均匀和梯度介质中等时面(线)的几何特征分析

等时面是地震波时间场的等值面,是Kirchhoff型数值模拟及Kirchhoff型偏移与反偏移的数据叠加或数据分布曲面,其几何形状和局部曲率对于Kirchhoff型真振幅偏移和反偏移中的加权函数计算和成像效果具有重要的影响。本文推导了均匀和梯度介质中的等时线公式并计算了二维均匀和梯度介质中等时线的几何特征。     

纵波VTI介质各向异性参数的求取

在新疆塔里木盆地某地区的宽方位三维地震数据中,通过速度分析和不同炮检距范围数据的叠加剖面的比较,发现了各向同性基于双曲线时差曲线的NMO动校正时,远炮检距数据存在比较大的剩余动校正量。分析表明,是由于VTI介质火成岩的各向异性和垂向速度变化引起非双曲线时差。应用纵波短排列地震数据求取的均方根动校正速度,分别以扫描法和旅行时法得到了各自相互验证的各向异性参数。最后,利用所提取的各向异性参数,进行VTI介质各向异性速度分析、动校正和成像,剩余动校正得到消除,成像质量得到明显改善。     

浙东沿海地区陆海不同介质采样区地球化学成图方法

针对浙东沿海地区陆海不同介质采样区地球化学图中出现的自然因素,以及非点源污染和点源污染等因素引起的随机变异,提出选择一种适宜的数据处理模型和色区空间分配为内容的陆海不同介质地球化学成图方法,以改善图面效果。     

面波频散反演地下层状结构的拟牛顿法

由于地下层状结构与面波频散曲线之间是一种高度非线性关系,所以面波频散曲线的反演方法应该采用非线性的反演方法。笔者将目前在最优化问题中得到广泛应用的拟牛顿法应用到瑞利面波频散曲线的基阶模反演当中,取得了很好的效果,并通过实例验证了方法的可行性。     

Ray-centred coordinate systems in anisotropic media

Whereas the ray-centred coordinates for isotropic media by Popov and Pšenčík are uniquely defined by the selection of the basis vectors at one point along the ray, there is considerable freedom in selecting the ray-centred coordinates for anisotropic media. We describe the properties common to all ray-centred coordinate systems for anisotropic media and general conditions, which may be imposed on the basis vectors. We then discuss six different particular choices of ray-centred coordinates in an anisotropic medium. This overview may be useful in choosing the ray-centred coordinates best suited for a particular application. The equations are derived for a general homogeneous Hamiltonian of an arbitrary degree and are thus applicable both to the anisotropic-ray-theory rays and anisotropic common S-wave rays.     

Physical splitting of nonlinear effects in high-velocity stable flow through porous media

For a high-velocity stable flow through a periodic corrugated channel representing an element of porous medium, we suggest splitting the overall nonlinear macroscopic effects into two kinds of different physical origin: a pure inertia effect produced by the convective term of Navier–Stokes equations and an inertia–viscous cross effect representing a variation of the viscous dissipation due to a streamline deformation by inertia forces. We will show that the inertia–viscous cross effects may be revealed by simulating a periodic flow, whilst the pure inertia effects are produced by the microscale flow nonperiodicity. We will reveal the individual flow law for each nonlinear component and analyze the relative role of both components numerically by using the finite element method applied to the Navier–Stokes equations. Both the pure inertia and the inertia–viscous cross effects are revealed to be exponential prior to quadratic or cubic ones. The influence of the dead volume is analyzed. The inertia–viscous cross phenomena are shown to be negligible when the flow structure is clearly nonperiodic.