下庄铀矿田火山岩的厘定及与周边同期火山岩的对比

本在系统分析下庄铀矿田火山岩的分布，火山岩系的旋回性，火山岩的岩石地球化学特征及火山岩的成岩时代等特征的基础上，较为详细地对下庄铀矿田的火山岩和赣南－粤北地区晚中生代武夷群火山岩各种特征进行了对比，厘定了下庄铀矿田火山夺为赣地－粤北地区晚中生代中火山岩系武夷群的组成部分；认为南岭铀成矿带今后寻找富矿，大矿的主要目标应该放在火山侵本和后火山侵入体的内外接触带上，以早期铀矿化（140－100Ma）为的主要目标类型。     

大兴安岭南段不同构造环境中的两类花岗岩

大兴安岭南段主要分布有海西和燕山两个时代的花岗岩类,它们在产出构造环境、地貌形态、地质产状、岩石组合、侵位方式、造岩矿物、岩石化学、锶同位素初始比值及其矿产等诸方面,都存在着较大的差别。海西期花岗岩类主要与板块俯冲有关,属挤压环境下形成的造山钙碱性花岗岩系列。燕山期花岗岩类则主要与大陆边缘断裂活动有关,属引张环境下地幔上隆所引发的亚碱性—碱性非造山花岗岩系列,且随时间推移,拉张强度加剧,岩石碱性程度增高。     

四川昌台农都柯金银矿矿床地质特征及成矿远景

农都柯火山岩浅成低温热液型金银矿床系在三江地区义敦岛弧带被首次发现,经初步评价达到中型规模。矿床赋存于流纹质火山碎屑岩中,受北北西向剪切带控制,矿体呈透镜状或似层状,基本顺层产出。围岩蚀变强烈,以硅化为主,次为绢云母化和重晶石化。矿石由黄铁矿、闪锌矿、自然金、辉锑铅矿、砷黝铜矿、辉锑矿、辉锑银铅矿、雄黄、雌黄等组成,为典型的低温热液矿物组合。主矿化温度发生在200℃以下,矿化元素除Ag、Au外,As、Sb、Hg也达到或接近工业品位。通过地球物理、地球化学方法的测量,成矿远景较好。     

大洋岛弧的前世今生

根据板块构造理论,板块的边界是地质作用最为强烈的地区,因而它们是当今固体地球科学研究的重点。依据应力性质的不同,地球上板块的边界类型有扩张的洋中脊、汇聚的俯冲带和调节板块运动差异的转换断层三种。就汇聚型板块边界而言,它又可进一步划分为洋-洋俯冲的大洋或洋内岛弧带（Intra-oceanic arc）、洋-陆俯冲的安第斯型活动大陆边缘带和陆-陆接触的大陆碰撞带三种。相对而言,大洋岛弧的研究程度最低。传统认为最典型的大洋岛弧——日本诸岛,已不再被认为是洋-洋俯冲的产物,因为已有研究显示它是从亚洲大陆裂解的碎块。根据目前的调查,现今的大洋岛弧主要集中在西太平洋地区,以太平洋与菲律宾板块间的Izu-Bonin-Mariana弧和太平洋-澳大利亚间的西南太平洋岛弧为代表。大洋岛弧研究的最重要问题是,洋洋之间如何产生了俯冲。目前多倾向于认为：大洋中的转换断层可使不同时代的大洋岩石圈相互接触,在这种情况下,较老的岩石圈由于冷却时间较长而密度相对较大,因而可下沉而俯冲到较年轻的岩石圈之下。这一模型也被誉为蛇绿岩形成的初始俯冲定律（Subduction Initial Rule,简称SIR）。但存在的问题是,目前全球还没发现有转换断层转变为俯冲带的实例。更何况,全球大洋中发育如此众多的转换断层,但为何只在西太平洋发育大洋岛弧?本文通过对资料的总结还发现,这些大洋岛弧基本都是从亚洲或者澳大利亚大陆东部边缘裂解的碎块,只是后期的弧后扩张作用使裂解的碎块发生强烈的改造,形成具有类似大洋岩石圈的特点。目前提出的洋-洋自发形成俯冲带的模型并没有理论基础,也没有实际地质事实的支持。但在加勒比海、斯科舍海和阿留申地区,大洋岛弧的出现与洋底高原诱发的俯冲带跃迁或俯冲极性反转有关。因此,板块构造理论中的洋洋初始俯冲模式需要进一步资料的验证。

     

长白山天池火山地质学研究的若干进展与灾害分析

通过以减轻火山灾害为目的的天池火山锥体顶部地区地质填图工作，发现了天池火山锥体附近不同期次火山泥石流，部分火山泥石流显示的高温定位特征指示了其与千年大喷发的成因联系。这些火山泥石流构成了严重的火山泥石流灾害，天池火山锥体近顶部大型滑坡体的发现则指示了天池火山另一种重要的灾害类型。滑坡体堆积物结构上可分为3种类型。天池火山千年大喷发时不同成分与物性的岩浆混合作用十分发育，指示了天池火山喷发前不同岩浆批的混合与共喷发机理。本文还论述了天池火山近代历史记录喷发物的分布与鉴别特征。     

火山岩盖层类型及封气能力——以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷为例

利用钻井、测井和分析测试资料,对徐家围子断陷火山岩盖层类型、识别标志、分布、封闭能力和对天然气成藏与分布的控制作用进行了研究,认为徐家围子断陷火山岩盖层分为火山碎屑岩和火山熔岩盖层2种。火山碎屑岩盖层主要是凝灰岩和火山角砾岩,具有井径扩容、电阻率小和高声波时差特征;火山熔岩盖层主要为流纹岩、凝灰岩和安山岩,具有井径不扩容、电阻率中等和低声波时差特征。利用高声波时差和声波时差值小于56 μs/ft可以分别识别火山碎屑岩盖层和火山熔岩盖层。火山碎屑岩盖层区域分布在断陷南部下白垩统营城组一段火山岩体的顶部,火山熔岩盖层局部分布在营一段和营三段火山岩体内部。火山碎屑岩盖层较火山熔岩盖层具有更强的封气能力,火山碎屑岩盖层控制着徐家围子断陷火山岩中天然气的区域聚集与分布,火山熔岩盖层仅控制着天然气在火山岩体中的局部聚集与分布。     

地震多参数油气预测方法及应用研究

地震多参数综合油气预测方法是一种基于地震数据计算储层段地震资料的富氏谱、功率谱、自相关、自回归和振幅等35种特征参数,并经广义线性分类,以实现油气异常圈定的方法技术。该方法的客观性较强,具有很高的可信度。经过碎屑岩储层、碳酸盐岩储层以及火山岩储层的预测和识别检验,具有较好的应用效果和广泛的市场价值,适应了油公司勘探开发的需要。     

辽宁义县—北票地区义县组地层层序——义县阶标准地层剖面建立和研究之一

义县地区广义的义县组可解体为王家屯组 (暂命名 )和义县组 ;分属王家屯和义县火山旋回 ,前者为偏酸、偏碱性 ,后者主体为中基性、末期为中酸性火山岩系 ,并广泛发育潜火山岩相的玄武玢岩、安山玢岩和火山集块角砾熔岩筒。该区有七个主要沉积层 ,自下而上分别为王家屯组马神庙层、义县组老公沟层、业南沟层、砖城子层、大康堡层、朱家沟层和金刚山层 ;产有较丰富的无脊椎动物、脊椎动物和植物化石。以砖城子层、大康堡层和金刚山层为界 ,义县火山旋回可划分为 4个亚旋回 ,分别代表火山活动的初始期、主期、晚期和末期。北票四合屯地区的义县组相当义县地区义县组的第一和第二亚旋回 ,含鸟类化石的主沉积层 (尖山沟层和上园层 )可与砖城子层对比     

Constraints of Mantle and Crustal Sources Interaction during Orogenesis of Pre- and Post-collision Granitoids from the Northern Arabian-Nubian Shield: A Case Study from Wadi El-Akhder Granitoids,Southern Sinai,Egypt

The Egyptian older and younger granitic rocks emplaced during pre- and post-collision stages of Neoproterozoic Pan-African orogeny, respectively, are widely distributed in the southern Sinai Peninsula, constituting 70% of the basement outcrops. The Wadi El-Akhder, southwestern Sinai, is a mountainous terrain exposing two granitoid suites, namely the Wadi El-Akhder Older Granites (AOG) and the Homra Younger Granites (HYG). The AOG (granodiorites with subordinate tonalite compositions) have geochemical characteristics of medium-K calc-alkaline, metaluminous to mildly peraluminous granitoids formed in an island-arc environment, which are conformable with well-known Egyptian older granitoids rocks, whereas the HYG display calc-alkaline to slightly alkaline nature, peraluminous syeno-, monzogranites and alkali feldspar granites matching well those of the Egyptian younger granites. With respect to the AOG granitoids, the HYG granites contain lower Al2O3, FeO*, MgO, MnO, CaO, TiO2, Sr, Ba, and V, but higher Na2O, K2O, Nb, Zr, Th, and Rb. The AOG are generally characterized by enrichment in LILE and LREE and depletion in HFSE relative to N-MORB values (e.g., negative Nb and Ta anomalies). The geochemical features of the AOG follow assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) trends indicative of extensive crustal contamination of magma derived from a mantle source. The chemical characteristics of the AOG are remarkably similar to those of subduction-related granitoids from the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS). The compositional variations from monzogranites through syenogranites to alkali feldspar granite within HYG could not be explained by fractional crystallization solely. Correlating the whole-rock composition of the HYG to melts generated by experimental dehydration melting of meta-sedimentary and magmatic rocks reveals that they appear to be derived by extended melting of psammitic and pelitic metasediments, which is similar to the most of younger granitic suites in the ANS.     

Analysis of the institutional and social responses to the eruption and the lahars of Mount Pinatubo volcano from 1991 to 1998 (Central Luzon, Philippines)

Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in June 1991 in the main island of Luzon belonging to the Philippines archipelago. Huge economic losses and population exodus have followed. This major crisis has been relayed with other crises due to rain-fed lahars which have been supplied with eruption deposits. These lahars have occurred every year since 1991 during the rainy season. They will probably last until 2005. After a brief presentation of the Philippine official response system to disasters, this paper draws up a critical analysis of the different kinds of institutional and social responses deployed to manage the different crisis and post-crisis phases of this event. Based on three viewpoints: from population, media and other actors, this analysis attempts to point out the strengths and weaknesses of the official management system, especially by studying the efficiency and the range of the solutions taken. So, it appears that the management of the June 1991 main crisis (eruption) was a success. On the other hand, difficulties have occurred with lahars risk management. Indeed, these lahars have obliged the authorities to protect and relocate thousands of people. In spite of persistent problems, the management system (monitoring/warning/evacuation) of lahar crises improves year after year. Failures appear especially within the rehabilitation program (protection/rehousing). Many direct (lack of means, preparedness, coordination, dialog, etc.) and indirect (politico-administrative, socio-economic, cultural contexts) factors come together to lock the wheels of the institutional response system. They defer the socio-economic start of this vital northern Philippines area. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.