离子液体[Emim]PF6-邻二氮菲超声萃取铁尾矿中的铁

铁尾矿不仅造成资源的浪费,同时也给环境带来严重的污染.针对铁尾矿具有组分复杂且铁含量较低的特点,本文采用离子液体[Emim] PF6-邻二氮菲超声萃取分离体系,对铁尾矿样品中的铁进行萃取.为提高铁尾矿中铁的萃取率,考察了离子液体用量、温度、pH值等萃取条件对萃取率的影响.结果表明,在萃取体系中加入0.8 mL邻二氮菲、1.0 mL离子液,控制温度80℃、pH值为7.3、萃取时间为30 min时,铁矿泥中微量铁的萃取率可达92.74％,而且共存离子K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+不影响水相中铁的测定.对使用后的离子液体进行反萃取研究发现,当反萃取时的pH＞11时,回收的离子液体稳定性降低;而低温加热对使用后的离子液体反萃取影响较小,使用后的离子液体经NaOH处理回收,其红外谱图与使用前基本一致,表明回收的离子液体可重复使用.与传统的液液萃取方法相比,本萃取方法具有离子液体用量少、萃取率高、易回收等特点,可用于铁尾矿中金属铁的回收利用.     

井中声波方法研究的回顾与展望

回顾了井中声波方法二十五年的成长历程和重要成果。展望了井中声波法在金属矿、油气勘探和开发领域的广阔应用前景。提出了未来井中声波方法发展方向的建议。     

岩石声速与其损伤及声发射关系研究

首先,建立了单轴压缩过程岩石损伤参量、应变与声速之间的定量关系式,分析了不同均质度对单轴压缩过程岩石声速的影响,结果表明,随着均匀度的增加,单轴压缩过程中声速由平缓变化到急剧变化,这与已有的岩石声发射数值模拟分析结果是一致的;其次,根据建立的声速与应变的关系公式,通过单轴压缩过程岩石声速与应变实测结果的回归分析,得到了具有较高精度的回归方程,从而通过试验验证了所建立的关系式的正确性;最后,从损伤的角度讨论了单轴压缩过程岩石声速与声发射的关系,得出了Kaiser点应位于声速初始下降点附近的结论,为岩石声发射测量地应力试验中Kaiser点的确定提供了新的方法。     

油气储层表征与随机建模的发展历程及展望

使用MEMS传感器及其配套技术,近源监测花岗岩样品的受压破裂过程。在岩样完全破裂前近360s的受压过程中,观测到四次微破裂相对集中发生。对岩样不同部位所记录到的微破裂产生的加速度及幅频特性进行了详细讨论。压机油泵产生的噪声在岩样内部的传递,可以很好地表征岩样内部物理状态的变化。预示MEMS技术在震源过程监测和微地震成像以及噪声成像领域有广阔的应用前景。     

Seismic Reflection Characteristics of Naturally-Induced Subsidence Affecting Transportation

High-resolution seismic reflections have been used effectively to investigate sinkholes formed from the dissolution of a bedded salt unit found throughout most of Central Kansas. Surface subsidence can have devastating effects on transportation structures. Roads, rails, bridges, and pipeliues can even be dramatically affected by minor ground instability. Areas susceptible to surface subsidence can put public safety at risk. Subsurface expressions significantly larger than surface depressions are consistently observed on seismic images recorded over sinkholes in Kansas. Until subsidence reaches the ground surface, failure appears to be controlled by compressional forces evidenced by faults with reverse orientation. Once a surface depression forms or dissolution of the salt slows or stops, subsidence structures are consistent with a tensional stress environment with prevalent normal faults. Detecting areas of rapid subsidence potential, prior to surface failure, is the ultimate goal of any geotechnical survey where the ground surface is susceptible to settling. Seismic reflection images have helped correlate active subsidence to dormant paleofeatures, project horizontal growth of active sinkholes based on subsurface structures, and appraise the risk of catastrophic failure.     

分水岭算法在电成像测井图砾石识别中的最优参数研究

基于电成像测井,将分水岭算法应用到电成像测井图砾石的识别中,分水岭算法在砾石识别应用中的参数选取直接影响到识别效果。针对分水岭算法识别砾石的各个步骤,选取不同的优化参数进行处理,对处理效果进行对比分析,最终确定分水岭算法识别砾石的最优参数,并对吉林王府断陷AA井、BB井和CC井三口井进行实际处理,得到很好的效果。     

溜井全景扫描成像装置及其井壁检测试验

为研究矿石溜放对溜井井壁围岩的磨损破坏规律,保证溜井安全连续稳定生产,需要对溜井井壁进行检测。为实现溜井直径大、有浮石、粉尘多、湿度高和无光源等特殊条件下的井壁安全检测,研制了垂直溜井全景扫描成像装置。该装置采用4台高分辨率工业摄像机目标跟踪技术、4个高照度LED冷光灯照明技术、千兆网数据传输技术、旋转编码器井深定位技术等,实现对井壁全断面、无缝式扫描;通过组合式电缆与自锁绞盘提升系统实现装置提升;通过图像筛选与拼接处理,得到溜井井壁全景图。将该装置应用于矿山溜井进行井壁检测试验,采集到的井壁图像清晰直观,为溜井井壁磨损破坏规律研究、制定和实施溜井检修方案提供了直接依据。试验结果表明,该装置能适用于复杂条件垂直溜井的井壁检测。     

改性混凝土声学参数与应力相关性试验研究

对掺入不同聚合物乳液的7组21个混凝土试件进行不同荷载条件下的超声波测试,研究了聚合物乳液对混凝土声速和加权谱面积等声学参数与应力相关性的影响。研究表明：纯丙乳液和苯丙乳液能提高混凝土声-应力的敏感性,有机硅砂浆防水剂和聚醋酸乙烯乳液对混凝土声-应力敏感性有弱化作用,丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液对混凝土声-应力敏感性影响不大。     

EH-4电磁成像系统在隐伏构造探测中的应用

EH-4电磁成像系统具有勘探深度大、反映成果直观、轻便高效等优点.本文介绍了EH-4电磁成像系统的基本原理、数据采集和数据处理方法,及其在云南西部探测构造深部延伸情况的应用.实践证明,EH-4技术在探测构造深部延伸的应用方面是有效的.     

Images of concentrations of dissolved sulphide in the sediment of a lake and implications for internal sulphur cycling

The high-resolution mapping of dissolved sulphide in modern sediment of a permanently stratified (meromictic) lake is possible using a novel sulphide imaging technique (called a 'sulphur print'). The technique is simple, easy to use and can map a relatively large area (up to several dm²). In situ sulphur prints from anoxic fine-grained sediments are able to reveal internal structures in apparently homogeneous materials. Sulphur prints have been used to examine the formation and distribution of dissolved sulphide in the sediment and water column of the meromictic Lake Cadagno (southern Switzerland). The prints show clearly that a previously unknown laminar convective flow of sulphide-free porewater occurs across the sediment–water interface. Such convective flow out of the sediment must be accompanied by convective flow of sulphide- and sulphate-rich lake water into the sediment, and may be an important mechanism for the accumulation of sulphur in the sediment.