热液流体中的离子扩散作用:Ⅰ.示踪扩散系数的理论计算

本文在对已有示踪扩散系数和极限当量电导实验测定数据进行分析的基础上，运用热力学理论建立了离子示踪扩散系数（D0i，T）与标准偏摩尔摘（SOi,25）和温度的函数关系式：应用该方程可计算溶液中离子在任意温度下的示踪扩散系数。文中给出了各类离子的a'j、b'j、cj、dj和ai,j的值，并计算了70种组分在温度25～400℃范围内的示踪扩散系数。与实验数据的比较和分析表明，计算结果的均方差为3％以内。     

GIS中三维空间直线的误差熵模型

从信息熵的角度提出了三维空间直线的误差熵模型，该模型由以垂直直线的平面误差熵为半径的圆柱体和两端点的误差球组成，是一种完全确定的度量空间线元不确定性的模型。理论分析与实验表明，本文所提出的模型具有较好的效果。     

基于模糊综合评价法的海岛深层地下淡水开发潜力评价

研究并选取了与海岛深层地下淡水开发利用相关的自然、社会和施工3个方面12个影响因素,并采用模糊综合评价法构建了海岛深层地下淡水开发潜力评价模型。利用该模型对嵊泗泗礁山岛深层地下淡水开发利用潜力进行的评估,得出开发潜力巨大的结论。这一评价结果与其他学者研究结果一致,说明所建立的模型评估结果较为准确,可为海岛深层地下淡水开发潜力的评估提供一条较为客观、准确的途径。     

Entropy principles in the prediction of water quality values at discontinued monitoring stations

A new methodology for predicting water quality values at discontinued water quality monitoring stations is proposed. The method is based upon the Principle of Maximum Entropy (POME) and provides unbiased predictions of water quality levels at upstream tributaries and on the mainstem of a river given observed changes in the distribution of the same water quality parameter at a downstream location. Changes in the values of water quality parameters which are known a priori to have occurred upstream, but which are not sufficiently large to account for all the observed change in the same water quality parameter at the downstream location are able to be incorporated in the method through the introduction of a new term in the basic entropy expression. Application of the procedure to water quality monitoring on the Mackenzie River in Queensland, Australia indicates the method has considerable potential for prediction of water quality at discontinued stations. The method also has potential for identifying the location of causes of observed changes in water quality at a downstream station.     

On the measurement of directional wave spectra at the southern Brazilian coast

The detailed reconstruction of the directional spectrum of wind waves from measurements of the wave field is an essential requirement for several applications, including the numerical modeling of wave evolution. Three reconstruction techniques that provide estimates of the directional distribution function D(f,θ), given the one-dimensional frequency spectrum, are compared using data from a coastal locality at the southern Brazilian coast. The techniques are the maximum entropy method (MEM), the Fourier Expansion Method using a cos² type function (FEM_cos) and the Fourier Expansion Method using a sech type function (FEM_sech). The main patterns of the wave climate at the study site are qualitatively assessed. Three main sea states, including swell, transition between local sea and swell, and directionally bimodal wind sea, are identified. Time series from three events associated with the main sea states provide test cases for inter comparison of the three reconstruction techniques. Maximum entropy estimates of D(f,θ) provide results that are more consistent than those obtained from the two FEM techniques in all cases considered.     

铁路联络线CPⅢ测量技术与数据处理

联络线在绕行方式、单双线、轨道结构、设计速度、设计高度上都与正线区别较大,运营期的维护检测要求全线CPⅢ整体测设,联络线由于单线绕行导致CPⅢ布设没有可利用的杆柱构筑物,同时CPⅢ测量上由于地势高差导致通视困难。通过宁启、宁杭等多条铁路现场调查研究,数据对比分析,研究结论如下:一是丰富了利用既有杆、柱构筑物布设CPⅢ的类型;二是研发非强制对中CPⅢ标志;三是进行了衔接段的共点布网方法研究。其中非强制对中CPⅢ标志获得了国家专利4项,衔接段的共点布网方法减少埋设工作量和联测工作量,极大提高了工作效率,并提出了"加密CPⅡ采用CPⅢ共点、加密水准采用加密CPⅡ共点"等新颖理念,可为GNSS高程测量、高程异常研究提供基础数据。     

变性水团隶属函数的椭圆拟合法

应用模糊子集的概念描述浅海区变性水团。讨论了变性水团的隶属函数在θ—s图解上“落影”的形式。文中给出用椭圆拟合法建立隶属函数的实例。     

Vectorial fuzzy logic: A novel technique for enhanced mineral prospectivity mapping,with reference to the orogenic gold mineralisation potential of the Kalgoorlie Terrane,Western Australia

Modern exploration is a multidisciplinary task requiring the simultaneous consideration of multiple disparate geological, geochemical and geophysical datasets. Over the past decade, several research groups have investigated the role of Geographic Information Systems as a tool to analyse these data. From this research, a number of techniques has been developed that allow the extraction of exploration‐relevant spatial factors from the datasets. The spatial factors are ultimately condensed into a single prospectivity map. Most techniques used to construct prospectivity maps tend to agree, in general, as to which areas have the lowest and highest prospectivities, but disagree for regions of intermediate prospectivity. In such areas, the prospectivity map requires detailed interpretation, and the end‐user must normally resort to analysis of the original datasets to determine which conjunction of factors results in each intermediate prospectivity value. To reduce this burden, a new technique, based on fuzzy logic principles, has been developed for the integration of spatial data. Called vectorial fuzzy logic, it differs from existing methods in that it displays prospectivity as a continuous surface and allows a measure of confidence to be incorporated. With this technique, two maps are produced: one displays the calculated prospectivity and the other shows the similarity of input values (or confidence). The two datasets can be viewed simultaneously as a three‐dimensional perspective image in which colour represents prospectivity and topography represents confidence. With the vectorial fuzzy logic method, factors such as null data and incomplete knowledge can also be incorporated into the prospectivity analysis.     

方差齐性检验与模糊评价的遥感影像变化检测

针对高分辨率遥感影像地物空间结构复杂、光谱纹理信息丰富的特点,该文提出一种基于Levene检验及模糊评价的遥感影像变化检测方法。首先,对预处理后的两期影像叠置分割得到图斑对象,提取其光谱、纹理等特征;其次,利用改进的Levene检验法统计各图斑变化信息得到候选变化图斑,经IHS变换获取影像色调信息,结合纹理特征进行变化向量分析;最后,通过迭代的方式确定阈值并计算候选图斑的变化隶属度,确定最终变化区域。选取江苏省某地区ZY-3高分辨率遥感影像进行实验,结果表明:改进的Levene检验法很大程度地减少了后续的计算量,提高了变化检测精度,对于相对辐射差异较大的非变化图斑具有良好的容错性;采用色调-纹理特征及模糊评价法可以有效地降低漏检及虚检率,提高变化检测精度。     

基于模糊影响图的海洋结构风险分析方法研究

基于模糊影响图(FPID)和失效模式与效果分析(FMEA)建立了一种海洋结构风险分析方法。鉴于风险分析中某些事件发生概率和关系概率两个重要参数确定时需借助专家主观判断,本文将模糊概率的概念引入海洋结构影响图评估方法中。该方法成功地应用到海洋平台人员伤害分析中。虽然这里仅给出了该方法在海洋平台风险评估中的应用,但其具有更广泛应用价值。