迭代法计算H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体均一压力的改进及其应用

文章在宋玉财等于2007年提出的利用迭代法计算流体包裹体成分及均一压力的基础上,结合Duan等通过热力学模拟研究所获得的最新的热力学方程及H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体pVtx计算程序,对宋玉财等所提出的H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体成分及均一压力的迭代计算法提出了改进意见,同时对其进行了适当的修改。文章利用中-低温条件下求解CO2在盐水中的溶解度及摩尔体积的方程,提高了原方法的计算精度,并将原方法的适用范围（均一温度≥300 ℃）扩展到中_低温（0～260 ℃）、中_低压力（0～1 000×105Pa）以及中等盐度的范围。本方法适用于求解CO2部分均一温度高于笼形物融化温度、不含石盐子矿物且完全均一到水溶液相的H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体。     

岩体三维不连续裂隙网络及其逆建模方法

通过拟合实测的二维裂隙编录图和钻孔裂隙编录图，优化裂隙三维大小和密度参数，使模型能够准确再现野外所观测到的实际现象，包括开挖面和钻孔上不同裂隙的数量、密度和长度，通过计算实例验证了方法的可行性。     

A multi-method approach for the study of lanthanum speciation in coastal and estuarine sediments

Two independent analytical methods (sequential extraction and kinetic extraction methods) were applied in order to understand the distribution and speciation of La in the coastal and estuarine sediments from the central east coast of India. Sequential extraction study revealed that La was primarily present as inert complexes (~ 50–60% of the total La) in all the sediments. Amounts of ~ 20–30% of the total La in all the sediments were found to associate with the total organic carbon (TOC) in the sediments. The dissociation rate constants of La–sediment complexes obtained from kinetic extraction studies revealed that the concentration of thermodynamically weak complexes of La gradually increased with the increasing La/TOC ratio in the sediments.     

Efficient methods for solving water flow in variably saturated soils under prescribed flux infiltration

The non-linear solvers in numerical solutions of water flow in variably saturated soils are prone to convergence difficulties. Many aspects can give rise to such difficulties and in this paper we address the gravity term and the prescribed-flux boundary in the Picard iteration. The problem of the gravity term in the Picard iteration is iteration-to-iteration oscillation as the gravity term is treated, by analogy with the time-step advance technique, ‘explicitly’ in the iteration. The proposed method for the gravity term is an improvement of the ‘implicit’ approach of Zhang and Ewen [Water Resour. Res. 36 (2000) 2777] by extending it to heterogeneous soil and approximating the inter-nodal hydraulic conductivity in the diffusive term and the gravity term with the same scheme. The prescribed-flux boundary in traditional methods also gives rise to iteration-to-iteration oscillation because there is no feedback to the flux in the solution at the new iteration. To reduce such oscillation, a new method is proposed to provide such a feedback to the flux. Comparison with traditional Picard and Newton iteration methods for a wide range of problems show that a combination of these two proposed methods greatly improves the stability and consequently the computational efficiency, making the use of small time step and/or under-relaxation solely for convergence unnecessary.     

Numerical Simulation of Residual Circulation due to Bottom Rouglmess Variability Under Tidal Flows in A Semi-Enclosed Bay

Nowadays there are some chronic serious environmental problems, such as eutrophication, blue tide and so on, in a complicated coastal zone or a semi-enclosed bay, because the water exchanges between an inner bay and an outer sea is weak compared with the supply of contaminant. Under this situation, a method to improve the water quality by 3-dimensional small unsymmetrical structures has been proposed by Komatsu et al. In this paper, several numerical simulations of the tidal current and concentration for various arrangements of bottom roughness in a semi-enclosed model bay are carfled out with a depth-averaged 2-D numerical model. The model is solved by the hybrid finite analytic method with nonstaggered grid. And the SIMPLES algorithm with Rhie and Chow＇ s momentum interpolation technique is used for the simulation. The effect of Komatsu＇ s method for water purification is examined by numerical simulation. The result of numerical experiment indicates that it is possible to generate a new tidal residual current and to activate a tidal exchange by bottom roughness arrangement only.     

Incremental elastoplastic FEM for simulating the deformation process of suction caissons subjected to cyclic loads in soft clays

This paper presents an incremental elastoplastic finite element method (FEM) to simulate the undrained deformation process of suction caisson foundations subjected to cyclic loads in soft clays. The method is developed by encoding the total-stress-based bounding surface model proposed by the authors in the ABAQUS software package. According to the model characteristics, elastoplastic stress states associated with the incremental strains of each iteration are determined using the sub-incremental explicit Euler algorithm, and the state parameters describing the cyclic accumulative rates of strains are updated by setting state variables during the calculations. The radial fallback method is also proposed to modify the stress states outside the bounding surface to the surface during determination of the elastoplastic stress states. The stress reversals of soil elements are judged by the angle between the incremental deviatoric stress and the exterior normal vector at the image stress point on the bounding surface to update the mapping centre and state variables during cyclic loading. To assess the general validity of the method, the reduced scale model tests and centrifuge tests of suction caissons subjected to cyclic loads are simulated using the method. Predictions are in relative good agreement with test results. Compared with the limit equilibrium and quasi-static methods, the method can not only determine the cyclic bearing capacity, but can also analyse the deformation process and the failure mechanisms of suction caisson under cyclic loads in soft clays.     

基于Gmsh的起伏地形下井—地直流电法正演模拟

采用Gmsh软件对起伏地形下的异常体模型进行建模和不规则网格剖分,将剖分网格数据应用到2.5D有限元正演程序中,并使用井—地联合观测方法对正演计算结果进行分析.分析结果表明:采用不规则网格剖分拟合起伏地形和使用井—地联合观测方法来进行起伏地形下的地质情况勘探能得到较好的结果,同时还研究了使用不同观测装置时山谷地形对下方...     

Duffing振子系统周期解的唯一性与精确周期信号的获取方法

研究Duffing振子系统的周期解的唯一性与精确周期信号的获取方法. 应用定性分析方法,获得了一类Duffing振子系统具有唯一周期解的必要条件,同时也得到了一类更广泛的非线性周期系统的周期解的唯一性.在一定条件下,给出了Duffing振子系统精确周期信号的获取方法.     

两种海洋微藻硝酸还原酶活性测定方法的比较研究

对6种常见海洋微藻的硝酸还原酶活性测定方法进行了初步研究。确立了离体法和活体法的提取(振荡)时间及酶促反应时间,分别为:5 min,30 min(离体法)和6 min,10 min(活体法),并对2种方法进行了对比。结果表明:在本文条件下,离体法较活体法更适于进行塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)、强壮前沟藻(Amphidinium carterae)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、新月菱形藻(Nitzchia closterium)和旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)的硝酸还原酶活性的测定;活体法更适于东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghainase)硝酸还原酶活性的测定。     

高速公路沉降计算中e-lg p法修正探讨

利用已有的高速公路土工试验资料，通过大量的非线性有限元计算得出一个与路堤填筑高度及路基土体压缩系数相关的沉降综合修正式，使得单向 e-lgp 法的计算结果修正后能够考虑土体侧向变形。实例验证表明：经此式修正后的沉降值误差较小，不但比规范法更合理，而且与实测值以及有限元法结果很接近，具有一定的工程参考价值和借鉴意义。