超磁致伸缩声波震源的时频特征与实测研究

宽频带、大功率、短余振声波震源是高分辨率探测大尺度复杂结构体的关键技术,为了解决探测距离与其分辨率的矛盾问题,采用超磁致伸缩材料制作的声波发射器作为震源,研制了一种新的声波探测仪器。该震源中心频率为5 kHz,激励电压300~600 V,具有辐射声功率大、余振短（3.5个周期）、频带宽（1~3 kHz）的特性;其最大的优点是每次激发的声波信号一致性好,可以采用单点多次激发,通过多次叠加的数据处理技术提高信噪比,较好地解决了声波探测距离与分辨率的矛盾,并成功地应用于煤矿采场顶煤厚度探测。现场探测结果表明：大功率声波探测系统能够有效提取4~7 m煤岩交界面的反射波信号,借助于小波多分辨分析信号处理方法,有效地提高了采场顶煤厚度探测的精度及其可靠性,为顶煤厚度精确探测提供了一条有效途径。     

长江口水下三角洲表层沉积物有机质分布特征

根据对长江口水下三角洲31个表层样沉积物粒度、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)的测定,得出了粒度及有机质的分布特征,利用C/N比分析有机质来源及不同来源的贡献率。研究结果表明: 1)长江口水下三角洲表层沉积物平均粒径介于3~8Φ之间,存在由陆向海变细的趋势; 2)TOC含量在0.1% ~1.2% 之间,平均值为0.52%; TN含量介于0.02% ~0.08% 之间,平均值为0.057% 。TOC和TN含量的分布特征相似,具有自陆向海、由低至高的变化趋势,这主要是受到沉积物粒径的影响,但是TOC在崇明岛东侧和九段沙东侧有两个高值点,可能与人类活动或局地因素有关; 粒度校正之后,TOC含量在0.40% ~1.67% 之间,平均值为0.68%; TN的含量介于0.05% ~0.10% 之间,平均值为0.07% 。TOC含量在近岸地区略高,TN含量是北部地区略高于南部地区,并且TOC和TN都在崇明岛东侧和九段沙东侧有两个高值点; 3)C/N比值在6~16之间,平均值为9.6; 利用C/N比值估算得到的陆源有机碳含量在35% ~90% 之间,平均值为60% 。C/N比和陆源有机碳含量在长江口南支外围邻近海域表层沉积物中较高,表明南支带来了大量的陆源有机质入海,并呈舌状向东北方向凸出; 而在长江北支附近其值相对较低,表明北支径流影响相对减弱,潮流作用相对增强。研究表明,长江南支是主要的陆源有机质入海通道,而进入水下三角洲之后陆源有机碳分布受到了河口混合过程的显著影响。     

物质平衡法对定容煤层气藏生产动态的预测

由于煤层气藏特殊的赋存及渗流方式,使其有别于常规气藏,而煤层气藏开采初期的多相渗流问题使其产能预测更为复杂。在定容煤层气藏物质平衡法基础上,利用历史生产数据完成线性拟合,并用拟合得到的参数对未来生产动态进行预测。通过将模型预测的平均地层压力、平均含水饱和度及产气、产水量随时间变化与CMG数值模拟结果进行对比分析,结果显示,本文方法预测结果较为准确可靠,尤其是在煤层气峰值产量之后。     

Torsional dynamic response of a large‐diameter pipe pile in viscoelastic saturated soil

An analytical solution is developed in this paper to investigate the dynamic response of a large‐diameter end‐bearing pipe pile subjected to torsional loading in viscoelastic saturated soil. The wave propagation in saturated soil and pile are simulated by Biot's two‐phased linear theory and one‐dimensional elastic theory, respectively. The dynamic equilibrium equations of the outer soil, inner soil, and pile are established. The solutions for the outer and inner soils in frequency domain are obtained by Laplace transform technique and the separation of variables method. Then, the dynamic response of the pile is obtained on the basis of the perfect contacts between the pile and the outer soil as well as the inner soil. The results in this paper are compared with that of a solid pile in elastic saturated soil to verify the validity of the solution. Furthermore, the solution in this paper is compared with the classic plane strain solution to verify the solution further and check the accuracy of the plane strain solution. Numerical results are presented to analyze the vibration characteristics and illustrate the effect of the soil parameters and the geometry size of the pile on the complex impedance and velocity admittance of the pile head. Finally, the displacement of the soil at different depth and frequency is analyzed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modelling landslides in unsaturated slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration using material point method

This paper presents a dynamic fully coupled formulation for saturated and unsaturated soils that undergo large deformations based on material point method. Governing equations are applied to porous material while considering it as a continuum in which the pores of the solid skeleton are filled with water and air. The accuracy of the developed method is tested with available experimental and numerical results. The developed method has been applied to investigate the failure and post‐failure behaviour of rapid landslides in unsaturated slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration using two different bedrock geometries that lie below the top soil. The models show different failure and post‐failure mechanisms depending on the bedrock geometry and highlight the negative effects of continuous rain infiltrations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Loss of energy dissipation capacity from the deadzone in linear and nonlinear viscous damping devices

In a viscous damping device under cyclic loading, after the piston reaches a peak stroke, the reserve movement that follows may sometimes experience a short period of delayed or significantly reduced device force output. A similar delay or reduced device force output may also occur at the damper’s initial stroke as it moves away from its neutral position. This phenomenon is referred to as the effect of “deadzone”. The deadzone can cause a loss of energy dissipation capacity and less efficient vibration control. It is prominent in small amplitude vibrations. Although there are many potential causes of deadzone such as environmental factors, construction, material aging, and manufacture quality, in this paper, its general effect in linear and nonlinear viscous damping devices is analyzed. Based on classical dynamics and damping theory, a simple model is developed to capture the effect of deadzone in terms of the loss of energy dissipation capacity. The model provides several methods to estimate the loss of energy dissipation within the deadzone in linear and sublinear viscous fluid dampers. An empirical equation of loss of energy dissipation capacity versus deadzone size is formulated, and the equivalent reduction of effective damping in SDOF systems has been obtained. A laboratory experimental evaluation is carried out to verify the effect of deadzone and its numerical approximation. Based on the analysis, a modification is suggested to the corresponding formulas in FEMA 356 for calculation of equivalent damping if a deadzone is to be considered.     

Isotopic tracing of ore-forming source materials for Dexing porphyry copper deposit of Jiangxi, China

Dexing copper deposit is the biggest porphyry copper deposit in China. By researching isotopes of C, Si and Cu from the samples of Tongchang and Fujiawu ore-field, the authors found that δ^13 CpDB values of siderite were close to the δ^13 CpDB value of original magma; δ^30Si values of the samples at the ore-forming stage were close to the δ^30 Si value range of magma, δ^30Si values of partial samples were far away from it; Cu isotopic compositions of massive chalcopyrite formed at the early ore-forming stage are higher than that of veinal chalcopyrite formed at the later ore-forming stage. The results show that ore-forming materials were mainly derived from the porphyry body, and part of them were from wall rock materials.     

深海滑坡灾害的物质点法模拟

深海滑坡可以沿着斜坡搬运大量沉积物,是危害巨大的海洋地质灾害之一。评估深海滑坡的流滑机制并量化分析其对海底结构物的冲击对海洋资源的开发利用至关重要。采用物质点法对滑坡的滑动特性进行了总应力分析。设计了三组不同的土体、海床参数,展现了三种不同的滑动形态:延展、块体和扩张。随后复现了流滑体对部分暴露管线的冲击过程,并对冲击力的稳定值进行了分析,分析中考虑了流滑体的惯性、抗剪强度和静压力的影响。研究表明,物质点法能够用于模拟深海滑坡的流滑过程及其对海底结构物的冲击,可以为海洋工程中的实际设计工作提供服务。     

滇东昆阳磷矿成矿物质来源及其沉积环境

昆阳磷矿位于滇池西南部,为探讨该磷矿的成矿物质来源及其沉积环境,从岩相学和元素地球化学两方面对磷矿石展开了研究.研究结果显示,磷块岩矿石的主要矿物成分为胶磷矿,矿体w(P2 O5)平均含量为26.16％,磷块岩P2 O5含量由地表向地下沿倾向逐渐降低,酸不溶物含量逐渐增加,在垂直剖面上,矿区中部P2 O5含量相对上部和...     

消能减震高层方钢管混凝土框架结构振动台试验研究和弹塑性时程分析

本文首先介绍了一幢安装了粘滞阻尼器的复杂体型高层方钢管混凝土框架结构的1/15缩尺模型的模拟地震振动台试验结果;在此基础上,建立了梁、柱构件的多弹簧模型并组建了整体结构的计算分析模型,运用此计算模型首先对试验模型结构进行了动力弹塑性时程分析,计算结果和试验结果吻合较好,验证了计算模型的正确性;最后,以同样方法对原型结构进行了计算分析,并结合试验结果研究探讨了此结构的抗震性能和阻尼器的消能减震效果。结果表明:该结构未出现明显的薄弱层,能够满足规范的抗震设防要求,阻尼器发挥了一定的消能减震效果,进一步提高了结构的抗震性能。