论五大连池火山岩浆演化

五大连池第四纪火山事件为同源多期喷发。据矿物中岩浆包裹体温压地球化学研究,五大连池火山岩浆为一种含水2～4％(wt.％)的富钾玄武质岩浆,浅部结晶(压力<100MPa)。火山演化历史中,从中更新世早期至近代(1719～1721年)喷发,岩浆的MgO、CaO,FeO含量、CO_2浓度,首晶相橄榄石的结晶温度和压力不断增高;SiO_2、TiO_2、K_2O含量、氧逸度和H_2O、CH_4、H_2S的浓度趋于下降,Cl、P、F的浓度也呈现有规律变化。这些特点是岩浆房内岩浆分层作用的反映,火山岩浆的喷发序次与岩浆房内的分层次序相反。火山岩浆的低S含量(<600ppm)及Sr、O、Nd、Pb等同位素研究数据表明,它们源自上地慢,且基本未受地壳物质混染。     

松辽盆地营城组火山岩储层成因及储集性能演化过程

在岩心观察基础上,通过应用全岩主量元素分析、显微镜下常规与铸体薄片观察鉴定和定量统计、图像孔喉分析、物性测试、X-射线衍射分析、包裹体荧光分析、均一温度与激光拉曼探针成分分析等多种手段,研究了松辽盆地营城组火山岩岩性和火山岩储层成因; 结合成岩作用与储集空间特征研究,分析了火山岩储层孔隙演化过程。结果表明,火山岩经历了冷却成岩作用、岩浆期后热液作用、风化淋滤剥蚀作用以及埋藏成岩作用等4个成岩作用阶段。火山岩储层的形成、孔隙演化和储集性能的改善主要与火山岩在浅埋A期后期—深埋成岩B期成岩过程中的断裂、不整合面及构造裂缝的发育以及热液流体沿断层、不整合面和构造裂缝流动的过程中对火山岩产生溶蚀作用密切相关,营城组火山岩属于构造—岩性火山岩气藏。     

Paleomagnetic constraints on Miocene rotation in the central Japan Arc

We present new Middle Miocene paleomagnetic data for the central Japan Arc, and discuss their implications for Miocene rotation. To obtain a refined paleodirection, we made magnetic measurements on basaltic to andesitic lavas and intrusive rocks from 12 sites in the Tsugu volcanic rocks (ca 15 Ma) in the northern part of the Shitara area, Japan. Significant secondary magnetizations in samples with strong magnetic intensities are interpreted as lightning‐induced components. Mean directions carried by magnetite and/or titanomagnetite were determined for all sites. An overall mean direction with a northerly declination was obtained from dual‐polarity site means for nine sites. This direction is indistinguishable from the mean direction for coeval parallel dikes in the northern part of the Shitara area, and also indistinguishable from the Miocene reference direction derived from the paleopole for the North China Block in the Asian continent. These comparisons suggest little or no rotation or latitudinal motion in the study area with respect to the North China Block since 15 Ma. We obtained a refined early Middle Miocene paleodirection (D = 9.7°, I = 52.5°, α₉₅ = 4.8°; 30 sites) and paleopole (82.0°N, 230.8°E, A₉₅ = 5.6°) for Shitara by combining data from the Tsugu volcanic rocks and a coeval dike swarm. An anomalous direction found at three sites could be a record of an extraordinary field during a geomagnetic polarity transition or excursion. Paleomagnetic data from Shitara suggest that: (i) the western wing of the Kanto Syntaxis, a prominent cuspate geologic structure in central Honshu, underwent a counterclockwise rotation with respect to the main part of the southwestern Japan Arc between ca 17.5 Ma and 15 Ma; (ii) collision between the Japan and Izu–Bonin (Ogasawara) Arcs began prior to 15 Ma; and (iii) clockwise rotation of the entire southwestern part of the Japan Arc had ceased by 15 Ma.     

五大连池第四纪火山岩层序划分及其构造与生态意义

大量前人成果和1:5万区调钻孔资料证实,五大连池第四纪火山地层属于水平岩层.因此,该地区第四纪火山地层的划分,是在地表岩石层序与钻孔岩石层序充分划分与对比的基础上进行的.从沉积角度看,五大连池火山地层属于松嫩盆地连续沉积过程中的第四纪短暂幕式火山喷发所形成的水平岩层.本文结合K-Ar同位素测年新资料,将该区第四纪岩石地层重新划分为11个组级地层单位.其中的火山岩石地层可以自下而上划分为:下更新统焦得布玄武岩(1.214—1.113 Ma);中更新统尾山玄武岩(0.62—0.285 Ma);中更新统笔架山玄武岩(0.24—0.132 Ma)和全新统老黑山玄武岩(距今290～288 a),对夹于其间的正常沉积地层也进行了相应的划分.对层状火山岩层序的层位划分和空间分布研究对于理解五大连池火山群的构造背景和生态环境具有特别重要的意义,五大连池火山群处于中国大陆内部的大同—大兴安岭火山岩带的最北东端,是地幔流体向北东方向流动的最前缘;这类富钾的碱性玄武岩的火山喷发活动对东北富饶的黑土地的形成具有重要贡献,火山岩在嫩江平原上塑造的台地和火山锥地形地貌对生态多样性和优质地下水的生态要素具有重要影响.     

内蒙古突泉盆地侏罗系油气发现及工作展望

突泉盆地是公益性油气基础地质调查项目在大兴安岭中南部火山岩覆盖区已发现的油气新区,有望成为实现松辽外围侏罗系油气新区、新层系勘探突破的远景盆地.基于突泉盆地地质背景、沉积特征与烃源岩发育特征,阐述了突参1井和突D1井的地质设计思路及其油气发现情况,并从原型盆地恢复、烃源岩评价、火山岩覆盖区勘探方法以及非常规致密油的超低孔、超低渗储层等方面,对下一步工作进行了探讨.     

试论雁荡山岩石地貌

雁荡山岩石地貌由叠嶂、方山、石门、柱峰、锐峰、岩洞、天生桥和峡谷、涧溪、瀑、潭、湖等岩石地貌组合而成。其形成的地质学、岩石学基础是白垩破火山岩相与构造。不同类型地貌景观反映了这一破火山构造。断裂切割、重力崩塌与流水侵蚀是形成此类地貌的主要外动力地质作用。雁荡山岩石地貌在形态、成因和审美学意义上均有别于我国砂砾岩岩石地貌、碳酸岩岩石地貌和花岗岩岩石地貌。雁荡山地貌可作为流纹质火山岩地貌的代表。     

北羌塘地区北缘上三叠统若拉岗日岩群地层特征及沉积环境

北羌塘地区北缘上三叠统若拉岗日岩群分布于北羌塘陆块与拉竹龙-金沙江缝合带之间的若拉岗日冲断带,以砂泥质复理石、中基性-超基性火山岩及大理岩组合为特征,夹晚二叠世灰岩岩片及蛇绿岩残块。岩石低-中级变质,构造变形强烈,顶底均被断层切割断失,为总体无序、局部有序的构造-地层体。若拉岗日岩群中基性火山岩具有洋岛和岛弧型成因,它是金沙江洋盆在晚三叠世向南俯冲,而在其南缘形成的岛弧带沉积。在若拉岗日岩群采获大量上三叠统常见的孢粉、腕足、双壳类生物化石,其玄武岩年龄值为201±4Ma (Ar-Ar法),时代属诺利期。     

黑龙江多宝山地区中侏罗世火山岩的发现及其对蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合范围的限定

黑龙江省多宝山地区位于中亚造山带东段、兴安地块东南缘,发育大面积早—中侏罗世侵入岩,但至今未发现同时代的火山岩。在多宝山地区首次发现了同时期的火山岩,并确定为一套英安岩、流纹岩和粗面岩组合。为进一步明确其形成时代及反映的构造意义,对出露的火山岩开展了锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学分析。锆石U-Pb年龄显示,火山岩形成时代为167.1~169.3 Ma,为中侏罗世喷发成岩。火山岩具有富碱（Na2O+K2O=3.70%~7.66%）、富铝（Al2O3=11.42%~19.00%）的特征,属于高钾钙碱性、过铝质（A/CNK=1.08~3.73）岩石。稀土元素呈轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾特征,具负Eu异常（δEu=0.53~0.79）。微量元素显示富集Rb、Ba、K、Th、U、Pb,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P、Sr。总体显示,该中侏罗世火山岩起源于新生陆壳物质的部分熔融。根据Ta-Yb、Nb-Y构造环境判别图解,该期火山岩形成于挤压背景环境。结合区域构造背景及其演化特征,综合认为,中侏罗世火山岩应是蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合过程导致的陆-陆碰撞作用的产物。闭合导致的陆陆碰撞作用已影响到兴安地块东南缘。     

Chronology and Geochemistry of Mesozoic Volcanic Rocks in the Linjiang Area,Jilin Province and their Tectonic Implications

Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical analytical results are presented for the volcanic rocks of the Naozhigou, Ergulazi, and Sidaogou Formations in the Linjiang area, southeastern Jilin Province to constrain the nature of magma source and their tectonic settings. The Naozhigou Formation is composed mainly of andesite and rhyolite and its weighted mean 206Pb/238U age for 13 zircon grains is 222±1 Ma. The Ergulazi Formation consists of basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, and andesite, and six grains give a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 131±4 Ma. The Sidaogou Formation consists mainly of trachyandesite and rhyolite, and six zircon grains yield a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 113±4 Ma. The volcanic rocks have SiO2=60.24%–77.46%, MgO=0.36%–1.29% (Mg#=0.32–0.40) for the Naozhigou Formation, SiO2=51.60%–59.32%, MgO=3.70%–5.54% (Mg#=0.50–0.60) for the Ergulazi Formation, and SiO2=58.28%–76.32%, MgO=0.07%–1.20% (Mg#=0.14–0.46) for the Sidaogou Formation. The trace element analytical results indicate that these volcanic rocks are characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), relative depletion in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs, Nb, Ta, and Ti), and negative Eu anomalies. Compared with the primitive mantle, the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Linjiang area have relatively high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7053-0.7083) and low εNd(t) values (?8.38 to ?2.43), and display an EMII trend. The late Triassic magma for the Naozhigou Formation could be derived from partial melting of a newly accretional crust with the minor involvement of the North China Craton basement and formed under an extensional environment after the collision of the Yangtze Craton and the North China Craton. The Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks for the Ergulazi and Sidaogou Formations could be formed under the tectonic setting of an active continental margin related to the westward subduction of the Izanagi plate.     

基于模态逼近的EOF重构算法重建公元1250年以来北半球地表气温空间格局

随着气候场重建数据在揭示气候动力机制以及与数值模式模拟相结合等方面的应用, 它在气候变化研究领域中的实用性和重要性已得到广泛认可。因此, 关于空间格局重建方法的研究也就显得尤为重要。本文提出了一种新的气候场重建方法, 即模态逼近的经验正交函数分解方法。该方法利用代用资料与器测资料不同空间模态之间的协调性, 采用模态逐次逼近, 从而实现对过去无器测资料覆盖的气候场的重建。基于该方法, 本文利用549个树轮序列重建了北半球(22.5°N以北)公元1250年以来的地表气温空间场。为验证该方法的有效性, 设计了多组验证试验, 结果均表明该重建方法能够较好的再现器测数据的年代际尺度变率特征。最终重建结果表明, 与已有研究结果相比, 该方法重建出的北半球小冰期(1400~1700年)平均气候状态的空间格局特征与基于多组气候模式集合平均在该时段的模拟结果更为接近。另外, 为体现重建结果对外强迫的响应特征, 本文比较了在不同强度(强、中等、弱)典型火山年的空间格局差异, 发现高纬度地区对火山外强迫相比于中低纬地区更加敏感, 这与已有的基于数值模式模拟研究的结论基本一致。综合以上讨论, 证明了该方法在气候场重建方面的有效性和应用潜力。