海岛岸线遥感立体测图精细测量方法

提出了一种海岛岸线遥感测图精细测量新方法,该方法直接基于理论定义的海岸线,利用航空影像瞬时水涯线数据在立体测图环境中提取瞬时水位高程;利用海岛周边精密海潮模型和瞬时水位高程推算海岛岸线高程;最后依据海岛岸线高程,采用立体测图方法测制海岛岸线的平面位置。该方法确保了海岛岸线成果的唯一性和连续性,适合大比例尺的大陆海岸线和海岛岸线测量。测试结果显示,在较高精度海潮模型和海面地形支持下,海岛岸线高程精度优于0.2 m,可满足1：2000测图要求。     

基于物联网和GIS的供水管网巡检系统的设计与实现

为了提高供水管网巡检效率,基于GIS和物联网技术设计实现了供水管网巡检系统。该系统能够有效地解决地理信息分析问题,也为管网改造、爆管抢修等业务提供支持,并为管网设备管理提供了科学化、制度化的保障。     

Total evaporation estimation for accurate water accounting purposes: an appraisal of various available estimation methods

The estimation of total evaporation is fundamental for water accounting, considering its influence on water availability. Moreover, the current increase in water consumption (e.g. in sub-Saharan Africa and the world over), land cover/use changes, deteriorating water quality and the climate change projections in most regions of the world underscore the need to understand water loss. So far, different approaches have been developed and implemented in estimating the variations of total evaporation, with varying accuracies. The aim of this work was therefore, to provide a review of these different approaches for estimating total evaporation, as well as a detailed discussion of their strengths and weaknesses. Findings from this review have shown that total evaporation estimates derived, using ground-based meteorological and micro-meteorological methods are inadequate for representing its large-scale spatial variations. On the other hand, remote sensing technology, which acquires data at different resolutions (i.e. radiometric, spectral, spatial and temporal), provides timely, up-to-date and relatively accurate spatial estimates of total evaporation over large geographic coverage, for sustainable and effective water accounting, which is key for well-informed and improved management of water resources at both catchment and regional scales. In this regard, more details on the remote sensing-based methods of estimating total evaporation are provided, especially considering the robust technological advancements and its potential in characterizing earth features over time and space. This work has also managed to identify research gaps and challenges in the accurate estimation of total evaporation, using remote sensing, especially with the emergence of more advanced sensors and the characteristics of the landscape.     

供水管网地理信息系统中爆管分析的算法研究

爆管关阀分析是供水管网地理信息系统中重要的空间分析功能之一,目前已建系统的爆管分析功能存在着算法繁琐或功能简单、不具通用性等缺点。本文以高质量的源数据为基础,根据系统和爆管分析的需求建立合理的数据模型,设计了爆管关阀分析算法,该算法克服现有算法的不足,剔除了可关可不关的阀门,得到正确、经济的关阀门方案,并列出了受影响的用户。将此设计方案应用于"新疆石油管理局供水地理信息系统"中,成功地实现了爆管分析,体现出了该算法简洁、高效、准确、通用的优越性。     

Correcting superconducting gravity time-series using rainfall modelling at the Vienna and Membach stations and application to Earth tide analysis

We demonstrate the possibility to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of superconducting gravity time-series by correcting for local hydrological effects. Short-term atmospheric events associated with heavy rain induce step-like gravity signals that deteriorate the frequency spectrum estimates. Based on 4D modeling constrained by high temporal resolution rain gauge data, rainfall admittances for the Vienna and Membach superconducting gravity stations are calculated. This allows routine correction for Newtonian rain water effects, which reduces the standard deviation of residuals after tidal parameter adjustment by 10%. It also improves the correction of steps of instrumental origin when they coincide with step-like water mass signals.     

基于GPS-PWV的不同云系降水个例的综合分析

利用成都地基GPS观测网的观测数据,结合自动气象站资料计算出GPS遥感的大气可降水量(GPS-PWV)。按照降水性质,选取对流云降水和层状云降水个例,分析不同类型降水过程中GPS-PWV的变化特征。结果表明,对流云降水和层状云降水一般均发生在GPS-PWV的高值阶段。     

Imaging spectroscopy in soil-water based site suitability assessment for artificial regeneration to Scots pine

In a humid northern boreal climate, the success rate of artificial regeneration to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) can be improved by including a soil water content (SWC) based assessment of site suitability in the reforestation planning process. This paper introduces an application of airborne visible-near-infrared imaging spectroscopic data to identify suitable subregions of forest compartments for the low SWC-tolerant Scots pine. The spatial patterns of understorey plant species communities, recorded by the AISA (Airborne Imaging Spectrometer for Applications) sensor, were demonstrated to be dependant on the underlying SWC. According to the nonmetric multidimensional scaling and correlation results twelve understorey species were found to be most abundant on sites with high soil SWCs. The abundance of bare soil, rocks and abundance of more than ten species indicated low soil SWCs. The spatial patterns of understorey are attributed to time-stability of the underlying SWC patterns. A supervised artificial neural network (radial basis functional link network, probabilistic neural network) approach was taken to classify AISA imaging spectrometer data with dielectric (as a measure volumetric SWC) ground referencing into regimes suitable and unsuitable for Scots pine. The accuracy assessment with receiver operating characteristics curves demonstrated a maximum of 74.1% area under the curve values which indicated moderate success of the NN modelling. The results signified the importance of the training set’s quality, adequate quantity (>2.43 points/ha) and NN algorithm selection over the NN algorithm training parameter optimization to perfection. This methodology for the analysis of site suitability of Scots pine can be recommended, especially when artificial regeneration of former mixed wood Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) - downy birch (Betula pubenscens Ehrh.) stands is being considered, so that artificially regenerated areas to Scots pine can be optimized for forestry purposes.     

积水沉陷区水体的表观光学特性参数测量与分析

通过实际测量试验区的积水沉陷区水深值,了解水体光学特性随水深不同而引起的衰减特征变化,建立水深与光谱特性响应间的关系表达式,确定获取水深信息的最佳波谱范围;揭示了叶绿素、悬浮物质、CDOM等水体组分与水体光谱特征变化的关系,探讨因水体各主要组分变化而引起的水体光谱吸收光谱、散射光谱的变化规律.     

用神舟三号中分辨率成像光谱仪数据反演大气水汽

2002年3月中国神舟三号飞船发射成功，所携带的中分辨率成像光谱仪获取了一批940nm波段的遥感数据。本文用其中的部分资料做了反演水汽的试验，给出一些结果和分析。     

鄱阳湖富营养化高光谱遥感监测模型初探

基于对光谱反射率与水质参数的相关分析,分别选取特征波长建立水质参数高光谱估测模型。结合修正营养状态指数,对湖泊的富营养化程度进行了监测和评价。结果表明:①总氮、总磷含量和透明度值的高光谱估测模型效果较理想;②单项指数评价水体富营养化水平其结果存在较大差异,综合考虑多个指标,计算营养指数的平均值,可以对富营养化程度进行正确的评价;③由于悬浮物浓度变化较大,掩盖了水体的叶绿素a信息,以致叶绿素a估测模型不具有通用性,为了完善叶绿素a浓度估测模型需要获得大范围、多季节的光谱数据,以便建立更有代表性和通用性的模型;④评价结果显示,鄱阳湖呈现轻度到中度富营养化状态,需要采取有力的保护措施防止进一步恶化。