Aftershock collapse fragility curves for non‐ductile RC buildings: a scenario‐based assessment

Recent studies have addressed the computation of fragility curves for mainshock (MS)‐damaged buildings. However, aftershock (AS) fragilities are generally conditioned on a range of potential post‐MS damage states that are simulated via static or dynamic analyses performed on an intact building. Moreover, there are very few cases where the behavior of non‐ductile reinforced concrete buildings is analyzed. This paper presents an evaluation of AS collapse fragility conditioned on various return periods of MSs, allowing for the rapid assessment of post‐earthquake safety variations based solely on the intensity of the damaging earthquake event. A refined multi‐degree‐of‐freedom model of a seven‐storey non‐ductile building, which includes brittle failure simulations and the evaluation of a system level collapse, is adopted. Aftershock fragilities are obtained by performing an incremental dynamic analysis for a number of MS–AS ground motion sequences and a variety of MS intensities. The AS fragilities show that the probability of collapse significantly increases for higher return periods for the MS. However, this result is mainly ascribable to collapses occurred during MSs. When collapse cases that occur during a MS are not considered in the assessment of AS collapse probability, a smaller shift in the fragility curves is observed as the MS intensity increases. This result is justified considering the type of model and collapse modes introduced, which strongly depend on the brittle behavior of columns failing in shear or due to axial loads. The analysis of damage that is due to MSs when varying the return period confirms this observation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

震后建筑群修复施工阶段工程造价动态预控系统

震后建筑群修复施工阶段工程造价动态控制比其他阶段更具有变动性,需要高精度和高灵活性的预控系统的运用才能保证工程造价不出现偏差。在此文中,设计震后建筑群修复施工阶段工程造价动态预控系统。相关人员可在用户登录模块进入系统界面,在系统的工程信息管理模块中,采用改进遗传算法构建震后建筑群修复工程造价模型,完成震后建筑群修复工程造价动态预控系统的设计。实验结果验证,本文所设计的基于改进遗传算法的造价动态预控系统能够有效实现震后建筑群修复施工阶段的工程造价动态预控,伴随造价样本数目的增多,误差率会逐渐降低,预控性能较好;且预控灵活性始终大于95%,使用局限性仅有0.04,实用性较高,能够为震后建筑修复施工部门的工程造价控制给予借鉴。     

点支式玻璃建筑结构地震损伤评估模型研究

地震对建筑结构的损伤轻则影响建筑完整性,重则导致建筑崩塌。近几年,地震损伤评估问题得到地震工程研究领域的高度重视,但对点支式玻璃建筑结构的损伤评估研究较少。为此,构建一种点支式玻璃建筑结构地震损伤评估模型。采用基于HHT变换的结构损伤部位识别方法判断地震中点支式玻璃建筑损伤部位,建立点支式玻璃建筑结构地震损伤评估多元联系数模型,评估点支式玻璃建筑损伤部位的损伤情况。结果表明,该评估模型对某地区点支式玻璃建筑结构地震损伤评估情况与实际结果一致,且该模型可控性较强,评估范围全面,评估效率明显优于其他评估模型,应用价值较高。     

基于振动法的建筑墙体装饰抗震裂综合设计研究

为了解决传统建筑墙体装饰抗震裂设计方法中存在稳定性较差、强度折减系数较低的问题,提出了一种基于振动法的建筑墙体装饰抗震裂综合设计方法。分析建筑墙体结构,构建面向数据提取的建筑墙体结构对象模型,根据建筑墙体装饰抗震裂设防的具体要求,以建筑底部框架抗震墙结构为基础,制定出墙体装饰抗震加固设计基本方法。结合具体施工方法,综合考虑了底部框架抗震墙结构的刚度、强度以及延性的影响,实现了建筑墙体装饰的抗震裂设计。实验结果显示,该方法的稳定性比传统方法提高2%,且在不同密度条件下,最大应力和强度折减系数均远大于对比方法,充分说明了加固后能够保证建筑墙体装饰具有较好的抗震裂能力。     

顾及多特征约束的建筑物组合化简方法

建筑物是大比例尺地图中的重要要素,其自动化简是制图综合领域的重要研究内容。针对当前化简方法仅侧重于某一方面的问题,本文提出一种顾及多特征约束的建筑物组合化简方法。首先,对建筑物进行冗余点删除、尖角去除等预处理操作;然后根据化简阈值筛选出需要化简的短边,并对其局部结构进行自动分类识别;然后,充分考虑建筑物的位置、面积、方向和形状等特征约束的影响,针对不同的结构类型采用不同的化简操作,在化简的过程中采用阈值逐渐增大的渐进式确定方法,直到满足化简要求为止;最后,从多个特征角度对化简结果进行评估,对不合理的化简实体进行调整修改。以OpenStreetMap数据为例进行实验,并与其它化简方法进行对比,实验结果表明,本文所提的方法可以有效保持建筑物的面积、形状、直角等基本特征,可以实现建筑物的自动连续化简,具备一定的通用性。     

考虑温度影响的LRB隔震建筑地震响应分析

为研究温度对铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)性能的影响,进行支座拟静力试验。试验表明,在不同温度环境中试件的滞回曲线明显不同,支座的刚度和屈服剪力均随温度的升高而降低;低温时,支座的力学特性变化较大,而当温度大于20℃时,支座的力学特性趋于稳定。以某五层基础隔震建筑为例,编写基础隔震结构非线性时程分析程序NBIS,计算该隔震建筑在考虑温度影响后的地震响应。结果表明,在多遇地震作用下支座恢复力随温度的升高而降低,与罕遇地震下的变化趋势相反;考虑LRB温度影响后,该基础隔震结构的减震系数随环境温度的降低而增大,支座的最大位移随温度升高而增大。     

OutDet: an algorithm for extracting the outer surfaces of building information models for integration with geographic information systems

The integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and geographic information systems (GIS) is a promising but challenging topic to solve problems in construction industry. However, loading and rendering rich BIM geometric data and large-scale GIS spatial information in a unified system is still technologically challenging. Current efforts mainly simplify the geometry in BIM models, or convert BIM geometric data to a lower level of detail (LOD). By noticing that only exterior features of BIM models are visible from outdoor observation points, culling BIM interior facilities can dramatically reduce the computational burden when visualizing BIM models in GIS. This study explores the outline detection problem and presents the OutDet algorithm, which selects representative observation points, transforms & projects the BIM geometric data into the same coordinate system, and detects the visible facilities. Empirical study results show that OutDet can cull a large portion of unnecessary features when rendering BIM models in GIS. The use of outlines of BIM models is not an alternative but rather a supplementary approach for current solutions. Jointly using LOD and outer surface can help improve the efficiency of integrated BIM-GIS visualization.Because OutDet retains BIM geometry and semantics, it can be applied to more BIM-GIS applications..     

布料模拟法无人机倾斜摄影建筑点云提取

受布料模拟滤波思想的启发,本文提出一种基于无人机倾斜摄影密集匹配点云的建筑提取新方法。该方法引入布料模拟进行建筑顶面的初步识别,通过模拟布料下落过程,分析布料与对应密集匹配点云之间的作用,确定布料由重力下降后所停留的位置作为建筑顶面的初步识别,然后通过密度聚类算法进行建筑区分,从而实现建筑物顶面的单体化提取。通过实测数据进行试验,结果表明,该方法能取得较好的效果,为基于密集匹配点云的建筑物提取提供一种新思路。     

基于倾斜摄影三维模型的大比例尺地形图测图软件比较与分析

针对当前市场上基于倾斜摄影三维模型采编大比例尺地形图软件种类繁多的现状,本文以目前市场上主流的3款采编软件--EPS,DP-Modeler和Idata3D为例,通过选取一个测试区域,对3款软件加载倾斜摄影三维模型、采集建筑物模型、采编DLG等技术性能进行深入对比分析。本文提出科学客观的分析以及评价意见,从而为基于倾斜摄影三维模型的大比例尺地形图测图应用提供翔实的技术指导,进一步推广应用新型地形图采编技术方法。     

Morse理论支持下的建筑物点云特征提取

针对传统特征提取算法的结果存在交叉紊乱、不连续、缺少拓扑关系等问题,本文提出了基于Morse理论的建筑物点云特征提取算法。首先定义三维表面模型上顶点的Morse函数指标;然后采用邻点比较法自动提取特征点;最后针对Morse-Smale复形的对偶性在建筑物拓扑特征中已无实际意义的问题,提出了单复形拓扑模型的提取与简化算法。试验结果表明,该算法能够获得清晰、连续、完整的建筑物特征线,实现对建筑物模型表面的完全分割;简化算法在保证建筑物特征线拓扑一致性的前提下,可以获取不同层次的建筑物拓扑特征,为建筑物模型的重建与可视化提供了保障。