城市片林与城市草坪细根生物量特征

细根在城市绿地地下碳过程中扮演着重要的角色．本研究采用土芯法和WinRHIZO根系分析软件对福建省福州市区内城市绿地的细根现存生物量进行研究。结果表明：1）城市片林的细根生物量在1．15～2．60t／hm^2之间,低于草坪的细根生物量（1．34～4．45t／hm^2）,总体上也低于多数亚热带天然森林的细根生物量．2）细...     

Impacts of the local land-use system in a semi-arid region of northeastern China on soil properties, crop growth, and weed communities

We examined changes in soil properties, crop biomass, and weed communities in the Horqin Sandy Land of China to elucidate cropland degradation. We studied three local cropland types having periods of cultivation of up to 20 years: maize cropland on lowlands without irrigation (nonirrigated lowland), maize cropland on flat sandy lands with irrigation (irrigated flatland), and bean-centered cropland on sand dunes without irrigation (nonirrigated dunes). Soil properties and crop biomass were more degraded in nonirrigated lowland and nonirrigated dunes than in irrigated flatland. Weed communities in the nonirrigated croplands were the type that become established in drier conditions, whereas wetland weeds were more abundant on irrigated flatland. Trends of change in each indicator did not always occur in parallel and differed statistically among the cropland types. Monitoring these indicators within the context of local land-use systems can provide scientific evidence on which to base local management practices or recommendations for change.     

Isolation and Characterization of Psychrophilic Algae in Boron Enriched Pond on Boron Deposit of Qinghai

正1 Introduction Cold environments on the planet occur in the Antarctic,the Arctic and high mountains which cover with ice and snow permanently.Microorganism adapted to cold habitats has been detected,but most of them were prokaryotes.(Morgan-Kiss et al,2006;jungbut et al,2012).Research on cold-adapted microorganism has     

辽西凌源地区中侏罗统邓杖子组沉积环境探讨

通过对辽西凌源地区牛营子盆地邓杖子组地层剖面测制,结合岩石组合、沉积构造及相序叠置关系等因素分析研究,认为邓杖子组沉积环境为冲积扇相.邓杖子组下部岩性为灰色厚层—巨厚层中—粗粒石灰岩质砾岩,沉积环境为扇根亚相,由筛积物沉积、泥石流沉积组成;中部主要为灰绿色薄层中细粒长石砂岩、细粒钙质砂岩,夹灰色石灰岩质砾岩、含砂质灰岩等,由扇中亚相和扇端亚相组成;上部岩性为灰色中厚层—厚层夹厚层—巨厚层石灰岩质砾岩,沉积环境可识别出扇中亚相和扇根亚相,二亚相均由河道沉积和漫流沉积组成.     

Modelling of unsaturated ground behaviour influenced by vegetation transpiration

Vegetation contributes to weak soil stabilisation through reinforcement of the soil, dissipation of excess pore pressure and increasing the shear strength by induced matric suction. This paper describes the way vegetation influences soil matric suction, shrinkage and ground settlement in the vadose zone through transpiration. A mathematical model for the rate of root water uptake, including the root growth rate considering ground conditions, type of vegetation and climatic parameters, has been developed. A finite element approach is employed to solve the transient coupled flow-deformation equations. The finite element mesh is built using partially saturated soil elements capable of representing the salient aspects of unsaturated permeability and the soil water characteristic curve. The model formulation is based on the effective stress theory of unsaturated soils. Based on this proposed model, the distribution of the ground matric suction profile adjacent to the tree is numerically analysed. Current field measurements of soil matric suction and moisture content collected from Miram site located in Victoria State, Australia by the authors are compared with the numerical predictions. The results indicate that the proposed root water uptake model incorporated in the numerical analysis can be used for prediction of ground properties influenced by tree roots.     

树轮氢氧同位素方法在环境变迁研究中的应用

树轮氢氧同位素方法是过去环境气候变化研究领域内的主要技术手段之一，因其时间分辨率高，反映环境参数多，准确定量的优点，近年日益受到重视。     

Role of temporal resolution of meteorological inputs for process‐based snow modelling

Accurate snow accumulation and melt simulations are crucial for understanding and predicting hydrological dynamics in mountainous settings. As snow models require temporally varying meteorological inputs, time resolution of these inputs is likely to play an important role on the model accuracy. Because meteorological data at a fine temporal resolution (~1 hr) are generally not available in many snow‐dominated settings, it is important to evaluate the role of meteorological inputs temporal resolution on the performance of process‐based snow models. The objective of this work is to assess the loss in model accuracy with temporal resolution of meteorological inputs, for a range of climatic conditions and topographic elevations. To this end, a process‐based snow model was run using 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐hourly inputs for wet, average, and dry years over Boise River Basin (6,963 km²), which spans rain dominated (≤1,400 m), rain–snow transition (>1,400 and ≤1,900 m), snow dominated below tree line (>1,900 and ≤2,400 m), and above tree line (>2,400 m) elevations. The results show that sensitivity of the model accuracy to the inputs time step generally decreases with increasing elevation from rain dominated to snow dominated above tree line. Using longer than hourly inputs causes substantial underestimation of snow cover area (SCA) and snow water equivalent (SWE) in rain‐dominated and rain–snow transition elevations, due to the precipitation phase mischaracterization. In snow‐dominated elevations, the melt rate is underestimated due to errors in estimation of net snow cover energy input. In addition, the errors in SCA and SWE estimates generally decrease toward years with low snow mass, that is, dry years. The results indicate significant increases in errors in estimates of SCA and SWE as the temporal resolution of meteorological inputs becomes coarser than an hour. However, use of 3‐hourly inputs can provide accurate estimates at snow‐dominated elevations. The study underscores the need to record meteorological variables at an hourly time step for accurate process‐based snow modelling.     

Risk and decision making analyses and applications to the petroleum exploration — A certain PSC area

Risk is a critical factor that an investor must take into account, regardless of where money is invested. Before making important decisions in petroleum exploration, it is standard practice to calculate the expected monetary value for each given prospect. Because of the large uncertainty inherent in decisions that involve large sums of money, the investor needs to exercise prudence. This paper describes an application of calculating the expected monetary value in a mature producing area in the Malacca Strait PSC Contract Area, Indonesia.     

空间数据挖掘技术在土地定级估价中应用

介绍了空间数据挖掘技术和决策树算法。通过对其研究，将可视化空间数据挖掘技术应用于土地定级估价，并介绍了基于Visual C^＋＋ 6．0和ESRI公司的MapObiect 2．0组件技术设计和开发了一个可视化交互空间数据挖掘土地定级估价原型系统。系统采用决策树方法作为数据挖掘方法的基本算法，采用训练与学习相结合实现土地定级估价。阐述了基于决策树空间数据挖掘土地定级估价的系统模型，系统总体框架、主要模块、系统界面及系统实现定级估价的工作流程。该方法是对土地定级估价方法的一种新的探索，是对土地信息系统开发的一种新的尝试，也是土地信息系统智能化发展的一个方向。     

Construction of Porphyra yezoensis Pure Line from Protoplasts and Its 18S rDNA Sequence Determination

1　Introduction　PorphyraisthemainobjectforalgafarmingandplaysaveryimportantroleinChinesemarineindus tries.Recently ,therehasbeenagreatlossinPor phyracultivationduetothedegenerationoftheculti var,sothereisanincreasingdemandforgoodPor phyracultivars .Theprerequisiteofthetraditionalbreed ingandbioengineeringresearchofPorphyraistheconstructionofpurelines .Traditionally ,theclassifi cationofPorphyrawasaccordingtotheirmorphologi calcharacteristics .However ,mostmorphologicalfea turesofPorphyraar…