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31.
32.
Neetu Agnihotri P. Chittibabu Indu Jain P. C. Sinha A. D. Rao S. K. Dube 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(1):83-101
The paper describes a two-dimensional bay–river coupled numerical model for storm surges along the Andhra coast of India.
The effect of the Krishna and Godavari rivers on the surge development is analysed. A comparative study of the surge generated
by a tropical cyclone with and without the inclusion of rivers is done in detail. Three cyclones that struck the Andhra coast
in November 1977, May 1990 and November 1996 were used for the simulation studies. It is found that the idealized model without
a river overestimates the sea-level elevation as compared to a more realistic bay–river coupled model. The temporal variation
of surge values at the mouth of the rivers is also studied for all three cyclone cases. It is found that the effect of the
presence of rivers depends on the strength of the cyclone, its point of landfall and the location of the rivers with respect
to the landfall point. 相似文献
33.
Driving forces of tropical deforestation: The role of remote sensing and spatial models 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rinku Roy Chowdhury 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2006,27(1):82-101
Remote sensing technologies are increasingly used to monitor landscape change in many parts of the world. While the availability of extensive and timely imagery from various satellite sensors can aid in identifying the rates and patterns of deforestation, modelling techniques can evaluate the socioeconomic and biophysical forces driving deforestation processes. This paper briefly reviews some emerging spatial methodologies aimed at identifying driving forces of land use change and applies one such methodology to understand deforestation in Mexico. Satellite image classification, change analysis and econometric modelling are used to identify the rates, hotspots and drivers of deforestation in a case study of the southern Yucatán peninsular region, an enumerated global hotspot of biodiversity and tropical deforestation. In particular, the relative roles of biophysical and socioeconomic factors in driving regional deforestation rates are evaluated. Such methodological approaches can be applied to other regions of the forested tropics and contribute insights to conservation planning and policy. 相似文献
34.
Jacques De Medina Laura M. G. Motta João D. G. Dos Santos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(4):949-971
This paper summarizes the resilient and permanent deformation characteristics of laterite gravels, determined by cyclic loading in triaxial tests of compacted specimens. A study of laterite pavements was carried out on eight paved road sections in the state of Mato Grosso. Also reported is the influence of fine sand admixture, specimen size and soaking in two laterite samples from Roraima and Rondônia in the North of Brazil. The experimental relationships of resilient moduli against applied stresses are interpreted empirically for models what may be incorporated in a structural analysis of full depth of laterite pavement. 相似文献
35.
2004年全球重大气候事件概述 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
2004年全球气候持续偏暖。年初,暴雪席卷欧洲多国,美国受到罕见大雪袭击,南亚和墨西哥遭遇低温严寒。北半球夏秋季,西太平洋、大西洋热带风暴活动频繁。日本、菲律宾和美国受灾严重。年内,非洲、亚洲部分国家发生严重干旱;同时,南亚、南美洲及非洲多国暴雨致洪。年内,欧洲伊比利亚半岛、日本和澳大利亚遭遇高温热浪。 相似文献
36.
2001年全球重大气候事件概述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
全球气候仍持续偏暖。亚洲大部出现异常冷冬,许多地区遇到数十年未见的风雪严寒;美国冬季也连续遭受暴风雪袭击。东亚、南亚、中亚有西亚发生了大范围的持久干旱,南亚、东南亚夏季暴雨频繁,造成严重洪涝灾害。欧洲、非洲及南美洲的许多国家和地区降水异常偏多,导致不同程度的洪水,俄罗斯西伯利亚地区发生百年不遇的大洪水。北大西洋飓风较常年显著偏多,西北太平洋台风也给沿海地区带来严重灾害。 相似文献
37.
利用由美国NOAA系列卫星观测的OLR资料研究了影响华东地区热带气旋年频数(记为ATC)与热带对流场的关系,结果表明两者存在密切的联系:(1)当华东地区热带气旋年频数ATC为异常偏多(少)时,ITCZ位置累积距平为正(负)值,即ITCZ位置异常偏北(南);(2)利用OLR设计了Walker综合指数WI,该指数的强弱可以反映ATC的异常情况,即当ATC为异常偏多(少)时,walker环流圈异常强(弱);(3)OLR距平累积量场能较好的表征ATC异常年份所对应的低纬度及中高纬地区大气环流的配置,其可以作为预测影响华东地区热带气旋年频数的强信号。 相似文献
38.
39.
Bryan G. Mark Geoffrey O. Seltzer Donald T. Rodbell Adam Y. Goodman 《Quaternary Research》2002,57(3):287
Moraine chronology is combined with digital topography to model deglacial rates of paleoglacier volumes in both the Huancané Valley on the west side of the Quelccaya Ice Cap and the Upismayo Valley on the northwest side of the Cordillera Vilcanota. The fastest rates of deglaciation (39×10−5 to 114×10−5 km3 yr−1 and 112×10−5 to 247×10−5 km3 yr−1 for each valley, respectively) were calculated for the most recent paleoglaciers, corresponding to the last few centuries. These results are consistent with observations in the Venezuelan Andes showing high rates of deglaciation since the Little Ice Age. These rates also fall within the range of 20th century rates of deglaciation measured on the Quelccaya Ice Cap (29×10−5 to 220×10−5 km3 yr−1, Brecher and Thompson, 1993; Thompson, 2000). These results imply that rates of deglaciation may fluctuate significantly over time and that high rates of deglaciation may not be exclusive to the late 20th century. Equilibrium line altitude (ELA) depressions for the ice volumes of the last glaciation modeled here were computed as 230 m for the Quelccaya Ice Cap and 170 m for the Cordillera Vilcanota. Maximum ELA depressions are lower than previously published: <500 m for the Cordillera Vilcanota and <400 m for the Quelccaya Ice Cap. These lower values could imply a topographic control over paleoglacier extent. 相似文献
40.
According to statistic analysis on sea surface temperature(SST)anomaly features in theNorth Pacific in winters and springs prior to the summer flood/drought in the middle and lowerreaches of the Yangtze River(hereafter referred to as MLRY),a strong signal SST key area thataffects local flood/drought is put forward,that is the equatorial eastern Pacific.The response ofgeneral circulation in the Northern Hemisphere to SST anomaly in the key area is furtherinvestigated. The low frequency wave train structure of correlation between the eastern PacificSST and the height at 500 hPa in the Northern Hemisphere is also studied,which reflects thedynamic features of teleresponse of local flood/drought at extratropics to tropical SST anomaly.Through introducing SST anomaly in the strong signal area in numerical experiments,the flood inYangtze River Valley is successfully simulated and the similar wave train pattern in the flow field isobtained too.Altogether,the physical picture and dynamic mode of the flood in the Yangtze RiverValley are described in this work. 相似文献