基于MAPGIS的1∶50万土地利用数据库系统设计与实现

土地利用资料是国家重要的基础地理资料 .针对全国土地利用数据进行建库管理会对国家建设起到重要的作用 .以MAPGIS为基础 ,按照一定的设计原则提出系统总体上应有的数据编辑、查询、统计等六大模块及其主要的功能 .详细说明了在MAPGIS平台的支持下全国土地利用数据库的数据组织方式 ,以及外部属性与图形数据的关联方式、图库中图元的B+ 树索引的结构、数据检索、输出流程等关键技术问题的解决方案 .     

To afforest the desert with the technology of peat composed of rotten mosses and the sustainable development of the oases

Only by providing the good conditions for the growth of plants can a favorable ecologicalenvironment on which human beings rely for existence be created. The upside-down-T dou-ble-layer water-conserving afforestation way is developed according to the situation of the short-age of water resources, low soil fertility and vast land in the arid areas. The characteristics of theafforestation way are to change the microenvironment in the root area of the plants, provide thefavorable conditions for the growth of plants, and reduce the necessary conditions for the growth ofplants in large areas in the arid regions. Meanwhile, the size of its water-conserving layer can bechanged according to the size of the planted trees. The different ways of the bottom wa-ter-conserving layer can be used according to the requirements. The afforestation way is suitablefor planting trees on a small scale and also for afforesting on a large scale under the adverse cir-cumstances in the arid areas, and has been effectively used in the afforestation in the hinterland ofTaklamakan Desert and the southern marginal zone of Gurbantonggut Desert. The prospects ofthe afforestation way are broad in afforestation and desertification control in the desert regions.     

云南松根系对土壤牵引效应测试系统的设计与实现

目前在野外对云南松根系与土壤的机械效庆的研究，由于测试研究受多种因数的影响，开展研究困难较大，研究精度也受到一定程度的影响，这对较深入的描述根系与土壤相互作用的机械效应带来一定的困难。本文基于这一实际，设计了能在室内和野外进行实时测试分析的测试系统，并配套了支持PCMCIA插槽的DAQP－12型模数转换（A／D）卡，以及直流电供电的QT－300型调理装置。结合所配套的硬件，利用Visual C在Windows95/98平台编写了软件，经过实际试验测试，系统各项性能能够满足云南松根系对土壤的机械效应研究的测试分析要求。     

基于树结构的数字遥感图像存储方法与应用

数字遥感图像一般是采用栅格结构来存储。图像中地物的结构特征是隐含其中的。该文从图像识别角度，重点研究了基于树结构的数字遥感图像存储方法。这种方法与遥感中常用的四又树等存储方法不同，它注重图像中地物本身的结构特征。通过树结构使像元按地物目标形成一个个的组合体。该文以机场跑道识别为例，介绍了基于树结构的数字遥感图像存储方法的应用以及将图像变为树的算法。     

设备树在路灯AM/FM/GIS系统中的应用研究

该文提出了AM／FM／GIS中基于“设备树”的设备设施管理模式，运用“设备树”来组织路灯电力网络中的设备设施对象；阐述了如何从设备设施的物理模型抽象出具有树状层次结构的逻辑网络模型，并根据该逻辑模型设计相应的数据结构来构建“设备树”；并介绍了设备树在南京市路灯AM／FM／GIS系统中的设计与实现。     

睡莲类植物ITS nrDNA序列的分子系统发育分析

睡莲类植物是目前植物分子系统学与进化研究的一个重要类群。核基因组的ITS区是核核糖体（nrDNA)转录单位的一部分。测定和分析了5个属的7种睡莲类植物的核核糖体ITS序列，并与GenBank中提取的相关序列进行了组合分析，初步获得了睡莲类植物的2个ITS系统树，结果也支持现有分子系统学研究中有关金鱼藻处于较原始位置的观点。     

The importance of plant root characteristics in controlling concentrated flow erosion rates

While it has been demonstrated in numerous studies that the aboveground characteristics of the vegetation are of particular importance with respect to soil erosion control, this study argues the importance of separating the influence of vegetation on soil erosion rates into two parts: the impact of leaves and stems (aboveground biomass) and the influence of roots (belowground biomass). Although both plant parameters form inseparable constituents of the total plant organism, most studies attribute the impact of vegetation on soil erosion rates mainly to the characteristics of the aboveground biomass. This triggers the question whether the belowground biomass is of no or negligible importance with respect to soil erosion by concentrated flow. This study tried to answer this question by comparing cross‐sectional areas of concentrated flow channels (rills and ephemeral gullies) in the Belgian Loess Belt for different cereal and grass plant densities. The results of these measurements highlighted the fact that both an increase in shoot density as well as an increase in root density resulted in an exponential decrease of concentrated flow erosion rates. Since protection of the soil surface in the early plant growth stages is crucial with respect to the reduction of water erosion rates, increasing the plant root density in the topsoil could be a viable erosion control strategy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于先验知识的GIS路径寻优算法

针对地理信息系统中特定的两点路径寻优问题,提出了一种基于先验知识的快速搜索算法。该算法模拟人脑寻找路径的思维过程,首先针对实际问题建立先验知识库,在路径搜索过程中,利用知识库中的信息剪去不可能的搜索路径,构造出简化的查询树,从而大大提高最优路径的搜索速度。     

高层建筑深基坑支护施工技术

深圳某高层建筑原基坑已作支护,但一直废弃作鱼塘用。新的基坑支护采用土钉墙和树根桩施工,支护完成后监测结果较好,没有发生明显的位移和沉降。     

The postglacial history of three Picea species in New England, USA

Given the difficulty of separating the three Picea species—P. glauca, P. mariana, and P. rubens (white, black, and red spruce)—in the pollen record, little is known about their unique histories in eastern North America following deglaciation. Here we report the first use of a classification tree analysis (CART) to distinguish pollen grains of these species. It was successfully applied to fossil pollen from eight sites in Maine and one in Massachusetts. We focused on the late glacial/early Holocene (14,000 to 8000 cal yr B.P.) and the late Holocene (1400 cal yr B.P. to present)—the two key periods since deglaciation when Picea has been abundant in the region. The result shows a shift from a Picea forest of P. glauca and P. mariana in the late glacial to a forest of P. rubens and P. mariana in the late Holocene. The small number of P. rubens grains identified from the late glacial/early Holocene samples (<5%) suggests that that species was either absent or rare at most of the sites. The occurrence and distribution of the three species do not reveal any geographic or temporal trend during late glacial time, but the data suggest that they were distributed in local patches on the landscape. The results of this study indicate that the recent population expansion of Picea (1000 to 500 cal yr B.P.) was likely the first time since deglaciation that P. rubens was abundant in the region.