过氧化钠超强熔矿能力的新认识

过氧化钠熔融能快速分解许多热稳定性高,化学稳定性好,十分难溶（熔）的矿物、金属、合金、碳化物、氮化物和炉渣等。经长期大量熔矿、测试实验研究认为：过氧化钠超强熔矿能力归因于它在520℃～640℃熔融时,释放出原子氧,将物料中许多元素迅速氧化至最高价态;这些高价离子立即与氧形成络合物;过氧化钠熔融物的强碱性,有利于这些高价离子可熔性络合物的形成和稳定,致使物料的晶体构造、结构彻底破坏,而被完全分解。     

钻孔灌注桩桩侧泥皮分布对桩承载性状影响研究

泥皮的存在会使灌注桩承载力降低,由于受施工工艺、方法以及现场条件影响,泥皮并不全部分布于整个桩壁四周,而是存在于部分区域。用折减桩土接触面参数的方法来模拟泥皮作用,对不同高度分布的泥皮进行数值方法模拟,分析不同泥皮分布高度对灌注桩的承载性状影响。计算结果表明,泥皮分布高度越高,荷载-沉降曲线越陡,拐点位置不断前移,当泥皮性状比α=0.8时,极限承载力损失约在5%~25%,当α=0.6时,极限承载力损失约在5%~50%。泥皮分布高度对桩侧摩阻力的影响与上部荷载作用下泥皮性质能够提供的极限摩阻力有关;有泥皮存在的部位,桩身轴力传递速率明显加快,泥皮分布高度越高,桩身轴力传递速率越快,且越向下部,泥皮分布高度对轴力的影响越大;泥皮分布越高,桩侧摩阻力就越容易达到极限摩阻力,导致泥皮分布越高,桩端阻力越大。     

桩自平衡测试技术

简述了桩自平衡测试法的原理、荷载转化方法,探讨了上段桩、下段桩、单桩极限承载力确定存在的问题。对青岛市某工程的桩自平衡测试结果表明,桩自平衡测试技术具有具有试验装置简单、投资较低、缩短测试时间、测试结果可靠等优点,广泛应用于钻孔灌注桩,人工挖孔桩、沉管灌注桩,是一种很有发展前景的桩基测试技术。     

加筋土边坡稳定性分析的水平条分法

加筋土是一种新型的经济可靠的边坡加固方式。针对新型加筋土边坡带来的问题和基于垂直条块划分的极限平衡方法的不足,提出了一种严格满足力与力矩的平衡的极限平衡分析方法。基于水平条块的严格条分法将滑体水平的划分成若干条块,边坡中的加筋材料产生的抗力作为附加外力作用于条块上,再应用极限平衡的思想和假设对典型条块的受力状态进行分析。根据极限平衡条件推导了边坡安全系数的隐式表达式,再通过力矩的平衡,求解条间力待定系数,进而叠代求解安全系数。说明了利用本文公式计算坡顶极限承载力的方法。该方法计算结果较经典极限平衡法结果稍大。     

岩土工程实践若干问题探讨

在岩土工程实践中,经常遇见一些似是而非的问题,例如工程特性指标的匹配问题、软弱夹层的验算问题以及复合模量的计算问题。这些问题往往由于概念理解或理解的角度不同得出差异很大的结论,有时甚至是错误的结论。通过实践中遇见的几个岩土工程问题做一些探讨,希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

大直径桩桩身压缩量和侧摩阻力综合分析

为了分析桩身压缩量和侧摩阻力对大直径桩承载力的影响,通过桩基现场静载试验,获得各级荷载作用下各土层交接面处的桩身应力应变值,计算出不同土层间每1m桩身段的压缩量和侧摩阻力值。实验结果表明：各土层间桩侧摩阻力实测最大值与勘察报告值之比差别较大,其中上部土层问的摩阻力比值较小,下部比值较大。上部土层桩侧摩阻力在各级荷载作用下变化不大,而下部土层桩侧摩阻力随荷载逐级递增。由于压缩量是反映材料受力变形的物理量,虽然下部土层的摩阻力实测值与报告值比值较大,但其桩身压缩量较小,因而可以判断侧摩阻力发挥程度并估算其极限值。大直径桩的承载力主要是由侧摩阻力来提供的,因此可以通过桩身压缩量和侧摩阻力的综合分析为石家庄乃至河北地区的大直径桩承载力确定提供有价值的参考。     

关于水泥土搅拌桩复合地基载荷试验的探讨

通过试验结果的对比,讨论了地基土含水量变化对水泥土搅拌桩复合地基承载力的影响,建议采用＂10 mm厚的水泥砂浆对整个试验场地进行封闭保护＂来减低其影响。通过2个典型试验场地试验结果的对比分析,讨论了按现行规范规定确定复合地基承载力特征值可能存在的问题;建议进行破坏性试验,先定极限荷载,然后再根据＂先评价复合地基均匀性、再根据安全系数确定承载力＂的原则确定复合地基的承载力。     

上海市区承压含水层结构类型分区

上海地区与工程建设密切相关的承压水主要赋存于微承压、第一、第二承压含水层中。本文在上海市区关键土层地质编图的基础上,针对与工程建设密切相关的承压含水层的分布特征,进行承压含水层的结构类型分区,为工程降水设计提供参考。     

Intellectual property rights and low carbon technology transfer: Conflicting discourses of diffusion and development

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) and the transfer of low carbon technologies to developing countries have been the focus of sustained disagreement between many developed and developing country Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). We argue that this disagreement stems from two conflicting political discourses of economic development and low carbon technology diffusion which tend to underpin developing and developed countries’ respective motivations for becoming party to the Convention. We illustrate the policy implications of these discourses by examining empirical evidence on IPRs and low carbon technology transfer and highlight how the two discourses are based on an incomplete understanding of the role of technological capacity in either economic development or technology diffusion. This has important implication for the success of post-2012 international climate agreements.     

‘Strange changes’: Indigenous perspectives of climate change and adaptation in NE Arnhem Land (Australia)

Despite growing global attention to the development of strategies and policy for climate change adaptation, there has been little allowance for input from Indigenous people. In this study we aimed to improve understanding of factors important in integration of Yolngu perspectives in planning adaptation policy in North East Arnhem Land (Australia). We conducted workshops and in-depth interviews in two ‘communities’ to develop insight into Yolngu peoples’ observations and perspectives on climate change, and their ideas and preferences for adaptation. All participants reported observing changes in their ecological landscape, which they attributed to mining, tourism ‘development’, and climate change. ‘Strange changes’ noticed particularly in the last five years, had caused concern and anxiety among many participants. Despite their concern about ecological changes, participants were primarily worried about other issues affecting their community's general welfare. The results suggest that strategies and policies are needed to strengthen adaptive capacity of communities to mitigate over-arching poverty and well-being issues, as well as respond to changes in climate. Participants believed that major constraints to strengthening adaptive capacity had external origins, at regional, state and federal levels. Examples are poor communication and engagement, top-down institutional processes that allow little Indigenous voice, and lack of recognition of Indigenous culture and practices. Participants’ preferences for strategies to strengthen community adaptive capacity tended to be those that lead towards greater self-sufficiency, independence, empowerment, resilience and close contact with the natural environment. Based on the results, we developed a simple model to highlight main determinants of community vulnerability. A second model highlights components important in facilitating discourse on enhancing community capacity to adapt to climatic and other stressors.