口典型井4年的水位日均值序列进行了分析。结果显示,通过多尺度分析可以很方便地将水位日均值序列中的高频部分与低频部分分开,而且对不同井孔的含水层系统而言,分离出去的频率成分的主模是不同的,这反应出不同井孔的含水层系统对同一频率的响应存在差异,主模的频率反映了正常背景下井孔-含水层系统的优势频率。Morlet小波分析的结果对时间序列的突然变化和周期结构都有很好的反映。 相似文献
127.
An experiment on evapotranspiration from citrus trees under irrigation with saline waterwas carried out for 4 months. Two lysimeters planted with a citrus tree in the green house wereused. One lysimeter was irrigated with saline water (NaCl and CaCl2 of 2000 mg/L equivalence,EC = 3.8 dS/m, SAR = 5.9) and the other was irrigated with freshwater using drip irrigation. Theapplied irrigation water was 1.2 times that of the evapotranspiration on the previous day.Evapotranspiration was calculated as the change in lysimeter weight recorded every 30 minutes.The lysimeters were filled with soil with 95.8% sand. The results of the experiment were as follows.(i) The evapotranspiration from citrus tree was reduced after irrigation with saline water. Theevapotranspiration returns to normal after leaching. However it takes months to exhaust the saltfrom the tree. ( ii ) To estimate the impact of irrigation with saline water on the evapotranspirationfrom citrus trees, the reduction coefficient due to salt stress (Ks) was used in this experiment.Evapotranspiration under irrigation with saline water (ETs) can be calculated from evapotranspira-tion under irrigation with freshwater (ET) by the equation ETs = Ks× ET. Ks can be expressed as afunction of ECsw. (iii) The critical soil-water electrical conductivity (ECsw) is 9.5 dS/m, beyondwhich adverse effects on evapotranspiration begin to appear. If ECsw can be controlled at below9.5 dS/m, saline water can be safely used for irrigation. 相似文献
128.
Zheng Xilai Halldor Armannsson Li Yongle Qiu Hanxue 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2002,113(1-2)
In this study, representative samples from thermal wells and springs were chemically analyzed and geothermometers were used to calculate the deep temperatures of geothermal reservoirs on the basis of water–mineral equilibrium. In some cases, however, the chemical components are not in equilibrium with the minerals in the reservoir. Therefore, log(Q/K) diagrams are used to study the chemical equilibrium for the minerals that are likely to participate. The Na–K–Mg triangular diagram is also applied to evaluate the equilibrium of water with reservoir rocks. Standard curves at the reference temperatures are prepared to reveal which type of silica geothermometer is appropriate for the specified condition. This study shows that water samples from geothermal wells W9 and W12 are in equilibrium with the selective minerals, and chalcedony may control the fluid–silica equilibrium. It is estimated that there is an exploitable low-temperature reservoir with possible temperatures of 80–90°C in the Guanzhong basin. 相似文献
129.
Antonio Longinelli Paola IacuminMichele Ramigni 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):445-459
Belemnite guards of Cretaceous and Jurassic age were found to contain varying amounts of quartz deposited both on the external surface and inside the rostrum. The oxygen isotopic composition of coexisting carbonate, quartz and phosphate from the same rostrum was measured according to well-established techniques. None of these compounds showed isotopic values in equilibrium with one another. Assuming δ18O values of the diagenetic water within the range of meteoric waters, the δ18O(SiO2) yield temperatures in agreement with the apparent secondary origin of this phase. The δ18O(CO32−) range, with a certain continuity, between −10.8 and +0.97 PDB-1 with most of the intermediate values being within the range of the carbonate isotopic values of Mesozoic fossils. The most positive isotopic results obtained from phosphate are close to +23/+24‰ (V-SMOW). They can hardly be related to a secondary origin of the phosphate, or to the presence of diagenetic effects, since these results are among the most positive ever measured on phosphate. As far as we know there is no widespread diagenetic process determining an 18O enrichment of phosphate. The very low concentration of phosphate did not allow the determination of its mineralogical composition. All the available δ18O(PO43−) values from belemnite and non-belemnite fossils of marine origin of Tertiary and Mesozoic age are reported along with the newly measured belemnites. The following conclusions may be drawn from the data reported: (1) the pristine oxygen isotope composition of fossil marine organisms (either carbonate or phosphate) may easily undergo fairly large changes because of oxygen isotope exchange processes with diagenetic water; this process is apparent even in the case of geologically recent fossils; (2) the δ18O(PO43−) of belemnite rostra seems to be, at least in the case of the most positive results, in isotopic equilibrium with environmental water because of the similarity between the results from Cretaceous belemnites and the results from Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary pelecypods and fish teeth; 3) if so, the only feasible interpretation that can be suggested for the 18O enriched data is the possibility of a relatively large variation of the oxygen isotopic composition of ocean paleowater from Jurassic to recent time. 相似文献
130.
Stable isotope values of Costa Rican surface waters 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Stable isotope data of surface waters from the humid tropics in general, and Costa Rica in particular, are scarce. To improve our understanding of the spatial distribution of stable isotopes in surface waters, we measured δ18O and δD in river and lake (n=63) and precipitation (n=3) samples from Costa Rica. We also present data from the IAEA/WMO isotopes in precipitation network as context for our study. Surface water isotope values do not strongly correlate with elevation, stream head elevation, stream length, distance from Caribbean Sea, or estimated mean annual precipitation for the country as a whole. However, the data show distinct regional trends. The δ18O and δD values downwind of mountain ranges are inversely related to the altitude of the ranges the air masses traverse. In the lee of the high Talamanca Range, δ18O values are 6–8‰ lower, while in the lee of the lower Tilarán Range δ18O values are 2–3‰ lower than upwind sites along the Caribbean Slope. An altitude effect of −1.4‰ δ18O/km is present on the Pacific slope of southern Costa Rica, equivalent to a temperature effect of −0.3‰/°C. The Nicoya and Osa Peninsulas have higher values than upwind sites, suggesting input of Pacific-sourced moisture, evaporative enrichment, or decreased condensation temperatures. Elevated and increasing d-excess values inland along the Nicaragua Trough suggest a recycled component may be an important contributor to the water budget. These data provide preliminary stable isotope information for Costa Rica, and will benefit paleoclimatic research in the region. More detailed studies would be beneficial to our understanding of the controls on stable isotope composition of tropical waters. 相似文献