利用上海台阵对常熟2001年2002年震群的精定位

2001年6月上海台阵正式运行,上海台阵的建立提高了上海及周边地区的地震监测能力.本文着重在定位方法和震相判读上,充分利用上海台阵整体观测系统的优势和台阵独特的数据处理方法,对常熟2001年和2002年二次小地震序列进行了精确定位.对精确定位的结果进行了对比与分析,并以此为基础,对常熟地区及周边的地质构造等进行了解释与推断.     

地下RC结构物地震响应特征土工离心试验的模拟

地下结构物抗震稳定性的研究具有重要实际意义。基于动态土工离心试验,应用有效应力法分析了不同水平地震作用下土层和地下RC结构物的最大水平位移、不同埋深的土层加速度和超孔隙水压力变化规律,以及结构物的破坏发展特征,并进一步与试验结果进行了相互验证和对比,取得了较好效果,为重要地下结构物的抗震设计提供了依据和参考。     

某水电站地下厂房岩体质量分级研究

根据某水电站地下厂房各勘探平硐现场统计的基础数据,采用RMR分类、Q系统法、水电系统分类法(HC法)、BQ法对地下厂区围岩岩体质量进行了分析评价,然后综合4种方法的评价结果,得到了各硐段的综合岩体质量类别,使这4种分类法相互补充、相互验证,达到综合确定围岩类别的目的,以此作为围岩稳定性分类的基础.此外,还对不同方法所得的评价结果进行了相关性分析.     

双偏振相控阵雷达与业务雷达的定量对比及观测精度研究

相控阵天气雷达突破了全机械驱动天线天气雷达的时空分辨率瓶颈,能够提供更加快速、精细的观测资料.但阵列天线存在性能参数随扫描角偏离法向而恶化的情况,使相控阵雷达定量测量存在困难.本文针对中国华南地区最新布网的双偏振相控阵天气雷达,通过与当地S波段业务雷达在相同区域内的定量对比,评估了反射率因子差分反射率因子的误差量级及其...     

Impact of an inter‐basin water transfer and reservoir operation on a karst open streamflow hydrological regime: an example from the Dinaric karst (Croatia)

This paper describes the hydrological changes caused by inter‐basin water transfer and the reservoir development on the hydrological regimes of two rivers. The Sabljaki Reservoir in the Zagorska Mre?nica River and the Bukovik Reservoir in the upper Dobra River began operation in 1959. Both are part of the hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) Gojak, whose installed capacity is 50 m³/s. Their water volumes at the spillway altitudes of 320·10 and 320·15 m a. s. l. are 3·3 × 10⁶ and 0·24 × 10⁶ m³ respectively. Both the Dobra and Mre?nica Rivers are losing, sinking and underground karst rivers. A 9376‐m‐long tunnel provides water from the Sabljaki Reservoir to the HEPP Gojak, which was constructed in the Lower Dobra River. The Sabljaki Reservoir is located in the Pla?ki karst polje, while the Bukovik Reservoir is located in the neighbouring Ogulin karst polje. The consequences of the inter‐basin water transfer are strong and have caused abrupt changes in the hydrological regimes of the downstream sections of both rivers. At the same time, the construction and development of both the reservoirs have also caused hydrological changes to the upstream section of the Upper Dobra River. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

深层地震资料采集的若干问题

本文着重叙述检波器组合效应、最大炮检距的选择、深反射层的共反射点离散效应等项技术和问题。另外讨论了比较理想的深层资料采集方法。     

In situ yield behaviour of a coal pillar

Summary An indication of the complete stress-strain behaviour of coal was obtained through instrumenting a headgate yield pillar and monitoring the changes in vertical and horizontal pillar stress, pillar strain, and roof-floor convergence as a function of time and distance from the moving longwall face. A semiautomated monitoring program was conducted over a 5 month period as the longwall face advanced toward and eventually passed the instrumented pillar. The development of a confined core and yield zone within the pillar was confirmed by the vertical and horizontal stress changes. Thein situ pre-failure (208 to 661 MPa) and post-failure moduli (55 to 208 MPa) of the coal were determined from the change in pillar stress versus pillar strain. Thein situ moduli are an order of magnitude lower than the 3450 MPa, commonly assumed for coal.     

Induced gravity anomalies and seismic energy as a basis for prediction of mining tremors

The results of prediction of occurrence of mining tremors and bursts in the course of the exploitation of the remaining part of the hard coal in seam 510 of the mine Pstrowski, Upper Silesia, have been presented in the paper. The exploitation has taken place under extremely difficult conditions hazardous for the mining crew.To predict the occurrence of mining tremors, bursts and direction of migration of increased elastic strain in the rock mass, the microgravity method has been applied.The microgravity observations were carried out in the measurement points located at mutual distances equal 20 m in three profiles of the lengths 700 m, 760 m and 260 m respectively. The profiles were located in mining workings in the vicinity of the exploited part of the bed. In the course of exploitation, lasting 25 months, 29 series of measurements including 3600 individual microgravity observations were carried out. Microgravity observations were made with a Worden-Master gravimeter.The observed time changes of gravity microanomalies were essential for prediction. Local negative changes of gravity microanomalies signalled the approaching mining tremor. The tremor would cover an area of the radius 60 m to 100 m. The regional time changes of the gravity microanomalies appearing as linear trends of these anomalies signalled the development of the fields of elastic strain in the whole investigated area and the approaching violent release of elastic strain energy from the rock mass.The values of the amplitudes AMP of the above-mentioned trend were the measure of this hazard. In the course of the investigations each shock was preceded by considerably increased values of AMP.     

A simplified computational approach for prediction of transient climatic conditions in underground mine airways

Summary A simplified approach for prediction of transient climatic conditions in an underground airway os presented. The dry surface temperature of the airway is calculated using a finite difference scheme, whereas the wet surface temperature is determined following the concept of pseudo-base-temperature of air and using the value of thermal gradient at the dry surface as obtained from the finite difference solution of the temperature profile in the dry rock. The air-current temperatures are regularly evaluated after a suitable time span so as to simulate a real-case situation, and the re-evaluated air-current temperatures are used for further calculations. For increasing age of the airway the wet surface temperature obtained by the finite difference scheme, with an appropriate value of thermal diffusivity, is compared with its value determined by the pseudo-base-temperature approach.