青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度分布的情景模拟

如何充分利用离散的观测数据,通过对维管植物物种分布丰富度及其与生境因子之间的相互作用和影响机理的定量分析,实现维管植物物种丰富度的空间分布及其情景模拟,是目前生物多样性研究前沿和核心内容之一。针对这一问题,在实现青藏高原37个国家自然保护区的维管植物物种数量收集和边界数据矢量化的基础上,分别进行维管植物物种数量与土地覆盖类型、环境因子和景观生态指数等三大类生境因子之间的相关关系的定量计算和对比分析,筛选和确定最佳相关分析方程,进而构建青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度的空间模拟分析模型。该模型中,维管植物物种丰富度与生境因子之间的复相关系数为0.94,模型验证结果表明,青藏高原的维管植物物种的平均丰富度为496.79种/100 km²,其空间分布格局整体上呈东南向西北逐渐减少趋势;另外,除柴达木盆地荒漠区域以外,维管植物物种的空间分布随海拔的升高而减少。基于CMIP5 RCP 2.6、RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5三种气候情景模拟获得的青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度未来情景结果显示,在T0-T4（2010-2100）时段内,青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度整体将呈减少趋势。RCP 8.5情景下青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度的变化幅度最大,而RCP 2.6情景下的维管植物物种丰富度的变化幅度最小。研究表明,本文构建的模型能够对青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度的空间分布格局及其未来情景进行模拟分析,模拟结果可为青藏高原生物多样性及其对气候变化响应的综合评估和情景模拟提供方法和技术支持。     

A new tribe of Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia

A new tribe of Diamesinae, Eugenodiamesini tr. nov. (Diptera: Chironomidae), is described based on a single pupa from Khutel Khara (lower part of the Tsagan Tsab Formation, Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia). The most distinctive characters of the new taxon are numerous multibranched lateral setae on tubercles along entire margins of abdominal segments II–VIII, and a unique setation of the anal lobes, with two multibranched anal macrosetae on each side and one simple near the apex. The fossil is the oldest known member of Diamesinae.     

太原西山煤田一种新的科达根及其生态意义

山西太原西山煤田太原组7号煤层煤核中一种科达植物根部化石——太原无髓根(新种)Amyelon taiyuanense Wang et Tian,sp.nov.,它有别于无髓根属其它的已知种,其主要特征是:a.内部皮层具板状厚角组织并通气组织化;b.具外皮层,其细胞的径向壁发育,有栓质化加厚带;c.皮层可以较长时期留存。它与现代一些红树植物如红树属Rhizophora、白骨壤属Avicennia、柱果木属Conocarpus等根的皮层中的通气组织非常相似。而这些红树植物均生活于海边的咸水或半咸水沼泽中。因此,本属种所代表的科达值物的生活环境可能也是滨海咸水或半咸水泥炭沼泽。沉积环境分析的结果证明上述推断是正确的。      

台湾海峡小型底栖生物数量的量分布

海洋小型底栖生物是海洋生态环境中一重要生物类群,在海洋环境中表现出种类繁多、数量大、生命周期短、生产量高等特点,是底栖生物食物链中不可忽视的一环,在生态系统的能量转换中具有重要作用,已在生态研究中把它作为重要的研究对象。     

福建省维管束植物物种多样性及其分布格局

截至2011年7月,福建省发现的维管束植物有250科1611属4839种（含亚、变种）,是中国植物多样性较为丰富的省份之一．福建维管束植物主要集中分布在武夷山脉和戴云山脉地区,其中武夷山脉北段具有物种丰富度高、特有种多等特点,是中国11个具有全球意义的生物多样性保护的关键区之一．武夷山脉中段是福建省自然保护区分布最为密集的区域,也是福建省植物物种多样性最为丰富的地区．以福建戴云山国家级自然保护区为核心的戴云山脉中段,分布着大面积的南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林,有着丰富的植物多样性,位于戴云山脉南段的博平岭则是福建省南亚热带雨林森林生态系统的典型分布区,其植物种类在福建省植物物种多样性中独树一帜．分布在福建滨海湿地的维管束植物虽然种类不多,但地域特色显著,是福建维管束植物的重要组成部分．     

New Jurassic Pseudopolycentropodids from China (Insecta: Mecoptera)

Abstract: In this paper two new species of fossil Pseudopolycentropus Handlirsch, 1906 are described: Pseudopolycentropus janeannae sp. nov. and P. novokshonovi, sp. nov. All of them were recovered from the Middle Jurassic non-marine sedimentary strata of northeastern China. The new material from China reveals that the early diversification of pseudopolycentropodids was well underway by the Middle Jurassic.     

Land-sea correlations in the Australian region: 460 ka of changes recorded in a deep-sea core offshore Tasmania. Part 1: the pollen record

Long, well-dated records of climate change in Australia are rare because most of the continent is prone to deflation and sediments are difficult to date beyond 40?ka. Deep-sea cores, containing terrigenous material, provide an ideal alternative to terrestrial records, because of continuous sedimentation and a robust chronology derived from oxygen isotopes. In this paper, the first of a series of two, we present pollen and spores data from core Fr1/94-GC3 from the East Tasman Plateau. This core is positioned at the southern extreme of the East Australia Current and simultaneously records changes in both oceanography and environments both offshore and in southeastern Australia. In an area of slow sedimentation, this core provides a continuous record of vegetation change in southeastern Australia and the southern Tasman Sea over approximately the last half a million years. Through time, glacial periods have progressively become warmer and shorter. Alpine plant taxa become more restricted with time and rainforest taxa expand to a far more restricted degree during the present interglacial period than the previous one, representing a fundamental shift in the vegetation of Tasmania. We apply transfer functions to reconstruct past rainfall and land temperatures based on the palynoflora that are then compared against the marine proxy record.     

New Pelecinid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea: Pelecinidae) from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China

Three well-preserved fossil Pelecinids from the Late Mesozoic Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China are described and assigned to two new species, Eopelecinus huangi sp. nov. and Eopelecinus tumidus sp. nov. in Eopelecinus Zhang, Rasnitsyn and Zhang, 2002. As of now, 17 species have been included in this genus, which is the most diverse in the Pelecinidae family. With new information and characters obtained from these new specimens, the diagnosis of Eopelecinus Zhang, Rasnitsyn and Zhang, 2002 is emended.     

Revision of the Cretaceous echinoids Heterodiadema and Trochodiadema,and description of two new genera from the Middle East and Arabian Peninsula

The Cretaceous hetero diadematid echinoids Heterodiadema Cotteau, 1862 and Trochodiadema de Loriol, 1900 are revised and provided with amended diagnoses. Of six species previously referred to Heterodiadema, only three are now retained in this genus, namely Heterodiadema libycum (Desor in Agassiz & Desor, 1846), Heterodiadema ouremense de Loriol, 1884 and Heterodiadema buhaysensis Smith, 1995. Similarly, seven species were previously assigned to Trochodiadema, but here only Trochodiadema abramense de Loriol, 1900 is left in this genus. Based on material previously referred to Trochodiadema, two new genera and one new species are established: Loriolidiadema gen. nov. from the Lower Cretaceous of the Middle East, and Arabicodiadema gen. nov. and Arabicodiadema alii sp. nov from the Albian and Cenomanian of the Arabian Peninsula. Trochodiadema isidis Fourtau, 1921 is transferred to Aegyptiaris Abdelhamid & Abdelghany, 2015. New morphological data on primary and secondary spines and perignathic girdle are presented; these improve our understanding of the evolution and relationships of the family Heterodiadematidae Smith & Wright, 1993.