中外合资勘查与中方利益维护——从合资企业容易出现的问题看中外合资勘查

通过分析我国中外合资企业的经验教训和地勘业的实际,对中外合资勘查中容易出现的问题及应采取的对策进行研讨,从维护中方利益的角度,提出了重视无形资产的管理和评估,防止国有资产流失;注意积累,筹集资金,减少外商控股和增资扩股;加强学习,运用国际准则和我国法律维护自己的合法权益,保证中外合资企业的健康发展。     

Substitution Random Fields with Gaussian and Gamma Distributions: Theory and Application to a Pollution Data Set

This paper presents random field models with Gaussian or gamma univariate distributions and isofactorial bivariate distributions, constructed by composing two independent random fields: a directing function with stationary Gaussian increments and a stationary coding process with bivariate Gaussian or gamma distributions. Two variations are proposed, by considering a multivariate directing function and a coding process with a separable covariance, or by including drift components in the directing function. Iterative algorithms based on the Gibbs sampler allow one to condition the realizations of the substitution random fields to a set of data, while the inference of the model parameters relies on simple tools such as indicator variograms and variograms of different orders. A case study in polluted soil management is presented, for which a gamma model is used to quantify the risk that pollutant concentrations over remediation units exceed a given toxicity level. Unlike the multivariate Gaussian model, the proposed gamma model accounts for an asymmetry in the spatial correlation of the indicator functions around the median and for a spatial clustering of high pollutant concentrations.     

大容量海水采水器的研制

介绍一种实用新型的采水器，该采水器具有全新的开闭装置及密封结构．文章对采水器的构造、工作原理及特点进行了有益的探讨。     

船载水样自动采集与分配系统所采水样的适用性研究

为研究船载水样自动采集与分配系统(自动采样系统)所采水样的适用性,在胶州湾海域用自动采样系统和传统采水器两种方式采集水样,在陆基实验室进行了测定,并应用方差分析和相关分析对数据进行了统计分析。结果表明,自动采样系统输送的水样可以满足营养盐和重金属常规监测的需要,并且提高了采样效率。首次探讨了自动采样系统与传统采水器对采样分析结果的影响。     

Laboratory calibration of chemical volcanic gas sampling techniques using an artificial fumarole

We have constructed an artificial laboratory fumarole to calibrate the most common chemical volcanic gas sampling techniques and obtain a quantitative measure of their efficacy. We have also developed and tested a new rugged and portable venturi spray gas sampler. The venturi sampler reproduced the output gas composition most accurately, followed by the Giggenbach bottles, filter packs, and lastly alkaline traps. Passive alkaline traps, however, did better than filter packs when sampling more concentrated fumarole gases. Under ideal conditions, the accuracy of the Giggenbach bottles was identical to the venturi sampler, although there was slightly more scatter. The Giggenbach sampler was more susceptible to problems with condensation on the input train even in a laboratory setting, and this technique was only effective in relatively concentrated gas streams. Filter packs are also effective, but extreme care must be exercised to maintain strong undersaturation with respect to the acid gas. If strong undersaturation (high pH) is not maintained, the filter packs return erroneously low S/Cl and S/F ratios. Use of a pH indicator is an effective way of avoiding this problem. The passive alkaline traps also under-sample sulfur, resulting in low reported S/Cl and S/F ratios. It appears that the overall sampling efficiency of all techniques was not strongly affected by oxygen fugacity over the limited range tested. When detecting sulfate and sulfite simultaneously, we found no difference in total sulfur before and after oxidation. This suggests that all sulfur from the gas regardless of oxidation state was absorbed as sulfite or sulfate and/or was quickly oxidized in solution. This conclusion is supported by IC HS⁻ reference samples.     

Flume‐ and field‐based evaluation of a time‐integrated suspended sediment sampler for the analysis of sediment properties

Suspended sediment has been identified as a vector for nutrient and contaminant transport in the fluvial environment. A time‐integrated sampler (the Phillips sampler), which emerged over a decade ago as a cost‐effective tool for in situ suspended sediment collection, is increasingly being used to collect samples for the analysis of sediment properties such as particle size composition, and nutrient and contaminant concentrations. This study evaluates the sampler under both flume and field conditions for efficiency in the mass and grain size of the suspended sediment collected. The sampler was tested in a flume using both kaolinite and sediment samples (sieved to < 180 µm) collected from the Quesnel River, British Columbia, Canada. In the kaolinite trails, the sampler preferentially collected coarser grain sizes compared to the original sediment, probably due to finer sediment remaining in suspension and therefore passing through the sampler, and also possibly due to flocculation of the kaolinite upon introduction to the flume. Conversely, the sampler collected river sediment that was finer than the original sediment, probably due to some settling of coarser sediment observed at the bottom of the flume. Once allowance was made for these operational issues associated with the flume, maximum sediment mass efficiency for kaolinite and river sediment was 43% and 87%, respectively. Sediment collected by the time‐integrated sampler during field deployment and adjacent channel bed sediment were also compared. The sampler collected sediment with a representative grain size distribution. However, there were differences in the geochemical (arsenic and selenium) concentrations of channel bed sediment and sediment collected by the Phillips sampler which may be a function of differences in the behavior of geochemical elements associated with the two types of sediment. This work suggests that further research is needed to evaluate the role of the Phillips sampler in collecting sediment for contaminant and nutrient analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高精度CTD采水器控制系统的设计与分析

本系统是国家“８６３”任务中８１８－０２Ａ项目的重要组成部 和高精度ＣＴＤ测量仪联用,可以完成任意深度、任意时刻的采水控制功能,它采用国内外最新的技术和元器件,打破了原有的采水控制装置的设计思想,使采水器的动作完全合理准确。本文重点介绍其工作原理和关键技术。     

一种便携式重力取样器的研制

在对湖泊或水库等浅层水域的环境变化研究和环境污染检测中,浅层水域的淤泥质沉积物取样是一项必不可缺的工作.在综合比较国内外常用重力取样器优缺点的基础上,提出了一种能够获取水库、湖泊等水域浅层淤泥质原状沉积物的重力式取样器,并详细介绍了其工作原理及其各组成机构的功能.通过现场试验情况证明,该取样器具有结构简单、操作方便的优点.     

风险投资多阶段决策模型的分析

将传统的拉姆齐消费模型引入到多阶段风险投资中,建立了以获得经济利润最大化为目的的多阶段投资决策模型,利用稳定性理论探讨了均衡解的存在性,并且讨论均衡点处控制权分配的问题,对现实经济活动具有一定的指导意义.     

船载风控大容量气溶胶采集系统的开发和应用

在"我国近海环境综合调查与评价"的海洋气溶胶调查研究中,开发研制了新型船载风控大容量气溶胶采集系统。该系统由风向风速控制器、大容量采样器、自动控制器和抗风防雨防腐蚀箱体等组成。经过海上2 a 4个季度的海洋环境作业,表明该系统具有的大容量采集海洋空气体积,满足海洋气溶胶的微量组分的检出要求;具有的风速风向控制系统,能有效避免所采集的大气气溶胶样品受到船上发动机排出烟尘污染的影响。该系统还具防海水降雨、防腐蚀、结构牢固、流量稳定及抗风能力强等优点。系统采用单片机控制信号的采集、处理和显示,配有温度和压力补偿编程设定以及断电保护、自动修复等功能。海洋现场使用表明,该系统设计合理、数据可靠、灵敏度高,可满足海上大容量气溶胶采样要求。