全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4321篇 |
免费 | 875篇 |
国内免费 | 1014篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 538篇 |
大气科学 | 336篇 |
地球物理 | 1401篇 |
地质学 | 2443篇 |
海洋学 | 521篇 |
天文学 | 339篇 |
综合类 | 238篇 |
自然地理 | 394篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 13篇 |
2023年 | 52篇 |
2022年 | 105篇 |
2021年 | 124篇 |
2020年 | 151篇 |
2019年 | 202篇 |
2018年 | 140篇 |
2017年 | 196篇 |
2016年 | 214篇 |
2015年 | 225篇 |
2014年 | 221篇 |
2013年 | 276篇 |
2012年 | 305篇 |
2011年 | 250篇 |
2010年 | 261篇 |
2009年 | 310篇 |
2008年 | 299篇 |
2007年 | 328篇 |
2006年 | 336篇 |
2005年 | 282篇 |
2004年 | 258篇 |
2003年 | 193篇 |
2002年 | 210篇 |
2001年 | 152篇 |
2000年 | 171篇 |
1999年 | 180篇 |
1998年 | 113篇 |
1997年 | 112篇 |
1996年 | 96篇 |
1995年 | 92篇 |
1994年 | 68篇 |
1993年 | 67篇 |
1992年 | 42篇 |
1991年 | 34篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有6210条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
本文根据1960~1994年千里岩和青岛月平均气温资料,分析了千里岩与青岛35年来气温的年、季变化特征及差别,发现35年来,千里岩和青岛的年、季平均气温均呈变暖趋势,但千里岩增温幅度较青岛小。从分析中发现,与气温变暖趋势相对应,西北太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)面积、强度指数的年、季变化也呈明显的增强、增大趋势。且年平均气温与冬季副高面积指数相关最显著。最后依此关系建立回归方程,并预测了1996年千里岩年平均气温的变化趋势。 相似文献
32.
珠江口河流输沙、河口沉积与粒度信息之间的联系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
河口三角洲地区泥沙供应充分,是现代沉积速率较高的区域。快速沉积的泥沙包含高分辨率的环境信息。采用放射性同位素测年方法研究了珠江口伶仃洋大铲湾海域6个柱样的现代沉积速率,以2mm的间隔分析了其中2个柱样上部的粒度,并对其平均粒径和珠江流域的年输沙量进行了快速傅里叶变换,以期获取河流泥沙供应、河口沉积速率和沉积物垂向粒度变化的对应关系。结果表明,大铲湾海域的沉积速率为1~3cm/a,受动力条件和泥沙供应条件的影响显著。2个柱样的平均粒径的最显著重现周期与珠江年输沙量的周期性有较好的对应关系,并可能反映了季节的、年的和多年的沉积速率信息。对于每年沉积厚度在厘米级的环境,以毫米级的高分辨率进行粒度分析,有可能揭示出沉积物供应的季节变化和年际变化。本研究亦可为其他河口的相关工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
33.
Sylvie Labroue Philippe Gaspar Joel Dorandeu Oz Zanif F. Mertz Patrick Vincent Denis Choquet 《Marine Geodesy》2004,27(3):453-481
The Jason-1 sea state bias (SSB) is analyzed in depth from the first year of GDR products. Compared to previous missions, this work benefits from two aspects of the empirical determination of the SSB from the altimetric data themselves. First, from a methodological point of view, a nonparametric technique (NP) has been developed and largely tested on TOPEX/Poseidon 1, GFO and Envisat data. The NP estimator has proven to be a useful tool in the SSB estimation, and it is now mature enough to be used for a refined analysis. On the other hand, the SSB can be extracted from three different data sets (crossovers, collinear data, and residuals) with different characteristics. It is then possible to cross calibrate various estimations of the SSB models and to determine the most accurate one. A systematic comparison is made between these different estimates for the Jason-1 altimeter. The collinear and crossover data sets yield very similar estimates despite their difference of spatial and temporal distributions. These SSB models assure consistency with the TOPEX mission when comparing Jason-1 and TOPEX residuals during the tandem phase. Thanks to the present work, the impact of the short wavelengths filtering on the SSB estimation is evidenced. More generally, our understanding of potential errors affecting the sea surface height and their impact onto the SSB estimation is also improved. 相似文献
34.
State Estimation of the North Pacific Ocean by a Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Experiment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Toshiyuki Awaji Shuhei Masuda Yoichi Ishikawa Nozomi Sugiura Takahiro Toyoda Tomohiro Nakamura 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(6):931-943
A four-dimensional variational data assimilation system has been applied to an experiment to describe the dynamic state of
the North Pacific Ocean. A synthesis of available observational records and a sophisticated ocean general circulation model
produces a dynamically consistent dataset, which, in contrast to the nudging approach, provides realistic features of the
seasonally-varying ocean circulation with no artificial sources/sinks for temperature and salinity fields. This new dataset
enables us to estimate heat and water mass transports in addition to the qualification of water mass formation and movement
processes. A sensitivity experiment on our assimilation system reveals that the origin of the North Pacific Intermediate Water
can be traced back to the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea in the subarctic region and to the subtropical Kuroshio region
further south. These results demonstrate that our data assimilation system is a very powerful tool for the identification
and characterization of ocean variabilities and for our understanding of the dynamic state of ocean circulation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
35.
Seasonal succession of cyanoprokaryotes in a hypereutrophic oligo-mesohaline lagoon from the South of France 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nicolas Chomrat Robert Garnier Cline Bertrand Arlette Cazaubon 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,72(4):591-602
The Bolmon lagoon (South of France) is an oligo-mesohaline coastal lagoon that has undergone intense eutrophication in the past decades, resulting from a strong concentration of human activities in its drainage basin. Consequently, it exhibits some characteristics typical of an advanced trophic state; namely, the disappearance of submerged vegetation, the permanently intense phytoplankton growth and the recurrence of cyanoprokaryote blooms. As cyanoprokaryote dominance in south-temperate saline lagoons is little reported, we carried out this study in order to understand the seasonal variations in the phytoplankton composition and biomass, and to analyse the influence of environmental parameters such as salinity, nutrients and climate on the seasonal succession of species. In this lagoon, the phytoplankton was permanently dominated by cyanoprokaryotes, probably because of high availability of nutrients, low light penetration in the water column and frequent turbulent mixing induced by wind. The two most abundant species Planktothrix agardhii (in winter–spring) and Pseudanabaena limnetica (in summer) have low light requirements and are well adapted to a high mixing frequency, which defines the S1 functional group in Reynolds' typology for phytoplankton. Although widely studied in north-temperate lakes, blooms of these typically freshwater species are almost unreported in the Mediterranean area, especially in brackish ecosystems that are not their normal habitat. In the Bolmon lagoon, all their requirements for nutrients, light and mixing are satisfied and they seem to cope with a moderate presence of salt but P. agardhii was less competitive than P. limnetica at highest salinities, the latter being probably more halophytic. Contrary to the observations in lakes located at higher latitudes, the Mediterranean climate seems to induce a typical seasonal pattern of succession characterised by the dominance of P. agardhii (winter) – Chroococcales (spring) – Pseudanabaenaceae (summer) – P. agardhii (autumn, winter). The warm temperatures seemed to have a major influence on the phytoplankton succession, being responsible for the survival of Planktothrix during winter and its rapid and intense development in early spring. Intense mixing and high irradiance in summer promoted the development of Pseudanabaenaceae, as reported in another south-temperate lagoon, the Albufera of Valencia (Spain). The ecological success of Oscillatoriales observed in the Bolmon lagoon is a perfect example of a shift to the “turbid stable state” as proposed for freshwater shallow lakes only. Our work demonstrated that hypereutrophic Mediterranean lagoons can function very similarly to shallow lakes at higher latitudes; but the warmer climate and higher irradiances are probably responsible for differences in the seasonal pattern of species dominance. 相似文献
36.
土工布充砂袋的应用及其研究进展 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
对土工布充砂袋技术和国内外的应用进行了介绍。鉴于土工布充砂袋属于一种新兴起的土工新材料和新技术,在设计和工程实际中还存在着许多急待解决的问题,着重对各种典型状态和典型环境下的土工布充砂袋的变形、应力和土工布充砂袋堆的稳定性研究进展进行综述,最后提出进一步研究的思路。 相似文献
37.
38.
Marcelo F. L. Souza Bjrn Kjerfve Bastiaan Knoppers Weber F. Landim de Souza Raimundo N. Damasceno 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,57(5-6):843-858
Lagoa de Araruama in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is a hypersaline lagoon with salinity varying spatially from 45 to 56. We collected water samples during monthly cruises throughout the lagoon, and along the streams feeding the system, from April 1991 to March 1992. Nutrients and other water quality parameters exhibited great spatial and temporal variations. Mass balance calculations indicate large amounts of anthropogenic nutrient inputs. The data indicate that the lagoon currently is oligotrophic but is in a state of transition to become a mesotrophic system. Molar dissolved inorganic nitrogen:dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIN/DIP) varied between 2.2:1 and 659:1 with a volume-weighted average of 22:1. The high DIN/DIP ratio contrasts with that found in nearby lagoons, suggesting that phytoplankton primary production is limited by phosphorus in Lagoa de Araruama. The major loss of DIP is apparently driven by biological assimilation and diagenic reactions in the sediments. Calculations indicate that the lagoon is slightly net autotrophic at +0.9 mol C m−2 yr−1. This suggests that the biomass of the primary producers is restricted by phosphorus availability. Phosphorus retention in the sediment and the hypersaline state of the lagoon prevent changes in autotrophic communities and the formation of eutrophic conditions. 相似文献
39.
The analytical method (AM) for separation of composite waves is presented based on the Hilbert transform. It is ap-plicable to both regular and irregular trains of waves. The wave data series measured with two wave gauges in the experi-ments are separated into two series of incident and reflected waves. Then, the reflection coefficient can be easily ob-tained. The arrival of reflected waves can also be detected for improveraent of the accuracy of the reflection coefficient. The reflection performance of the physical model can be estimated exactly without calculation of wave height and phase difference. Numerical samples developed to test the method are proved to be accurate. Physical experiments are conduct-ed and compared with Goda s method and satisfactory results are obtained. 相似文献
40.
本文在1989年对宁波市水资源进行调查的基础上,进一步分析了东南港湾地区水资源的特点及利用现状,并由此而提出了解决水源的对策。 相似文献