Kalligrammatid Lacewings from the Upper Jurassic Daohugou Formation in Inner Mongolia, China

A new species, referable to a new genus, is erected, and named the Sinokalligramma jurassicum gen. et sp. nov. It is the second finding of kalligrammatids in the Daohugou Formation. The origin and migration of the family Kalligrammatidae are discussed. The geological age and stratigraphic correlation of the Daohugou and Karabastau Formations are briefly reviewed and reassessed.     

显生宙全球气候变化与生物绝灭事件的联系

根据显生宙各地质时期全球气候敏感沉积物和生物地理单元数据库，显生宙（寒武纪至中新世）可识别出２４次全球范围内不同级别的气候变化事件。有些事件与全球生物事件有着密切的联系，而不少则并无重要联系，即使这两种事件发生的时间和规模上存在着明显的一致性，也并不一定就存在着因果关系。这２４次事件根据二者的一致性和不一致性，可归纳为两类：（１）早寒武世末（一致）；（２）晚寒武世末（不一致）；（３）早奥陶世末（Ｉｂｅｘｉａｎ末，不一致）；（４）奥陶纪末（一致）；（５）志留纪兰多维列世（不一致）；（６）志留纪文洛克世早期（不一致）；（７）志留纪文洛克世末（不一致）；（８）志留纪罗德洛世末（不一致）；（９）志留纪普利道里世末（不一致）；（１０）早泥盆世埃姆斯期初（不一致）；（１１）中泥盆世艾菲尔期末（一致）；（１２）中泥盆世吉维特期末（一致）；（１３）晚泥盆世弗拉斯期末（一致）；（１４）泥盆纪末（不一致）；（１５）早石炭世末（一致）；（１６）晚石炭世维斯发期末（一致）；（１７）早二叠世萨克马尔晚期（一致）；（１８）二叠纪末（一致）；（１９）早三叠世（一致）；（２０）中—晚三叠世（不一致）；（２１）早侏罗世赫塘期（不一致）；（２?     

CTA评价颈动脉斑块成分及体积与脑血管症状相关性

目的:采用CTA探讨脉颈动脉分叉部、颈内动脉虹吸段斑块成分和体积的差异、及其对脑血管事件的预测价值。方法:纳入行颈动脉CTA检查患者100人,其中男性65人,女性35人,平均年龄(55±9)岁。根据CT值的不同区分颈动脉分叉处及虹吸段斑块成分(脂质斑块<60 HU;混合斑块60~130 HU;钙化斑块>130 HU),并测量各成分斑块体积。分别使用独立样本T检验、χ²检验分析颈内动脉虹吸段与颈总动脉分叉部各组分斑块体积及构成比差异,并计算受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)及其曲线下的面积,分析斑块总体积、各成分斑块体积对预测出现脑血管症状的准确性。结果:颈动脉分叉段与虹吸段斑块总体积分别为(752.3±3.4) mm³,(56.2±5.541) mm³,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。颈内动脉虹吸段脂质斑块数量构成比为16.8%,钙化斑块数量构成比为49.1%,混合斑块数量构成比为34.1%;颈总动脉脂质斑块、钙化斑块、混合斑块数量构成比分别为33.3%,32.0%,34.6%,两处斑块数量构成比差异存在统计学意义(χ²=26.077,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示颈动脉分叉斑块总体积、脂质斑块体积及混合斑块体积对脑血管症状的发生有较好的预测价值(P<0.001),曲线下面积分别为0.682、0.773及0.653,且颈动脉分叉脂质斑块体积为203.383 mm³时为最佳截割点,敏感度、特异度分别为69.0%、82.2%。结论:颈动脉分叉部和颈内动脉虹吸部不同类型斑块体积和构成比间有显著差异,颈动脉分叉部脂质斑块体积对脑血管事件有较好的预测价值。     

淀山湖水生维管束植物群落研究

论述了淀山湖水生维管束植物的种类组成、分布、群落类型、群落的数量特征及演替。结果是:（1）湖中分布有26种水生维管束植物,隶属16科,21属;其优势种为苦草、菹草、马来眼子菜、芦苇等。（2）湖中水生植被呈不规则环带状分布,并可划分为挺水、浮叶、沉水三个植物带,12个主要水生维管束植物群落。（3）水生维管束植物的重要值以苦草最大,茨藻属植物最小。（4）淀山湖水生维管束植物群落有由沉水型向浮叶型、挺水型或漂浮型过渡的趋势。     

志留纪—早泥盆世维管植物的系统发育、幕式演化和地理分布:植物大化石证据

尽管近年来对志留纪—早泥盆世陆生维管植物系统发育的认识取得了很大进展,但是目前对多囊蕨类、莱尼蕨类、工蕨类的界定和类群划分尚有分歧,工蕨类和石松类的姐妹群关系仍有疑问,真叶植物基部类群有待深入研究。志留纪至早泥盆世的维管植物演化可划分为2幕,即前布拉格期序幕阶段和布拉格期爆发阶段。维管植物主要分支在第1幕均处于萌芽状态,仅出现个别先驱型分子;第2幕为维管植物分支爆发式演化的主幕。在布拉格期,规则叶序、孢子叶、似叶球状结构等石松类的典型性状最早显现,真叶植物发生明显的分支分化,大型叶及其同源器官(枝叶复合体)多次独立起源,孢子囊和叶性结构的发育相关性在多个支系中趋同演化出现。古植物地理方面,在东北冈瓦纳区的华南地区,工蕨类以孢子囊螺旋排列的类型为主,真叶植物在布拉格期显示出高度的多样性和分异度;在劳俄区,工蕨类中孢子囊成列排列的类型较为丰富,真叶植物的大量出现要晚于华南地区。羊角蕨纲、拟库克逊蕨类、莱尼蕨目的分支演化可能主要发生在南劳俄和西北冈瓦纳等中、高纬度地区。工蕨类、石松类和真叶植物的分支演化和地理辐射可能遵循“走出热带”模式,它们在低纬度地区最早发生分化并快速辐射;维管植物主要分支在布拉格期的爆发式演化,主要是热带植物群革新演化的贡献。     

The first record of Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from the Upper Cretaceous of Myanmar

A new subfamily of Ichneumonidae, Novichneumoninae subfam. nov., is established based on two new genera with two new species: Novichneumon longus gen. et sp. nov. and Caloichneumon perrarus gen. et sp. nov. These two new species are the first ichneumonids described from the Upper Cretaceous Myanmar (Burmese) amber. A list of all described Mesozoic ichneumonid fossil species with their respective localities and ages is summarized. The distribution of Ichneumonoidea during the Cretaceous indicates that Cretaceous ichneumonids were documented from localities at high latitudes while braconids were distributed worldwide, a pattern consistent with the distribution of extant ichneumonids and braconids.     

CT在急诊脑血管病和脑外伤诊断上的应用

本文总结回顾了ＣＴ在７８例急性脑外伤和脑血管病中应用，认为ＣＴ在帮助临床上定位，定性诊断中具有重要价值，为临床正确诊断和治疗手段上提供了客观准确的依据。     

Chemical characterization of Lower Devonian vascular plants

Vegetative remains of three coalified Lower Devonian vascular plants (Zosterophyllum, Psilophyton, Renalia) were analyzed using flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The distributions of pyrolysis products are compared with those from younger vascular plant fossil xylem (Cordaixylon, Callixylon) and cuticle (Pachypteris). The likelihood of the chemical preservation of characteristic higher plant macromolecules (e.g., lignin and cutan) in the Lower Devonian plant fossils is considered in light of this comparison and associated thermal maturity assessments. Reflectance values from vitrinite-like macerals, which may not be vitrinite sensu stricto in the Lower Devonian host rocks for the fossils selected for this study, are shown to provide a reasonable assessment of the thermal maturity of these early vascular plant fossils. Although lignin altered through burial maturation is the most likely source of the prominent alkylphenols and aromatic hydrocarbons in the Lower Devonian tracheophyte flash pyrolysates, a contribution from thermally modified tannins cannot be ruled out. Comparison of the highly aliphatic pyrolysates from the Zosterophyllum and Psilophyton axes with that of a thermally mature fossil gymnosperm leaf revealed that cutan was an important component in the Devonian plant remains. This is the earliest chemical evidence for the presence of cutan in vascular plants.