塔里木东风低空急流与南疆降水

中亚低涡是中亚干旱气候和独特地理结构背景下形成的具有区域特色的切断低涡系统,是影响中亚天气气候的重要天气系统。从20世纪60年代开始我国气象学者就关注并对其天气学特征进行了初步研究,直到2000年以后随着观测资料不断丰富和气象学理论发展,学者对中亚低涡定义、分类、活动特点、形成机制及其对新疆强降雨的影响进行了深入研究。本文梳理和总结了近20 a中亚低涡系统活动特征及其对新疆降雨影响研究,以及中亚低涡背景下典型暴雨天气环流配置和水汽特征、与暴雨和短时强降水相关的中尺度系统、暴雨多尺度天气系统协同作用等方面的进展,并提出需要进一步深入研究的科学问题。

     

南极两站X/L双频段遥感接收系统及研究应用

卫星遥感是南极研究的重要工具。2009年底和2010年初,我国南极长城、中山站的X/L双频段卫星遥感接收系统分别建成并投入使用,此系统可接收美国NASA的Terra和Aqua卫星的MODIS数据、NOAA系列卫星以及我国风云一号卫星的数据,实现了对南极地区天气、积雪、海冰以及南大洋海洋生态等的实时监测,并将在我国多个学科领域的南极研究中发挥重要作用。本文在说明了此卫星遥感接收系统的组成结构、运行方式和数据产品种类后,对此系统的使用情况做了一些介绍,对将使用此系统数据开展南极下降风、南极冰雪覆盖及反照率、南极大气和海洋数值模式等各领域的研究工作进行了初步探讨。     

The impacts of urbanization on soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region

The accelerated urbanization has resulted in new soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region since the 1980s. A concept of urban erosion and its impacts on environment are discussed. The experimental studies and field investigations show that those loose silt and earth piles formed by urban construction can be eroded seriously: Under stormy rain, the amount of sediment from steep man-dumped slope is 10.8-12.2 times that of from uncovered slope land; the result of experiments with the wind tunnel also shows that the damage to the surface structure of dry loess can cause serious soil erosion by wind in some cities of the region. Even if in the urban built-up area, there are many loose sandy soil, mud and silt, which are washed into rivers by city’s ground flow in the rainy season. So, anthropogenically induced soil erosion has made soil erosion more serious around the urban areas. And the urban eroded environment has several characteristics such as fragility, complexity, seasonality and quick variability. Urban areas witness a quick economic growth and have more construction projects than rural areas, which brings more intensive changes of environments during a short period of time or adds some new elements to the erosion system. Therefore erosion has experienced more intensive impact by human activities. So, the possible impact of urbanization on erosion environment must be taken into consideration when designing or planning to exploit natural resources or to develop urban areas in the Loess Plateau.     

基于数字信号处理器的Linux网络远程实时监控系统的实现

针对现有市场上传统视频监控系统的不足,以及大部分数字信号处理器在控制和内存管理方面的局限性,设计了一个面向网络设备的嵌入式监控模型。该模型能最大限度的发挥数字信号处理器的性能,在单片数字信号处理器下,实现网络远程实时监控。首先对该监控系统的设计方案进行阐述;接着针对该系统模型的重点部分,数字信号处理器下的μCLinux操作系统移植,视频压缩模块和实时传输模块实现及优化进行了具体设计;最后对该模型的整体性能进行测试,证明该模型能满足网络远程实时监控系统的需要。     

基于C/S的矿产资源开发储量管理信息系统的研发

为实现矿产资源储量管理网络实时查询功能,在目前国土资源部金土工程的储量管理软件的基础上,开发出了"基于C/S的矿产资源开发储量管理信息系统".该系统采用了结构化的程序设计方法,操作系统平台采用了MS Windows系统,程序开发平台采用了Borland公司Delphi,数据库的查询语言采用标准SQL查询语言,主要实现了矿产资源开发和储量数据的综合查询和汇总功能.     

利益相关者对旅游产业的认知差异分析

基于一般系统论和博弈论理论,对旅游产业利益相关者进行界定,分析了各利益主体对旅游产业认知差异,认为主要表现在政策、经济、社会文化、环境保护等4个方面.由于认知差异的存在,各利益主体行为对旅游产业产生了正面影响和负面影响,针对负面影响提出了相应的对策,旨在促进旅游产业发展达到一种利益均衡、责权对称的状态.     

南京市旅游流网络结构构建

借助社会网络理论和方法, 研究了城市旅游流网络结构特征、城市旅游流网络结构评价指标体系, 并对南京市旅游流网络结构进行了实证分析。南京市旅游空间网络中, 所选取 的16 个旅游节点中平均每个旅游节点与5.19 个其他节点存在着旅游流集聚与辐射联系; 平均每个旅游节点充当旅游流中介者次数为6.07, 旅游节点之间距离相互联系比较紧密。但各旅游节点之间分布不十分均衡, 夫子庙秦淮风光带、钟山风景区、新街口、总统府、侵华日军南京大屠杀纪念馆等处于核心点, 旅游网络中集聚和辐射功能都很强, 且结构洞水平较高, 拥有更多的竞争机会和非替代性区位优势, 但可能会造成严重的旅游流瓶颈问题。南京市旅游空间网络密度不是很高(0.35), 旅游空间网络中存在着明显的结构分层, 其中共有7 个旅游节点成为核心区的成员, 核心区内部成员间联结密度达0.81, 形成了强中心线型结构。同时, 根据Dianne Dredge 提出的旅游目的地3 种空间结构模型, 结合南京市旅游空间网络结构特征, 判定了南京市城市旅游空间发展阶段及布局模式为发展阶段的多节点布局模式。最后, 指出了旅游流网络结构构建和评价中存在的问题以及在城市旅游可持续发展研究中的应用前景。     

On Relativistic Equations of Motion of an Earth Satellite

For numerical integration of the geocentric equations of motion of Earth satellites in the general relativity framework one may choose now between rather simple equations involving in their relativistic dynamical part only the Earth-induced terms and very complicated equations taking into account the relativistic third-body action. However, it is possible quite easily to take into account the relativistic indirect third-body perturbations and to neglect much lesser direct third-body perturbations. Such approach is based on the use of the Newtonian third-body perturbations in geocentric variables with expressing them in the relativistic manner in terms of the barycentric arguments. Together with it, to extend the known results for the spheroid model of the Earth, the Earth-induced terms are treated in great detail by including the non-spin part of the Earth vector-potential and the Earth triaxial non-sphericity.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Beach Crowding Index: A Tool for Assessing Social Carrying Capacity of Vulnerable Beaches

The aim of this article is to introduce the Beach Crowding Index (BCI), a procedure to assess the social carrying capacity of vulnerable beaches. The study uses the people at one time (PAOT) approach and data gathered weekly throughout the bathing season regarding the number of beachgoers in 100 m² cells of the beach to assess how many beachgoers it can comfortably hold. The procedure is based on fieldwork, interviews with beachgoers, and geographic information system (GIS) analysis and has been tested on four beaches in protected areas on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. On a scale from 0 to 4, minimum scores throughout the bathing season are 0.7 and maximum 3.7, although results showed wide variation between the beaches, the section of the beach, and the time of day. This study suggests that determining the location of beachgoers and collecting a long-term series of data is fundamental to assessing social carrying capacity and that the BCI procedure can be used for a large number of applications.     

巴基斯坦城镇体系特征及其影响因素

基于人口普查数据、自然环境、经济产业及交通路网等公开数据,运用城镇体系金字塔、城镇规模基尼系数以及核密度分析等方法,对巴基斯坦城镇体系特征及其影响因素进行分析,发现:1)规模结构方面,城镇规模分布较集中,表现为"大城市化"与"小城市化"并重的特征,中间级别城市发展滞后,城镇人口金字塔大致呈现沙漏形态;空间结构方面,整体...