划分重力区域异常与局部异常的变阶滑动趋势分析法

本文在分析一般趋势分析缺陷的基础上,提出了变阶滑动趋势分析法,并用正交变换代替趋势分析中的解线性方程组,避免了线性方程组病态而造成的异常失真。最后用理论模型和实际资料处理结果说明了变阶滑动趋势分析的优点。     

定向钻进技术发展与展望

我国定向钻进技术的研究已进入世界先进国家行列。列举了我国在定向钻进器具方面的科研成果及典型的定向钻进应用实例,着重介绍了目前国际上与定向钻进有关的先进技术,并就我国拓宽定向钻进应用新领域及相应需要研究的新技术提出了参考性建议。     

The influence of a stratified rheology on the flexural response of the lithosphere to (un)loading by extensional faulting

We present a two-layered finite difference model for the flexural response of the lithosphere to extensional faulting. The model allows for three modes of flexure: (1) fully coupled, with the upper crust and mantle welded together by the lower crust; (2) fully decoupled, with the upper crust and mantle behaving as independent layers; and (3) partly decoupled, signifying that the response of the upper crust to small-wavelength loads is superimposed on the response of the entire lithosphere to long-wavelength loads. Which of these modes of flexure is to be expected depends on the rheology and especially the thermal state of the lithosphere. Coupled behaviour is related to a cold and strong lithosphere. The Baikal Rift Zone provides a typical example for this mode of flexure. A fully decoupled lithosphere is an exceptional case, related to anomalous high temperatures in the lower crust, and is observed in the Basin and Range province. The most common case is a partly decoupled lithosphere, with the degree of decoupling depending on the thickness and viscosity of the lower crust. This is inferred, for example, for the Bay of Biscay margin.     

Mantle convection with a brittle lithosphere: thoughts on the global tectonic styles of the Earth and Venus

Plates are an integral part of the convection system in the fluid mantle, but plate boundaries are the product of brittle faulting and plate motions are strongly influenced by the existence of such faults. The conditions for plate tectonics are studied by considering brittle behaviour, using Byerlee's law to limit the maximum stress in the lithosphere, in a mantle convection model with temperature-dependent viscosity.
When the yield stress is high, convection is confined below a thick, stagnant lithosphere. At low yield stress, brittle deformation mobilizes the lithosphere which becomes a part of the overall circulation; surface deformation occurs in localized regions close to upwellings and downwellings in the system. At intermediate levels of the yield stress, there is a cycling between these two states: thick lithosphere episodically mobilizes and collapses into the interior before reforming.
The mobile-lid regime resembles convection of a fluid with temperature-dependent viscosity and the boundary-layer scalings are found to be analogous. This regime has a well defined Nusselt number–Rayleigh number relationship which is in good agreement with scaling theory. The surface velocity is nearly independent of the yield stress, indicating that the 'plate' motion is resisted by viscous stresses in the mantle.
Analysis suggests that mobilization of the Earth's lithosphere can occur if the friction coefficient in the lithosphere is less than 0.03–0.13—lower than laboratory values but consistent with seismic field studies. On Venus, the friction coefficient may be high as a result of the dry conditions, and brittle mobilization of the lithosphere would then be episodic and catastrophic.     

地质钻机交流变频调速系统驱动性能的实验研究

在模拟回转和提升负载条件下，对异步电机和变频器组成的驱动系统在地质钻机上的适应性作了比较全面系统地实验研究。实验结果表明：交流变频驱动系统其调速范围宽，驱动特性好，可实现带载频繁启动；具有限定最大输出转矩、设定加减速时间等多项可选择的功能。系统运行可靠、效率高。在钻机上使用，可简化钻机传动机构，利于优化钻井和安全钻井；便于实现钻探设备的自动化。因此，交通变频驱动在钻机上有很好的应用前提，是一项值得     

What is Measured in Measuring the Mortgage Market

Mortgage activity has commonly been measured with two variables: the volume of loans and the success rate of applications. I argue that these measurements represent distinct portions of the overall mortgage market and correspond to different social, racial, and economic attributes. Using Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data for 1991 and 1992 in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area, I compare a variable measuring the percentage of loan applications denied with a variable measuring the number of loans per 1,000 housing units. I find that these two variables display disparate spatial patterns, that they are associated with different census tract characteristics, and that they correspond to separate dimensions of social geography. These differences suggest that the evaluation of bank performance in meeting fair housing objectives depends on how this performance is measured. Both measurements are useful, but care must be taken in their application.     

多元特征函数在矩量中的应用

利用随机变量的特征函数来定义中心矩量,并研究两类矩量之间的相互关系,这是一个新的课题。本文目的是寻求新的途径,在多元随机变量的情况下,应用特征函数建立各阶中心矩量与原点矩量之间的一般表达式。     

岩体结构随机模型模拟方法

本文论述利用勘探平硐资料研究岩体结构面分布规律及进行岩体结构面随机模型模拟方法。文中首先论述了描述结构面空间分布规律的五个几何参数,即产状、形态、规模、密度和张开度及其相应的概率分布型式;其次简单的介绍了 Monte-Carlo 方法在模拟结构面分布中的应用;最后结合三峡工程实例,论述了利用坝基勘探平硐编录图及现场记录估计结构面产状、迹线长度、中点密度分布参数的方法,并且给出了在参数估计基础上进行 Monte-Carlo模拟的部分结果。本文为岩体结构力学分析提供了一个定量的结构模型。     

岩浆岩的熔点、粘度及其与化学成分的关系

本文研究了我国中、新生代一些岩浆岩的化学成分、熔点、人工玻璃的折射率和比重以及它们在不同温度下的粘度。在常压下岩石酸度愈大,熔点愈高。熔点与岩石的Fe~(2+(+Fe~(3+)+Mn+Mg±Ca为反相关;与Si+Al+K+Na为正相关。计算粘度与温度的关系表明,酸度愈大,粘度愈大;碱度愈大,粘度愈小,温度愈高,粘度愈低;同一温差下,酸度愈大,粘度变化愈大。