扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组古火山机构的发现及意义

通过详细的野外地质调查,发现扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组火山岩由巨厚的酸性-中酸性熔岩、火山碎屑岩和少量基性熔岩组成,在小相岭山脊两侧首次厘定4处古火山机构.其中,阳糯雪山古火山机构最壮观,是由火山颈相、溢流相、爆发相和火山沉积相构成的完整古火山机构.通过系统的地质剖面研究,发现该古火山机构存在2次喷发亚旋回和15个火山韵律,2次喷发亚旋回之间出现了1次明显的火山间歇期.小相岭地区古火山机构的发现,进一步厘定了苏雄组火山岩的喷发方式和构建特征,对进一步研究苏雄组酸性火山碎屑岩的起源及新元古代陆内裂谷作用具有重要意义.     

宝昌火山盆地骆驼山地区781矿点铀矿化 三维模型与定位预测

宝昌火山盆地骆驼山地区781矿点位于燕辽构造岩浆活动带西段,是著名燕辽铀成矿带内新近勘查发现的重要矿化区之一。通过对矿区73个钻孔、地形、地层及剖面资料的综合研究,利用Surpac三维软件首次建立了781矿点铀矿化的可视化三维模型,直观地显示了地形、地层、构造、矿体的空间变化特征。地层、构造及矿体三维模型联合研究表明,新识别出的Fa隐伏断裂是最直接的导矿构造和控矿构造,上侏罗统玛尼吐组火山地层为重要含矿层和铀源层。掌握781矿点关键控矿因素,结合矿体空间赋存、分布规律等研究结果,利用Surpac软件在深部定位预测找矿靶区Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区,其具有较精确的空间三维坐标,对深部找矿具有重要指导意义。     

Treatment of ground-motion predictive relationships for the reference seismic hazard map of Italy

In the framework of the 2004 reference seismic hazard map of Italy the amplitude of the strong-motion (expressed in terms of Peak Horizontal Acceleration with 10% probability of non-exceedence in 50 years, referred to average hard ground conditions) was computed using different predictive relationships. Equations derived in Italy and in Europe from strong-motion data, as well as a set of weak and strong-motion based empirical predictive relationships were employed in a logic tree procedure, in order to capture the epistemic uncertainty affecting ground-motion attenuation. This article describes the adjustments and conversions required to eliminate the incompatibilities amongst the relations. Particularly significant are distance conversions and style-of-faulting adjustments, as well as the problems related to the use of regional relations, such as the selection of a reference depth, the quantification of random variability and the strong-motion prediction. Moreover, a regional attenuation relationship specific for volcanic areas was also employed, allowing a more realistic evaluation of seismic hazard, as confirmed by the attenuation of macroseismic intensities.     

中国古亚洲域沉积盆地火山岩油气藏储层特征比较及其差异分析

在中国古亚洲域沉积盆地火山岩储层母岩年代和岩性、储集空间类型以及火山岩岩相综合分析的基础上,探讨了火山岩油气藏的储层特征及其差异性.研究表明,中国古亚洲域火山岩储层的母岩发育年代西早东晚,西部的准噶尔、三塘湖和吐哈盆地发育晚占生代海相、海陆交互相的中基性安山岩、玄武岩及火山碎屑岩;东部的松辽、二连和海拉尔盆地发育中生代陆相中酸性流纹岩、安山岩.火山岩原生储集空间包括气孔、孔洞以及冷凝收缩裂缝等;次生储集空间包括各种溶蚀孔及构造裂缝、风化裂缝等.火山岩岩相可分喷出相、火山通道相、次火山相和火山沉积相.其中中基性岩类多以溢流相开始,相序类型为溢流相、爆发相/火山沉积相;中酸性岩类多以爆发相或火山通道相发端,主要相序为爆发相、溢流相/侵出相.溢流相一般发育原生气孔、构造缝;爆发相多为粒间孔,而侵出相以角砾间孔和原生裂缝为主.火山岩储层的差异受多因素影响,包括岩性岩相、喷发环境以及后期构造、成岩作用等.前者奠定火山岩储层形成与分布的基础和储集空间的发育程度;后者则改造储层的储渗性能.     

火山喷发过程中岩浆脱气率和脱气量的估算方法及其意义

本文对前人使用的火山喷发过程中岩浆脱气率和脱气量的估算方法进行了评述,并介绍了如何利用岩石学方法估算火山喷发不同阶段岩浆脱气率和脱气量的具体步骤,同时以镜泊湖地区全新世火山为例说明利用该方法估算的具体过程。估算结果表明不同气体在火山喷发过程中的脱气率是不同的,不能用包裹体中挥发分相对含量的高低来判断火山喷发所释放到大气圈中的气体类型和质量。该方法对火山学的研究具有重要意义。     

滇中姚安老街子板内富碱火山岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学及火山机构划分

滇中姚安老街子板内富碱火山-岩浆杂岩体属于哀牢山-金沙江富碱侵入岩带的一部分,因其富含Pb-Ag-Au多金属矿床和特殊大地构造位置被地质学家广泛关注。尽管前人在矿床学(金属赋存状态和物质来源)、岩石学、地球化学等方面展开大量的研究,但关于姚安富碱火山岩体火山机构和岩相学以及形成时代等却少有研究。本文对老街子火山-岩浆杂岩体进行详细的岩相学地质调查和剖面实测,划分出完整的次火山岩相(含集块正长斑岩)、火山-沉积相(凝灰质砾岩和砂岩)和火山喷发相火山机构,其中将火山喷发相细分为溢流亚相(熔结凝灰岩和假白榴石粗面岩)和爆发亚相(含角砾和集块粗面质熔结凝灰岩)。并对粗面质凝灰岩和熔结凝灰岩进行锆石SHRIMP U-Pb精确年代学研究,最终分别获得~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为33.63±0.50Ma和33.27±0.38Ma,代表着火山岩喷发形成时代为渐新世。该期火山岩的报道为老街子Pb-Ag-Au矿区深部外围找矿预测提供新思路,也为青藏高原东南缘新生代岩石圈构造演化和地球动力学过程研究提供新的窗口。     

Distribution and characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in China

About forty productive oil/gas fields hosted in volcanic reservoirs have been found since 1957 in fourteen basins of China. They can be simply subdivided into two groups, the east and the west. Reservoir volcanic rocks of the east group are predominantly composed of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rhyolite and Tertiary basalt, preferred being considered as rift type volcanics developed in the circum-Pacific tectonic regime. Those of the west are Permo-Carboniferous intermediate/basic volcanic rocks, being island-arc type ones developed in paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic regime.     

Radiation pressure — a stabilizing agent of dust clouds in comets?

The internal dynamics of an illuminated dust cloud of finite optical thickness is investigated. The dependence of the radiation pressure on the optical depth makes the individual particles oscillate, in one dimension, around the accelerated centre of gravity of the cloud. The cloud moves as an entity, irrespectively of the velocity dispersion of the particles and their efficiency for radiation pressure. If the optical depth does not change, i.e. if the cloud does not expand laterally, its lifetime is unlimited. A contraction caused by energy dissipation in mechanical collissions between the dust particles is expected. The range of particle sizes which can be transported by such a “coherent cloud” is estimated, as well as the acceleration of the whole cloud. The structure of the cloud in real space and in velocity space is investigated. A comparison with the “striae” observed in the dust tails of great comets shows that the parent clouds of these striae may have been of the kind considered.     

勉略构造带新元古代洋盆俯冲作用：来自略阳地区纸房沟岩片火山岩锆石U- Pb年龄和Lu- Hf同位素的证据

纸房沟岩片位于勉略构造带略阳地区。通过细致的岩石学和地球化学研究,将纸房沟岩片内的火山岩分为拉斑玄武岩系列（Ⅰ类）和钙碱性火山岩系列（Ⅱ类）。Ⅰ类火山岩稀土配分曲线左倾,富Na贫P,整体具有N- MORB特点,形成于洋脊构造环境。相比Ⅰ类火山岩,Ⅱ类火山岩具有更高的SiO2(49.02％~61.86％)和K2O(0.32％~1.55％)含量,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti,形成于陆缘弧构造环境。Ⅱ类火山岩锆石Lu- Hf同位素测试结果显示,εHf(t)值主体为负值,介于-8.01~+0.77,表明其主要为古老地壳物质熔融成因。Ⅱ类火山岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb测年结果为854±3Ma(MSWD=0.12, n=30)、844±4Ma (MSWD=0.03, n=15),表明纸房沟岩片火山岩结晶时代为新元古代早中期。综合前人成果认为,纸房沟岩片火山岩为新元古代勉略洋盆俯冲的产物,俯冲作用一直持续到800Ma左右,该俯冲过程很可能是对全球性Rodinia超大陆聚合事件的响应。     

Deep crustal structure and rheology of the Gascoyne volcanic margin,western Australia

Interpretation of deep seismic reflection data across the Gascoyne Margin reveals six distinct seismic facies units related to the tectono-magmatic breakup history. On the outer Exmouth Plateau four large scale units are identified: (1) an extensively block-faulted upper crust; (2) a middle-crustal unit of discontinuous, undulatory reflectors; (3) a reflection-free deep crustal unit; and (4) a lower-crustal band of low-frequency, high-amplitude reflectors. Two additional units are found near the continent-ocean boundary (COB); (5) seaward-dipping reflectors (SDR); and (6) landward-dipping reflectors in the lower crust below the SDR. The lower-crustal high-reflectivity band, located near the top of a high-velocity unit (V_p > 7 kms^–1), is interpreted as magmatic underplating. There is a spatial correlation between the underplated area and the presence of extensive upper-crustal block-faulting and intrusive rocks in the shallow crust. The undulatory middle-crustal reflector unit is also only identified in the outer plateau area, and is interpreted as a zone in which the upper-crustal faults terminate. The inner parts of the margin consist of a deep basin showing little upper-crustal faulting and no evidence of middle crustal deformation or underplating. Theoretical modeling of the effect of rifting and magmatic underplating on crustal strength profiles suggests that the brittle-ductile transition may migrate at least 5 km upwards during several million years after the underplating event. Based on the seismic interpretation and crustal strength modeling we propose that the seismic structure of the outer Exmouth Plateau is severely modified by a transient change in the crustal rheological structure associated with magmatic underplating.