Assessment of railway vibrations using an efficient scoping model

Vibration assessments are required for new railroad lines to determine the effect of vibrations on local communities. Low accuracy assessments can significantly increase future project costs in the form of further detailed assessment or unexpected vibration abatement measures.This paper presents a new, high accuracy, initial assessment prediction tool for high speed lines. A key advantage of the new approach is that it is capable of including the effect of soil conditions in its calculation. This is novel because current scoping models ignore soil conditions, despite such characteristics being the most dominant factor in vibration propagation. The model also has zero run times thus allowing for the rapid assessment of vibration levels across rail networks.First, the development of the new tool is outlined. It is founded upon using a fully validated three dimensional finite element model to generate synthetic vibration records for a wide range of soil types. These records are analysed using a machine learning approach to map relationships between soil conditions, train speed and vibration levels. Its performance is tested through the prediction of two independent international vibration metrics on four European high speed lines and it is found to have high prediction accuracy.A key benefit from this increased prediction accuracy is that it potentially reduces the volume of detailed vibration analyses required for a new high speed train line. This avoids costly in-depth studies in the form of field experiments or large numerical models. Therefore the use of the new tool can result in cost savings.     

土地利用现状数据缩编方法探析

土地利用现状数据缩编是第二次全国土地调查各尺度比例尺成果转换的关键,选用科学的工作方法有利于成果质量的控制。本文以第二次全国土地调查省级土地利用现状数据缩编为例,详细阐述了缩编的技术方法及流程,探讨了土地利用现状数据缩编的成果质量控制等。     

空地数据链系统中图像自动剪切方法研究

在空地数据链路通信中，鉴于存在需要传输的各种机载图像传感器的数据量越来越大与已有的数据链带宽相对较小的矛盾，为了提高数据链路在战场环境中的图像传输效率，对于用CCD航空相机以中心投影方式获取的静态图像数据，要求远程快速高保真地进行信息传递，提出了一种机载自动数据缩减方案。该方案的关键步骤是图像的自动匹配与剪切，它的实现算法利用了航拍相邻图像间具有强逻辑相关性的特点，基于二维仿射变换模型，使用通过傅里叶-梅林变换计算得到的图像匹配参数，在没有检测到突现目标的情况下，对相邻图像中的场景重叠部分进行自动剪切操作。自动剪切及镶嵌的试验结果表明，本算法复杂度较低，鲁棒性和可操作性较强，能够有效地缩减下行链路中待传输的数据量，具有进一步实用化的潜力。     

地王大厦风振TMD主被动切换混合控制研究

本文采用调谐质量阻尼器对地王大厦这一高层建筑在风荷载作用下的顶点位移进行主被动混合控制，即508重现期风荷载作用下用TMD被动控制，1008重现期风荷载作用下切换为TMD主动控制。理论分析和计算表明，这种控制方式造价低，经济效果佳，以较小的能量输入可取得较优的控制效果。     

Effects of shield brine on the safe disposal of waste in deep geologic environments

The salinity of groundwater increases with depth in the Canadian Shield (up to 1.3 kg/L of density). The existence of brine can be critically important for the safe geologic disposal of radioactive wastes, as dense brine can significantly retard the upward migration of radionuclides released from repositories. Static and flushing conditions of the deep brine are analyzed using a U-tube analogy model. Velocity reduction due to the presence of dense brine is derived under flushing conditions. A set of illustrative numerical simulations in a two-dimensional cross section is presented to demonstrate that dense brine can significantly influence regional groundwater flow patterns in a shield environment. It is implied from the results that (1) the existence of Shield brine can be an indicator of a hydrogeologically stable environment, (2) activities near ground surface may not perturb the stable groundwater environment in the deep brine region, and thus, (3) the deep brine region can be considered as a candidate geologic site for the safe disposal of waste. In addition to brine, other issues associated with long-term waste disposal, such as geological, glacial and seismic events, may need to be considered for the safe storage of spent nuclear fuel in a shield environment.     

广东河台云西金矿床石英的拉曼光谱特征及其对含金性的评价

本文对广东河台云西金矿的石英进行了拉曼光谱研究。结果表明,含金石英与不含金石英的拉曼光谱有着本质的差异。作者通过量子理论的研究,对其差异进行了剖析,发现这种差异与它们之间成分、组构、形成温度的差异紧密联系。因此,作者得出结论:石英的拉曼光谱可以用于评价其含金性。     

Effect of Peak Perforation on Flow Past A Conic Cylinder at Re=100: Drag, Lift and Strouhal Number

A flow past a circular-section cylinder with a perforated conic shroud, in which the perforation is located at the peak of the conic disturbance as the shroud installed on the cylinder and uniformly distributed with several circular holes, is numerically simulated at a Reynolds number of 100. Two factors in the perforation are taken into account, i.e. the attack angle relative to the direction of incoming flow and diameter of holes. The effect of such perforation on the drag, lift and vortex-shedding frequency is mainly investigated. Results have shown that variation of the attack angle has a little effect, especially on the drag and vortex-shedding frequency, except in certain cases due to the varied vortex-shedding patterns in the near wake. The increasing hole diameter still exhibits a little effect on the drag and frequency of vortex shedding, but really reduces the lift, in particular at larger wavelength, such as the lift reduction reaching almost 66%–68% after introducing the perforation.     

Ⅱ型SMA-橡胶隔震支座及其理论模型

将形状记忆合金（SMA）索与普通叠层橡胶垫复合可以形成具有滞回阻尼性能的SMA-橡胶隔震支座。在原SMA-橡胶支座（Ⅰ型）的基础上,在支座中增加弹簧改善SMA耗能拉索的功能,设计了Ⅱ型SMA-橡胶支座,建立了支座的理论模型。通过数值计算详细考察了此种支座的工作特性,并与Ⅰ型SMA-橡胶支座的性能进行了对比。     

用能量法计算轴系横向振动的临界转速

对作横向振动的转轴用能量法分为连续和离散两种模型,计算其一阶临界转速,同时将此法应用于一个实例,并进行了误差分析。     

日本的防震减灾与震后救援概述

日本地处环太平洋地震带,1998-2007年,日本共发生震级为6．0以上的地震199次,约占全球同等规模地震总数961次的20．7％左右,但由其导致的灾害死亡人数仅占世界的9％（中国却占约30％）。他山之石,可以攻玉,中国和日本都是地震多发国家,比较而言,在国民防震减灾教育与震后救援,及日本人普遍能够从容面对地震灾害的日常习惯等方面,日本的做法及获得的经验,值得我国政府和社会公众两方面加以借鉴。