基于GTP的地下工程与围岩一体化真三维空间构模

针对地下工程开挖体的基本特征及其真三维建模要求，在广义三棱柱(GTP)模型的基础上进行扩展，提出采用E—GTP模型来构建地下工程开挖体的真三维模型。通过与其围岩地质体的G—GTP模型的耦合，实现了基于GTP的工程开挖体与围岩地质体的一体化建模。该模型将地下三维空间实体抽象为点、线、面、体四类对象，通过结点、TIN边、侧边、TIN面、侧面和GTP体元共6个基本几何元素进行统一表达。该文重点讨论了E—GTP的建模原理与方法，并介绍了基于面向对象思想的一体化空间数据结构。     

深部探测揭示壳幔结构及其资源能源效应——“中国大陆典型地区深部地质调查”专辑特邀主编寄语

地球深部结构变化、物质以及能量交换等地球动力学过程,是地球系统最主要的动力来源,诱发地表地貌变化、剥蚀、沉积作用和环境变迁,以及地震、滑坡等自然灾害,控制化石能源和地热等自然资源的分布,是理解成山、成盆、成岩、成矿、成藏和致灾等过程成因机制的核心。为探索中国大陆深部结构和资源能源效应,在党中央“向地球深部进军”的号召下,中国地质调查局于2016年开始设立了深部地质调查工程。工程以抢占大陆基础地质研究国际制高点,引领深部地质研究前沿为宗旨,选择我国资源、能源重要基地,重大地质边界和关键构造单元,开展了地球物理为主的深部探测和综合研究。获取了华南陆块等重要地质单元岩石圈精细结构,研究了班公湖—怒江缝合带重大地质边界性质及空间展布,在松辽盆地、西北盆山结合带等地发现和提取了一批与深部成矿、成藏和清洁能源有关信息。为进一步推动地质调查向深部进军,促进从二维地表地质调查到三维空间地质调查的转变,《地球学报》组织了“中国大陆典型地区深部地质调查”专辑。本专辑集中报道了深部地质调查近三年取得的部分阶段性进展和成果,主要聚焦深部地质调查在揭示地球深部结构,及其对浅部构造和资源能源的控制,服务地球深部探...     

岩体结构统计均质区的划分

本文介绍由Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ提出的基本概率统计理论的关联表分析，结合施密特投影图研究岩体统计均质区的划分方法。对该法进行了适当的修改，编写了相应的计算机程序。并对三峡永久船闸地区的岩体结构，进行了岩体结构统计均质区的划分，获得了良好的效果。     

不同构造参数对圆环耗能器性能的影响分析

设计了13组不同构造参数的圆环耗能器,采用ABAQUS软件对安装在支撑框架结构中的圆环耗能器进行参数分析,研究圆环钢板厚度、圆环外直径、支撑角度、圆环钢板局部削弱形式和削弱深度对圆环耗能器性能的影响。研究结果表明：圆环耗能器滞回曲线稳定、饱满,塑性耗能能力强;随着圆环钢板厚度的增加或者圆环外直径的减小,圆环耗能器初始刚度和屈服力增大;支撑与横梁之间的角度对圆环耗能器性能有一定影响,交叉支撑角度宜取45°左右;圆环钢板局部削弱圆环耗能器比不削弱圆环耗能器具有更好的耗能效果;圆环钢板局部削弱形式宜采用圆弧式,且钢板削弱深度宜控制在圆环钢板宽度的20%~30%。     

东亚春季强冷锋结构及其动力学诊断研究 I. 东亚春季强冷锋结构

本文利用常规探空资料和华东中尺度试验的部分资料，对1983年春季一次快速南下，并在江淮地区产生大范围强对流天气的冷锋进行了三维结构的分析。通过研究发现，这次冷锋过程主要有以下特征: （1） 与冷锋相对应的高空槽前存在一支下沉（DVM）气流；（2）有一强的辐合区出现在对流层中层，锋前上升运动的最大值也出现在对流层中层；（3）比较强的锋生过程主要集中于对流层中下层；（4）存在一支明显的热力直接环流（TDC），即暖湿空气沿冷锋倾斜上升；（5）在冷锋后存在一支较强的下沉气流（DVM），这支DVM对冷锋逆温层（或等温层）的形成可能有重要作用。并将此次东亚春季强冷锋个例与小仓义光（Ogura）等分析的北美春季冷锋（SESAME）个例作了对比，发现此次冷锋个例中，锋区的温度密集区主要在对流层中层，而北美SESAME个例温度密集区主要在对流层低层。这可能是由于东亚高空急流较强，动力强迫而引发锋生所致。     

金沙江白鹤滩水电站坝址区断层变形特点及成因分析

拟建中的白鹤滩水电站坝基将建在二叠系峨眉山组玄武岩层之上.坝址区发育有位移量较小的NW300°、NW320°、NE40°和近SN向4组断层,其中NW300°断层最为发育.在野外详细调查的基础上,室内的显微构造研究和电子自旋共振(简称ESR)测年结果表明,坝址区内的断层是在燕山期晚期近东西向挤压应力场作用下形成,后期又受到了近南北向挤压应力场的改造.断层破碎带以发育典型碎裂-角砾岩等浅层脆性构造岩为特点,近期活动不明显.     

A Metallogenic Model of Gold Deposits of the Jiaodong Granite-Greenstone Belt

An analysis of trace elements and isotopic geochemistry suggest that the ore-forming materials of gold deposits in the Jiaodong granite-greenstone belt have multiple sources, especially the mantle source. Seismic wave, magnetic and gravity fields show that the crust-mantle structure and its coupling mechanism are the fundamental dynamic causes for the exchange and accumulation of materials and energy in the metallogenic system. Considering the evolution history of the structural setting, the tectono-metallogenic dynamics model of the area can be summarized as follows: (1) occurrence of the greenstone belt during the Archean-Proterozoic-the embryonic form of Au-source system; (2) stable tectonic setting in the Paleozoic-an intermittence in gold mineralization; (3) intensive activation and reformation of the greenstone belt in the Mesozoic-tectono-mineralization and tectono-diagensis; (4) posthumous structural activity in the Cenozoic-destruction of orebodies in the later stage. In the middle and late Ind     

胶东新城金矿地质构造特征及深部找矿方向

新城金矿历经20余年的开采,保有矿量服务年限逐渐减少,影响了矿山可持续发展。Ⅴ号盲矿体的发现,证明了矿床深部具有良好的成矿地质条件,为矿山深部第二富集带找矿提供了依据。本文为胶东金矿成矿规律及矿床深部找矿方向的研究,提供了有重要参考价值的资料。      

Vertical structures of PM10 and PM 2.5 and their dynamical character in low atmosphere in Beijing urban areas

The vertical structures and their dynamical character of PM2.5 and PM10 over Beijing urban areas are revealed using the 1 min mean continuous mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 at 8, 100, and 320 m heights of the meteorological observation tower of 325 m at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP CAS tower hereafter) on 10―26 August, 2003, as well as the daily mean mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 and the continuous data of CO and NO2 at 8, 100 (low layer), 200 (middle layer), and 320 m (high layer) heights, in combination with the same period meteorological field observation data of the meteorological tower. The vertical distributions of aerosols observed on IAP CAS tower in Beijing can be roughly divided into two patterns: gradually and rapidly decreasing patterns, I.e. The vertical distribution of aerosols in calm weather or on pollution day belongs to the gradually decreasing pattern, while one on clean day or weak cold air day belongs to the rapidly decreasing pattern. The vertical distributive characters of aerosols were closely related with the dynamical/thermal structure and turbulence character of the atmosphere boundary layer. On the clean day, the low layer PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were close to those at 8 m height, while the concentrations rapidly decreased at the high layer, and their values were only one half of those at 8 m, especially, the concentration of PM2.5 dropped even more. On the clean day, there existed stronger turbulence below 150 m, aerosols were well mixed, but blocked by the more stronger inversion layer aloft, and meanwhile, at various heights, especially in the high layer, the horizontal wind speed was larger, resulting in the rapid decrease of aerosol concentration, I.e. Resulting in the obvious vertical difference of aerosol concentrations between the low and high layers. On the pollution day, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the low, middle, and high layers dropped successively by, on average, about 10% for each layer in comparison with those at 8 m height. On pollution days, in company with the low wind speed, there existed two shallow inversion layers in the boundary layer, but aerosols might be, to some extent, mixed below the inversion layer, therefore, on the pollution day the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 dropped with height slowly; and the observational results also show that the concentrations at 320 m height were obviously high under SW and SE winds, but at other heights, the concentrations were not correlated with wind directions. The computational results of footprint analysis suggest that this was due to the fact that the 320 m height was impacted by the pollutants transfer of southerly flow from the southern peripheral heavier polluted areas, such as Baoding, and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Shandong Province, etc., while the low layer was only affected by Beijing's local pollution source. The computational results of power spectra and periods preliminarily reveal that under the condition of calm weather, the periods of PM10 concentration at various heights of the tower were on the order of minutes, while in cases of larger wind speed, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at 320 m height not only had the short periods of minute-order, but also the longer periods of hour order. Consistent with the conclusion previously drawn by Ding et al., that air pollutants at different heights and at different sites in Beijing had the character of "in-phase" variation, was also observed for the diurnal variation and mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 at various heights of the tower in this experiment, again confirming the "in-phase" temporal/spatial distributive character of air pollutants in the urban canopy of Beijing. The gentle double-peak character of the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 was closely related with the evident/similar diurnal variation of turbulent momentum fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and turbulent kinetic energy at various heights in the urban canopy. Besides, under the condition of calm weather, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 declined with height slowly, it was 90% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, a little lesser than 90% at the middle layer, and 80% at the high layer, respectively. Under the condition of weak cold air weather, the concentration remarkably dropped with height, it was 70% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, and 20%―30% at the middle and high layers, especially the concentration of PM2.5 was even lower.     

青藏高原西部班公-怒江缝合带下方地壳结构与地块拼合模式

利用远震接收函数偏移成像方法获得青藏高原西部Hi-Climb项目剖面北段地壳结构转换波成像。结果显示班公-怒江缝合带下方拉萨地体上地壳向N仰冲,下地壳向N俯冲,而羌塘地块上地壳向S仰冲,下地壳向S俯冲,可能意味着青藏高原西部拉萨地块和羌塘地块具有复杂的拼合过程。结合前人的岩石学研究成果,建立了新特提斯北洋盆洋壳S向俯冲、距今60～50Ma印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞后,拉萨地块的下地壳向羌塘地块下俯冲,而后印度板块俯冲到羌塘地块下方的地块拼合模式