莱州湾海岸带环境与功能区划初探

利用国家海洋局第一海洋研究所2007—2008年莱州湾地下水监测数据,在甄别、整理的基础上,进行了相关分析、主成分和聚类分析。根据聚类分析各类别的地下水质特征,同时考虑到区域的可持续发展,划分出海水入侵预防治理区、海水入侵重点治理区、养殖与海化产业区和海化工业区共四个区域。     

马尔可夫链模型在地下水水位预测中的应用

作者将鲁南地区一水文观测孔的９２次地下水水位月平均监测数据,划分了１０种状态范围,运用马尔可夫链模型,对未来地下水水位进行状态范围预测。在与实际监测资料进行对比的基础上,验证了马尔可夫链理论在地下水水位预测中的可行性及可靠性,并对运用中的具体问题进行了探讨。     

山东省日照市蓝色经济区城市三维地质结构调查及三维建模

针对日照市城市可持续发展中面临的地质环境和地质资源问题,开展蓝色经济区城市三维地质结构调查。运用先进的勘察技术、地理信息系统技术、三维地质建模技术,开展城市三维地质结构填图,建立了日照市钻孔三维实体、第四系结构、基岩结构三维模型。通过数字曲面拟合和计算机图形学的方法,把空间分布不均匀、不连续、散乱的地质信息变成可视的、连续的、形象直观的三维地质模型,以三维图象的形式形象地表达了各种地质结构的真实形态、特征,圈定影响深基础开挖和地下空间利用的不良地质体范围,为日照市地下空间资源开发利用提供地质依据。     

冠县地下水资源概况及开发利用建议

介绍了山东省冠县的水文地质条件和地下水资源开发利用现状,分析了由于过量开采浅层地下水而引发的水位下降及水质恶化等问题,提出了合理开发利用地下水的建议。     

Underground water quality model inversion of genetic algorithm

The underground water qualitymodel with non-linear inversion problem is illposed, and boils down to solving the minimum of nonlinear function. Genetic algorithms are adopted in a number of individuals of groups by iterative search to find the optimal solution of the problem, the encoding strings as its operational objective, and achieving the iterative calculations by the genetic operators. It is an effective method of inverse problems of groundwater, with incomparable advantages and practical significances.     

利用海量探测数据实现昆明市地下管线三维建模的应用研究

本文讲述以Skyline5.1为三维GIS开发平台,以C#为二次开发语言,结合昆明市地下管网的实地探测数据,快速实现昆明城市地下管线探测数据三维模型的建设。在此过程中解决了大数据量城市地下管线数据直接三维模型构建并正确处理管线数据之间的逻辑关系,减少人工干预工作量;从而实现城市地下管线探测数据快速生成三维图形并提交使用。     

广西岩溶石山地区地下水开发利用建议

为了解决广西岩溶石山区人畜饮水和农田用水问题 ,需对丰富的地下水资源进行详细勘查和合理开发 ,采取有效措施 ,就能实现岩溶石山区人民的脱贫目标。     

井冈山森林火灾与气象条件的相关分析

根据江西井冈山森林火灾资料,利用一元回归和逐步回归分析方法,对井冈山1991—2000年森林火灾发生期间的连旱日数、降水量、相对湿度、气温、风速5个主要气象指标进行分析,将各指标分别与火灾发生次数、森林受害面积进行回归计算,建立了利用连旱日数和降水量预测森林火灾受灾面积及发生次数的数学模型。模式运算结果表明,当火灾发生前15 d连旱日数增加时,火灾次数增加;当火灾发生前15 d连旱日数增加、降水量减少时,火灾面积增加。     

Impact of an inter‐basin water transfer and reservoir operation on a karst open streamflow hydrological regime: an example from the Dinaric karst (Croatia)

This paper describes the hydrological changes caused by inter‐basin water transfer and the reservoir development on the hydrological regimes of two rivers. The Sabljaki Reservoir in the Zagorska Mre?nica River and the Bukovik Reservoir in the upper Dobra River began operation in 1959. Both are part of the hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) Gojak, whose installed capacity is 50 m³/s. Their water volumes at the spillway altitudes of 320·10 and 320·15 m a. s. l. are 3·3 × 10⁶ and 0·24 × 10⁶ m³ respectively. Both the Dobra and Mre?nica Rivers are losing, sinking and underground karst rivers. A 9376‐m‐long tunnel provides water from the Sabljaki Reservoir to the HEPP Gojak, which was constructed in the Lower Dobra River. The Sabljaki Reservoir is located in the Pla?ki karst polje, while the Bukovik Reservoir is located in the neighbouring Ogulin karst polje. The consequences of the inter‐basin water transfer are strong and have caused abrupt changes in the hydrological regimes of the downstream sections of both rivers. At the same time, the construction and development of both the reservoirs have also caused hydrological changes to the upstream section of the Upper Dobra River. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Re‐establishment of soil water repellency after destruction by intense burning in a Mediterranean heathland (SW Spain)

Soil water repellency has been conventionally considered as a fire‐induced effect, but an increasing number of studies have suggested that natural background repellency occurs in many soil types, and many of them have suggested that water repellency can be re‐established over time after being destroyed. An experimental fire was conducted to study changes of the soil surface during the first 18 months following intense burning. The main objectives of this paper are as follows: (1) to investigate in situ water repellency changes at three soil depths (0, 2 and 4 cm) immediately after burning; (2) to evaluate the medium‐term evolution of water repellency under field conditions; and (3) to outline the main hydrological consequences of these changes. Also, different water repellency tests (water drop penetration time, ethanol percentage test (EPT) and contact angle (CA) between water drops and the soil surface) were carried out for comparison purposes. Field experiments showed that soil water repellency was partly destroyed after intense burning. Changes were relatively strong at the soil surface, but diminished progressively with depth. Levels of water repellency were practically re‐established 18 months after burning. This suggests that water repellency in the studied area is not necessarily a consequence of fire, but can instead be a natural attribute. Finally, although limited in time, destruction of soil water repellency has important consequences for runoff flow generation and soil loss rates, and, indirectly, for water quality. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.